# SRM PRIME Hospital > SRM PRIME Hospital is a quaternary care multispeciality hospital at Ramapuram, Chennai, India, set up by the SRM Group. It has 300+ beds, 75+ specialised ICU beds, 7 modular operating theatres and 30+ medical and surgical specialities, with 24/7 emergency and trauma care. This website covers the hospital's specialities, doctor profiles, diseases and conditions treated, health check-up packages, patient guides, news and appointment booking. This file contains the full text of every page on https://srmhospitals.com, converted to Markdown for use by large language models. A shorter index of links is at https://srmhospitals.com/llms.txt. - Address: No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089, India. - Appointments: 044 3545 3545 · Emergency: 044 3500 3500 · Email: info@srmhospitals.com - Content that repeats across many pages (the latest-articles teaser, the hospital-wide FAQ, appointment prompts) appears only once, where it first occurs. - Medical content is for patient education and does not replace a consultation with a qualified doctor. --- # About the Hospital ## Restoring Lives, Rebuilding Hope URL: https://srmhospitals.com Summary: Looking for the best hospital in Chennai? SRM PRIME Hospital delivers advanced treatments, experienced specialists, and complete multispeciality care. Precision Diagnostics. Expert Doctors. World-Class Infrastructure. ### Comprehensive Care Across Every Speciality #### Comprehensive Medical Services Tailored to Your Needs At SRM PRIME Hospital, we offer a wide range of medical services designed to meet the diverse health needs of our community. Our state-of-the-art facilities and advanced medical technology ensure that you receive top-quality care in a comfortable and welcoming environment. Whether you need preventive care, diagnostic services or specialised treatment, our expert team is here to provide you with the best possible healthcare. Each department is staffed with highly trained professionals who are dedicated to delivering compassionate and personalised care. ### Patient Journeys Thousands of patients have trusted us during their most important health moments. Their stories reflect the expertise of our doctors, the clarity of our guidance, and the compassion that supports them at every stage of their treatment. ### Google Reviews Patient trust is the foundation of our care. With outstanding ratings on Google, our patients recognise us for our commitment to clinical excellence, compassionate service and personalised healthcare. #### Are You Looking for Something Specific? Blog & Articles ### Latest Updates & Health Insights 12 Oct 2026 ##### Recognising Diabetic Foot Problems Before They Get Worse Learn about diabetic foot symptoms, early warning signs, daily checks and when changes like wounds, swelling or colour changes need medical care. 11 Oct 2026 ##### How to Choose the Right Specialist at SRM Prime Hospital Learn how to choose the right SRM Prime Hospital specialist doctors based on symptoms, diagnosis, medical history and the specialist care you may need. 10 Oct 2026Community Health ##### SRM PRIME Zone: Free Healthcare Benefits for Families Within 5 km of Ramapuram SRM PRIME Zone: Get your free SRM PRIME Card if you live within 5 km of Ramapuram. 2 free specialist consults, 20% off lab tests, free ambulance and more. 7 Oct 2026 ##### Vomiting: Causes in Adults and Children and When It Becomes Serious Learn the common vomiting causes in adults and children, warning signs, dehydration risks, and when vomiting needs prompt medical attention and evaluation. 5 Oct 2026 ##### How to Book an Appointment at SRM Prime Hospital Learn how to book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital, choose the right specialist, prepare medical records, and plan your consultation with confidence. 21 Sep 2026 ##### Acidity Symptoms: When Everyday Heartburn May Be Signalling More Than Indigestion Learn about acidity symptoms, common triggers, warning signs and when recurring heartburn may need medical assessment for reflux or GORD. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital? You can book an appointment online through our website, use the Find Doctors feature, call our appointment helpline, or visit the hospital directly. Our team will help you schedule a consultation with the right specialist. #### Can I consult a specialist directly at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Patients can directly book an appointment with a specialist without a referral. Our team will guide you in choosing the appropriate doctor based on your condition. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide online consultations or second opinions? Yes. We offer online consultations and second opinion services for patients who prefer to consult from home or want expert guidance before starting treatment. #### What medical specialities are available at SRM Prime Hospital? SRM Prime Hospital offers a wide range of specialities including Cardiac Sciences, Neuroscience, Orthopaedics, Medical & Surgical Gastroenterology, Dermatology, General Medicine and advanced surgical care. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital accept health insurance? Yes. We work with leading insurance providers and offer cashless hospitalisation for eligible policies. Our insurance desk will assist you with the process. #### What are the visiting hours for patient attendants and family members? Visiting hours vary depending on the department and patient condition. Please contact the hospital reception or nursing station for the latest visiting schedule. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide emergency services? Yes. Our emergency department operates 24/7 with experienced doctors and advanced medical support to handle urgent medical situations. #### How do I find the right doctor at SRM Prime Hospital? You can use our Find Doctors feature on the website to search by speciality, doctor name or medical condition. #### Will I receive an estimate of treatment cost before admission? Yes. Our team provides a transparent treatment estimate and expected hospital stay duration before admission whenever possible. #### Where is SRM Prime Hospital located and how can I reach it? SRM Prime Hospital is located at No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089. The hospital is easily accessible by road from all parts of Chennai. ## About SRM PRIME URL: https://srmhospitals.com/about-us Summary: SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai is a leading multispeciality hospital delivering advanced medical care, expert specialists & patient-first care. SRM Prime Hospital is a trusted quaternary care hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. We are committed to providing comprehensive medical care to our patients with a focus on quality, compassion and innovation. #### About SRM Prime Hospital SRM Prime Hospital is a state-of-the-art quaternary care hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai, established by the renowned SRM Group – a trusted name in education and healthcare. The hospital is designed to deliver advanced, specialised and comprehensive healthcare supported by world-class infrastructure and medical expertise. With 300+ beds, 75+ specialised ICU beds and 7 advanced modular operation theatres, SRM Prime Hospital provides expert care across 30+ medical and surgical super-specialities, offering advanced diagnostics, complex procedures and multidisciplinary treatment approaches. Supported by a team of 100+ experienced doctors and 300+ skilled nursing and healthcare professionals, the hospital integrates cutting-edge technology, evidence-based medicine and global clinical standards to ensure the highest quality of care. ##### Our Vision To be a prime healthcare destination committed to restoring lives through innovation, the best clinical outcomes and an exceptional patient experience. #### 24/7 Emergency & Trauma Care - **30+** Specialities with Expert Doctors - **75+** Specialised ICU Beds - **300+** Beds for Comprehensive Care #### Dialysis Unit for Renal Care #### Comfortable Wide Range of Room Categories #### Comprehensive Health Check-ups #### Next-Gen Physiotherapy #### Smart Cath Lab For Advanced Heart Care #### AI-Driven Radiology – 3T MRI, CT and Digital X-Ray Our Core Values ### The Principles That Define Our Care #### Patient-First Care Every decision starts with the patient — their comfort, their understanding and their outcome. #### Clinical Excellence Evidence-based medicine, experienced specialists and protocols measured against global standards. #### Ethics & Transparency Clear treatment plans and honest estimates, so you know what is advised and what it will cost. #### Innovation & Continuous Improvement Advanced technology and review of our own results, so care keeps getting better. #### Compassion & Trust Time taken to listen, explain and support patients and families through every stage. ### Meet Our Leadership SRM Prime Hospital is guided by a visionary leadership team that brings together institutional legacy, strategic thinking and deep healthcare expertise. United by the shared purpose of “Restoring Lives”, the leadership team combines decades of experience in institution building, technology-driven healthcare and hospital management excellence. Their approach ensures that SRM Prime Hospital delivers clinically advanced, ethically driven and patient-centred care, supported by modern infrastructure, digital innovation and a culture of continuous improvement. #### Leadership Message Dr. R. Shivakumar is a distinguished leader with decades of experience in building and strengthening the SRM Group into a trusted institution known for excellence, innovation and social responsibility. His leadership philosophy is rooted in the belief that knowledge, technology and ethics together have the power to transform lives. Extending this vision into healthcare, he strongly advocates for technology-enabled, outcome-driven medical care that prioritises patient safety, quality and compassionate treatment. Under his guidance, SRM Prime Hospital reflects the founding principles of the SRM Group – trust, excellence and long-term impact – alongside the hospital’s own core values and its mission of “Restoring Lives”. #### Dr. R. Shivakumar, M.D. Chairman – SRM Group (Ramapuram & Tiruchirappalli) #### Mr. S. Niranjan Co-Chairman – SRM Group (Ramapuram & Tiruchirappalli) #### Mr. P. Siva Chief Executive Officer – SRM Prime Hospital ### Consult a Trusted Doctor ##### Get Expert Medical Guidance Tailored to Your Needs [Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us) ## Infrastructure URL: https://srmhospitals.com/Infrastructure Our state-of-the-art infrastructure ensures a seamless and comfortable experience for our patients. ### World-Class Infrastructure Step into a future-ready environment equipped with cutting-edge facilities, seamless digital integration, and thoughtfully designed spaces that support innovation, comfort, and growth. ##### Pharmacy Cafe Dining Pharmacy Room Lobby ### Cafe Counter Enjoy a modern, thoughtfully designed café space with global standards—perfect for casual meetings, collaborative sessions, or a quick coffee break amidst our world-class infrastructure. ### Bill Counter Efficient and fast billing counter services designed to save your time and offer a hassle-free experience with modern payment infrastructures. ### Doctor Dining An exclusive dining area for doctors to relax and recharge, offering premium culinary services in a serene environment. ### Nurse Dining A comfortable dedicated space for our nursing staff to enjoy nutritious meals and connect with peers during breaks. ### Lounge Area A vibrant seating zone equipped with comfortable furnishings, suitable for brief waits or informal discussions. Cafe Counter Bill Counter Doctor Dining Nurse Dining Lounge Area ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital? You can book an appointment online through our website, use the Find Doctors feature, call our appointment helpline, or visit the hospital directly. Our team will help you schedule a consultation with the right specialist. #### Can I consult a specialist directly at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Patients can directly book an appointment with a specialist without a referral. Our team will guide you in choosing the appropriate doctor based on your condition. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide online consultations or second opinions? Yes. We offer online consultations and second opinion services for patients who prefer to consult from home or want expert guidance before starting treatment. #### What medical specialities are available at SRM Prime Hospital? SRM Prime Hospital offers a wide range of specialities including Cardiac Sciences, Neuroscience, Orthopaedics, Medical & Surgical Gastroenterology, Dermatology, General Medicine and advanced surgical care. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital accept health insurance? Yes. We work with leading insurance providers and offer cashless hospitalisation for eligible policies. Our insurance desk will assist you with the process. #### What are the visiting hours for patient attendants and family members? Visiting hours vary depending on the department and patient condition. Please contact the hospital reception or nursing station for the latest visiting schedule. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide emergency services? Yes. Our emergency department operates 24/7 with experienced doctors and advanced medical support to handle urgent medical situations. #### How do I find the right doctor at SRM Prime Hospital? You can use our Find Doctors feature on the website to search by speciality, doctor name or medical condition. #### Will I receive an estimate of treatment cost before admission? Yes. Our team provides a transparent treatment estimate and expected hospital stay duration before admission whenever possible. #### Where is SRM Prime Hospital located and how can I reach it? SRM Prime Hospital is located at No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089. The hospital is easily accessible by road from all parts of Chennai. ### Consult a Trusted Doctor ##### Get Expert Medical Guidance Tailored to Your Needs [Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us) ## Emergency Services URL: https://srmhospitals.com/emergency-services Summary: Looking for a 24/7 emergency hospital in Chennai? SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram provides immediate emergency care with ICU, cardiac & trauma support today. Immediate care, any hour of the day — 24/7 emergency and trauma support in Ramapuram. ### Your Emergency, Our Priority — Available 24/7 ##### Intensive Care Medicine Our ICU delivers comprehensive, critical care for seriously ill patients, ensuring the highest level of support during life-threatening conditions. ##### Cardiac Emergency Our emergency team provides life-saving care for heart-related issues, ensuring rapid treatment with the latest technology to stabilise heart health. ##### Orthopaedic Emergency Immediate care for fractures, dislocations and musculoskeletal injuries, focusing on fast relief and swift recovery. ##### Neurological Emergency Rapid response and expert care for neurological emergencies, ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment for critical brain and nerve conditions. ##### Gastrointestinal Emergency Swift treatment for gastrointestinal conditions, providing immediate relief and preventing further complications for quick recovery. ##### Obstetric & Gynaecological Emergency Specialised care for obstetric and gynaecological emergencies, prioritising the safety of both mother and child during critical moments. ##### Paediatric Emergency Tailored emergency care for children, ensuring comfort and expert treatment for swift recovery in critical situations. ## Where Care Is Closer To You! URL: https://srmhospitals.com/srm-prime-zone Summary: SRM PRIME Zone: a first-of-its-kind 5 KM healthcare zone by SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram — faster emergency response, priority healthcare access and exclusive Prime Card benefits. ### Where Care Is Closer To You! A first-of-its-kind neighbourhood healthcare initiative by SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, bringing world-class healthcare closer to residents living within a 5 km radius. Easy access to preventive healthcare, faster emergency support, advanced medical services, and exclusive healthcare benefits—all designed for your neighbourhood. ##### Why Join Prime Zone? - Free Emergency pickup within 5km Radius - Complimentary SRM PRIME Card - Exclusive healthcare benefits for your family - Free health screening for the first 10000 residents through medical camp Get Your Complimentary SRM PRIME Card ### About SRM PRIME Zone Healthcare, Designed Around Your Community SRM PRIME Zone is a first-of-its-kind community healthcare initiative by SRM PRIME Hospital, created to make quality healthcare more accessible, affordable, and connected to the people living within a 5 km radius of the hospital. Built on the belief that healthcare should never be far away, Prime Zone combines preventive healthcare, emergency support, specialist access, and exclusive healthcare privileges into one comprehensive neighbourhood healthcare programme. Through regular health camps, community awareness initiatives, preventive screenings, and the complimentary SRM PRIME Card, we are committed to helping individuals and families stay healthier while ensuring timely access to expert medical care whenever they need it. ### Communities We Serve Prime Zone currently covers residents living within approximately 5 kilometres of SRM PRIME Hospital, including: ### Why Choose SRM PRIME Hospital? SRM PRIME Hospital is a 300-bed quaternary care, multi-speciality hospital providing advanced medical care with compassion and excellence. Hospital Highlights 300-Bed Quaternary Care Multi-speciality Hospital 30+ Clinical Specialities South India's Most Advanced MRI System State-of-the-art Endoscopy Suite Da Vinci Xi Robotic Surgical System Advanced Critical Care & ICU Facilities 24×7 Emergency & Trauma Care Experienced Specialists Across Multiple Disciplines Prime Zone brings world-class healthcare, advanced technology, and expert medical care closer to your community. ### SRM PRIME Card Benefits Exclusive Healthcare Benefits for You & Your Family The complimentary SRM PRIME Card provides exclusive healthcare privileges designed to make quality healthcare more accessible and affordable for eligible residents. ##### Complimentary Specialist Consultations - Two complimentary OP consultations for the registered cardholder. ##### Free OP Registration - Complimentary OP registration for the cardholder and up to five registered family members (maximum six members per card). ##### Complimentary Diet Consultation - Two complimentary diet consultations every year. ##### Emergency Ambulance Pickup - Complimentary ambulance pickup within a 5 km radius of SRM PRIME Hospital, subject to availability. ##### Exclusive Savings - 20% off on blood investigations - 10% off on Pharmacy Bills - 10% off on Bed Charges - BUY 1 GET 1 FREE on Eligible Health Check Packages* This offer is applicable only to cash-paying patients. ### Preventive Healthcare For the Community FREE Health Screening for the First 10,000 Residents As part of our commitment to preventive healthcare, SRM PRIME Hospital will provide FREE health screening for the first 10,000 eligible residents through community medical camps across the Prime Zone. This initiative encourages: - Early detection of health conditions - Preventive healthcare and regular screenings - Better health awareness - Healthier families and neighbourhoods ### How to Get Your SRM PRIME Card Getting your SRM PRIME Card is simple. ##### Step 1 Check your eligibility based on your residential address within the Prime Zone. ##### Step 2 Register your household details with our Prime Zone team. ##### Step 3 Receive your complimentary SRM PRIME Card. ##### Step 4 Start enjoying exclusive healthcare benefits for you and your family. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Who can apply for the SRM PRIME Card? Residents living within a 5 km radius of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram are eligible to apply for the complimentary SRM PRIME Card. #### Who can use the SRM PRIME Card? The cardholder and up to five registered family members can avail the eligible benefits, making a maximum of six members per card. #### Can my family members use the complimentary specialist consultations? Yes. Registered family members can avail the complimentary specialist consultations. Family members must be registered at the time of applying for the card to be eligible. #### Can my family members avail complimentary OP registration? Yes. Complimentary OP registration is available for the cardholder and all registered family members covered under the card. #### Can I use the Buy 1 Get 1 Health Check offer at different times? The Buy 1 Get 1 Health Check offer is designed to encourage you and your loved ones to prioritise preventive healthcare together. Both eligible health check packages need to be booked and availed together in a single transaction. #### Can SRM PRIME Card benefits be combined with insurance, corporate or TPA offers? Insurance, corporate, TPA, CGHS, ECHS and other healthcare offers are specially curated with exclusive benefits and packages for their respective customers and members. Similarly, the SRM PRIME Card offers exclusive benefits for Prime Card members. These benefits are applicable independently and cannot be clubbed or combined with other offers, packages or benefit programmes. #### Do unused complimentary diet consultations carry forward? Yes. Unused complimentary diet consultations can be carried forward from month to month during the validity period of the SRM PRIME Card. #### Is the free ambulance pickup guaranteed? Yes, complimentary ambulance pickup is available within a 5 km radius of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, subject to ambulance availability and emergency prioritisation. ### Terms & Conditions ##### General - The SRM PRIME Card is a privilege card and not a payment or credit card. - Benefits are applicable only for direct patient payments. - Benefits are non-transferable except where family eligibility is specified. - SRM PRIME Hospital reserves the right to modify or withdraw benefits without prior notice. - The card remains the property of SRM PRIME Hospital. ##### OP Registration - Complimentary OP registration is available for up to six registered family members, including the cardholder. - Family members must be registered before availing the benefit. ##### Complimentary Specialist Consultations - Applicable only for the registered cardholder. - Limited to two OP consultations. ##### Diet Consultation - Limited to two complimentary consultations per card per year. - Unused consultations cannot be carried forward. ##### Ambulance Pickup - Complimentary pickup is available only within a 5 km radius of SRM PRIME Hospital. - Subject to ambulance availability and emergency prioritisation. ##### Laboratory Discount - 20% discount applies only to eligible blood investigations. ##### Pharmacy Discount - 10% discount applies to eligible pharmacy purchases. ##### Bed Charge Discount - 10% discount applies only to room/bed charges. - Does not include ICU charges, doctor fees, procedures, nursing charges, consumables, or package treatments. ##### Buy 1 Get 1 Health Check - Applicable only on eligible health check packages. - Both packages must be booked together under a single transaction. - The lower-value package will be complimentary unless otherwise specified. ##### Offer Restrictions - Cannot be combined with insurance, corporate tie-ups, CGHS, ECHS, TPAs, promotional offers, vouchers, or other discounts. - Benefits are non-refundable and cannot be exchanged for cash. ##### Validity - The SRM PRIME Card is valid until 31 July 2027 or until the expiry date printed on the card. ### Join the SRM PRIME Zone Today Experience neighbourhood healthcare that's faster, smarter, and designed around your family. Get Your Complimentary SRM PRIME Card Today ## Health Check-Up Packages URL: https://srmhospitals.com/packages Summary: Compare preventive health check-up packages at SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram — wellness, paediatric, diabetic, executive, cardiac and comprehensive screenings. Comprehensive health check-up packages to fit your needs. ###### Packages Prime Wellness ##### Health Check-Up ₹2,250 Complete Blood Count | Fasting Blood Glucose | HbA1c | SGOT | SGPT | Lipid Profile | Creatinine | Urine Routine | ECG | Chest X-Ray (PA View) | General Physician Consultation Book Package Prime Paediatric Wellness ₹2,499 Haemogram (CBC, Peripheral Smear & ESR) | Fasting Blood Glucose | Urine Routine | Stool Routine | TSH | FT4 | Blood Grouping and Typing | Vitamin D | Paediatrician Consultation Prime Diabetic ₹3,999 Haemogram (CBC, Peripheral Smear & ESR) | Blood Glucose - Fasting & Post-Prandial | HbA1c | Fasting Insulin Levels | Urine Routine | Urine for Spot Protein Creatinine Ratio (PCR) | Urine for Microalbuminuria | RFT | LFT | Lipid Profile | Vitamin D | Vitamin B12 | Ultrasound - Whole Abdomen Screening | Chest X-Ray (PA View) | ECG | Echo - Screening | Dietitian Counselling | General Physician | Dermatology | Dental Screening | Eye Check | Breakfast Prime Executive Haemogram (CBC, Peripheral Smear & ESR) | Blood Glucose - Fasting & Post-Prandial | HbA1c | Urine Routine | RFT | LFT | Lipid Profile | TSH | FT4 | Pap Smear (Female) | Ultrasound - Whole Abdomen Screening | Chest X-Ray (PA View) | ECG | Dietitian Counselling | General Physician, Surgeon, Obstetrics & Gynaecology (Female) | ENT | Dental Screening | Dermatology | Eye Check | Breakfast Prime Cardiac ₹5,999 Haemogram (CBC, Peripheral Smear & ESR) | Blood Glucose - Fasting & Post-Prandial | HbA1c | Urine Routine | hs CRP | Homocysteine Levels | RFT | LFT | Lipid Profile | TSH | FT4 | Ultrasound - Whole Abdomen Screening | Chest X-Ray (PA View) | ECG | Echo - Screening | TMT | Dietitian Counselling | General Physician | Cardiologist Consultation | Breakfast Prime Comprehensive ₹7,499 Haemogram (CBC, Peripheral Smear & ESR) | Blood Glucose - Fasting & Post-Prandial | HbA1c | Urine Routine | RFT | LFT | SGOT | SGPT | Creatinine | Lipid Profile | TSH | FT4 | Pap Smear (Female) | Ultrasound - Whole Abdomen Screening | Chest X-Ray (PA View) | ECG | Dietitian Counselling | General Physician, Surgeon, Obstetrics & Gynaecology (Female) | ENT | Dental Screening | Dermatology | Eye Check | Breakfast All package prices are inclusive of taxes and are subject to change without prior notice. Please confirm the current price and inclusions with our health check-up desk before booking. --- # Patient Services ## Contact Us URL: https://srmhospitals.com/book-appointment Summary: Book your appointment at SRM PRIME Hospital, Chennai. Call, visit, or connect with our team for expert multispeciality care in Ramapuram. Reach our appointment desk, emergency line and Ramapuram campus — all in one place. ##### Reach Out [info@srmhospitals.com](mailto:info@srmhospitals.com)[044 3545 3545](tel:+914435453545)[SRM PRIME Hospital, No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089](https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=SRM%20PRIME%20Hospital%2C%20No.%2050%2C%20Bharathi%20Salai%2C%20Ramapuram%2C%20Chennai%2C%20Tamil%20Nadu%20600089)[Get Directions](https://www.google.com/maps/dir/?api=1&destination=13.032036,80.1810907&destination_place_id=0x3a5260d5ecbd2f21:0x64dd2ba1af48b320) ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital? You can book an appointment online through our website, use the Find Doctors feature, call our appointment helpline, or visit the hospital directly. Our team will help you schedule a consultation with the right specialist. #### Can I consult a specialist directly at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Patients can directly book an appointment with a specialist without a referral. Our team will guide you in choosing the appropriate doctor based on your condition. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide online consultations or second opinions? Yes. We offer online consultations and second opinion services for patients who prefer to consult from home or want expert guidance before starting treatment. #### What medical specialities are available at SRM Prime Hospital? SRM Prime Hospital offers a wide range of specialities including Cardiac Sciences, Neuroscience, Orthopaedics, Medical & Surgical Gastroenterology, Dermatology, General Medicine and advanced surgical care. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital accept health insurance? Yes. We work with leading insurance providers and offer cashless hospitalisation for eligible policies. Our insurance desk will assist you with the process. #### What are the visiting hours for patient attendants and family members? Visiting hours vary depending on the department and patient condition. Please contact the hospital reception or nursing station for the latest visiting schedule. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide emergency services? Yes. Our emergency department operates 24/7 with experienced doctors and advanced medical support to handle urgent medical situations. #### How do I find the right doctor at SRM Prime Hospital? You can use our Find Doctors feature on the website to search by speciality, doctor name or medical condition. #### Will I receive an estimate of treatment cost before admission? Yes. Our team provides a transparent treatment estimate and expected hospital stay duration before admission whenever possible. #### Where is SRM Prime Hospital located and how can I reach it? SRM Prime Hospital is located at No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089. The hospital is easily accessible by road from all parts of Chennai. [MEDICAL EMERGENCY](tel:+914435003500) [FIND A DOCTOR](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors) OUR LOCATION ## Contact Us URL: https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us Summary: Book your appointment at SRM PRIME Hospital, Chennai. Call, visit, or connect with our team for expert multispeciality care in Ramapuram. Reach our appointment desk, emergency line and Ramapuram campus — all in one place. ##### Reach Out [info@srmhospitals.com](mailto:info@srmhospitals.com)[044 3545 3545](tel:+914435453545)[SRM PRIME Hospital, No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089](https://www.google.com/maps/search/?api=1&query=SRM%20PRIME%20Hospital%2C%20No.%2050%2C%20Bharathi%20Salai%2C%20Ramapuram%2C%20Chennai%2C%20Tamil%20Nadu%20600089)[Get Directions](https://www.google.com/maps/dir/?api=1&destination=13.032036,80.1810907&destination_place_id=0x3a5260d5ecbd2f21:0x64dd2ba1af48b320) ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital? You can book an appointment online through our website, use the Find Doctors feature, call our appointment helpline, or visit the hospital directly. Our team will help you schedule a consultation with the right specialist. #### Can I consult a specialist directly at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Patients can directly book an appointment with a specialist without a referral. Our team will guide you in choosing the appropriate doctor based on your condition. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide online consultations or second opinions? Yes. We offer online consultations and second opinion services for patients who prefer to consult from home or want expert guidance before starting treatment. #### What medical specialities are available at SRM Prime Hospital? SRM Prime Hospital offers a wide range of specialities including Cardiac Sciences, Neuroscience, Orthopaedics, Medical & Surgical Gastroenterology, Dermatology, General Medicine and advanced surgical care. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital accept health insurance? Yes. We work with leading insurance providers and offer cashless hospitalisation for eligible policies. Our insurance desk will assist you with the process. #### What are the visiting hours for patient attendants and family members? Visiting hours vary depending on the department and patient condition. Please contact the hospital reception or nursing station for the latest visiting schedule. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide emergency services? Yes. Our emergency department operates 24/7 with experienced doctors and advanced medical support to handle urgent medical situations. #### How do I find the right doctor at SRM Prime Hospital? You can use our Find Doctors feature on the website to search by speciality, doctor name or medical condition. #### Will I receive an estimate of treatment cost before admission? Yes. Our team provides a transparent treatment estimate and expected hospital stay duration before admission whenever possible. #### Where is SRM Prime Hospital located and how can I reach it? SRM Prime Hospital is located at No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089. The hospital is easily accessible by road from all parts of Chennai. [MEDICAL EMERGENCY](tel:+914435003500) [FIND A DOCTOR](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors) OUR LOCATION --- # Specialities ## Specialities URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities Summary: SRM PRIME Hospital offers advanced healthcare across Cardiac Sciences, Orthopaedics, Neuroscience and 20+ specialities in Chennai. Precision Medicine & Compassionate Care in One Place Our Specialities ### Meeting Diverse Healthcare Needs with Specialised Expertise ##### Anaesthesiology Safe and effective pain management for surgical and critical care. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=aKhPI1sEaNFDdbyPwODx) ##### Cardiac Sciences Comprehensive heart care with advanced diagnostic and treatment solutions. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=oPIssnyjmeIlQQ73ZfWw) ##### Critical Care Medicine Advanced life support and intensive care for critically ill patients. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=deSqrBXGuP9jrUY6bwVc) ##### Dermatology Comprehensive skin care for all dermatological conditions. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=gE6jc0RowngepgbVRfCA) ##### Emergency Medicine Immediate care for urgent health needs. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=lxRrWh4aeZ26ogJPI6A3) ##### ENT Expert care for ear, nose, and throat conditions. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=Q6txJ3qre7VP1MK6oPUM) ##### General Medicine & Diabetology Holistic care for general health and diabetes management. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=Yqfd1iyRbpaCAeGOErHE) ##### General Surgery Expert surgical solutions for various medical conditions. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=dJ4FR6t0zE9gB0inKy0a) ##### Infectious Disease Specialised care for the prevention and treatment of infections. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=0DJWjS1UvwmsiQQobWfF) ##### Medical Gastro Advanced diagnosis and treatment for digestive disorders. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=EgsoB9fKALPUFVHFkzGr) ##### Nephrology Specialised kidney care and advanced treatment options. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=vDShj9oQCKI90GLs35jX) ##### Neuroscience Comprehensive brain & spine care at SRM Prime Hospital Ramapuram, Chennai — expert neurologists, neurosurgeons, 3T MRI, Neuro ICU & stroke thrombectomy care. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=hxNZrfHFjPR7vX5Xr6oL) ##### Obstetrics & Gynaecology Expert obstetrics & gynaecology care in Ramapuram, Chennai — high-risk pregnancy, delivery, laparoscopic surgery, PCOS, infertility & menopause at SRM Prime. 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[Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=dDIyZz96fbDhS5KSqo7Y) ##### Urology Expert care for kidney, bladder, and urinary tract conditions. [Meet the Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors?speciality=VAO7mpC5Fp4ykYN8PZAZ) ### Consult a Trusted Doctor ##### Get Expert Medical Guidance Tailored to Your Needs [Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us) [MEDICAL EMERGENCY](tel:+914435003500) [FIND A DOCTOR](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors) [OUR LOCATION](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us) ## Cardiac Sciences URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/cardiac-sciences Summary: Advanced heart care at SRM Prime — leading cardiology hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. Smart Cath Lab, expert cardiologists, angioplasty & bypass surgery. Comprehensive heart care with advanced diagnostic and treatment solutions. [Home](https://srmhospitals.com/)»[Specialities](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities) About Our Cardiac Sciences Department ### Comprehensive Heart Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Cardiac Sciences is built to deliver world-class heart care for patients across Chennai and Tamil Nadu. We are a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital — designed not just with the latest medical technology, but with a clear purpose: to make high-quality cardiac care accessible, affordable, and deeply personal. Our cardiology unit is led by seasoned interventional cardiologists with over 37 years of combined clinical experience. Whether you are visiting us for a routine heart check-up, managing a long-term cardiac condition, or seeking timely intervention for an acute episode — our team is equipped to evaluate, diagnose, and treat you with the precision and care you deserve. With a dedicated team, advanced imaging infrastructure including a Smart Cath Lab, 128 Slice CT, and 3T MRI, SRM Prime stands as one of the leading cardiac care hospitals in Chennai — offering accurate diagnosis, fast treatment, and excellent clinical outcomes. Meet the Doctors Why Choose Us ### Why Choose Srm Prime Hospital For Cardiac Care Experience world-class, patient-first care backed by advanced technology, expert specialists and a commitment to better outcomes. Experienced Interventional Cardiologists Specialists with 12–25+ years of clinical practice in coronary and interventional cardiology. Advanced Cardiac Imaging 128 Slice CT, 3T MRI, echocardiography, ECG, Holter, TMT, and stress echo — all under one roof. Evidence-Based Treatment Strict adherence to ACC/AHA/ESC international clinical guidelines. Smart Cath Lab State-of-the-art catheterisation laboratory for angiography, angioplasty, pacemaker implantation, and emergency cardiac procedures. 24/7 Emergency Cardiac Care Round-the-clock chest pain unit and cardiac ICU. Emergency line: 044 3500 3500. Insurance-Friendly Care Cashless hospitalisation supported for most major insurance providers. - **300+** Beds of Advanced Care - **30+** Medical Specialities - **7** Modular Operation Theatres ### Our Cardiac Sciences Specialists Consult experienced consultants for cardiac sciences at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Balamurugan S Consultant – Interventional Cardiology, Cardiac Sciences 12+ years of experience English • Tamil • Hindi 10:00 - 16:00 #### • Mon–Sat [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-balamurugan#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-balamurugan) ##### Dr. Balasubramanian P Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cardiac Sciences 25+ years of experience English • Tamil [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-balasubramanian#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-balasubramanian) ##### Dr. Shankar Geeniga M Senior Consultant – Cardiac Anesthesia, Cardiac Sciences 17+ years of experience 08:00 - 16:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-shankar-m-geeniga#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-shankar-m-geeniga) Key Highlights ### Specialised Cardiac Services A complete spectrum of medical and interventional cardiac care — personalised to each patient's needs. Interventional Cardiology Non-Invasive Cardiology & Diagnostics #### Coronary Angiography (CAG) — Gold Standard Diagnostic Test A minimally invasive procedure using X-ray imaging and contrast dye to visualise the inside of the coronary arteries — identifying the location, severity, and anatomy of any blockages. Provides the definitive roadmap for treatment decisions. Coronary Angioplasty & Stenting (PCI) — Opening Blocked Arteries Without Surgery Primary PCI for Heart Attack (STEMI) — Every Minute Counts Peripheral Angiography & Intervention — Vascular Care Beyond the Heart Conditions Explained #### Interventional Cardiology ##### Coronary Angioplasty & Stenting (PCI) — Opening Blocked Arteries Without Surgery A procedure to restore blood flow through a narrowed or blocked coronary artery. A tiny balloon inflates at the blockage site to widen the artery, and a drug-eluting stent (DES) is deployed to hold it open permanently. ##### Primary PCI for Heart Attack (STEMI) — Every Minute Counts Emergency angioplasty performed as the primary treatment for a STEMI — a heart attack caused by a completely blocked coronary artery. The goal is to restore blood flow as rapidly as possible, limiting permanent heart muscle damage. ##### Peripheral Angiography & Intervention — Vascular Care Beyond the Heart Angiography of blood vessels supplying the legs, kidneys, and other organs to identify and treat arterial blockages causing pain, reduced circulation, or tissue damage. #### Non-Invasive Cardiology & Diagnostics ##### 12-Lead ECG Records the heart's electrical signals using adhesive electrodes. First-line evaluation for chest pain, palpitations, breathlessness, dizziness, or fainting. Quick, painless, and completely non-invasive. Results available immediately. ##### Echocardiography (Echo) Ultrasound imaging of the heart's chambers, valves, walls, and surrounding structures in real-time. Assesses pumping function (ejection fraction), valve anatomy, pericardium, and structural defects. 20–30 minutes, completely painless. ##### 128 Slice CT (Cardiac CT) High-speed cardiac CT angiography for detailed anatomical imaging of the coronary arteries and cardiac structures. Enables early detection and accurate disease mapping without invasive procedures. ##### 3T MRI (Cardiac MRI) Advanced cardiac imaging providing superior soft tissue contrast for functional assessment, myocardial viability, cardiomyopathy evaluation, and complex structural analysis. ##### Holter Monitoring (24–48 hrs) A portable ECG recording device worn continuously during normal daily activities to capture every heartbeat over 24–48 hours — enabling detection of intermittent arrhythmias not visible on a standard resting ECG. ##### Treadmill Stress Test (TMT) Assesses how the heart responds to increasing physical demand. Identifies coronary artery disease through characteristic ECG changes (ST depression) that occur during exercise when the heart needs more blood than a narrowed artery can supply. ##### Stress Echocardiography Combines exercise or pharmacological stress (dobutamine) with echocardiographic imaging to reveal ischaemic segments — areas receiving insufficient blood during stress. More sensitive and specific than exercise ECG alone. ##### Cardiac Blood Tests High-sensitivity Troponin (heart attack marker), BNP/NT-proBNP (heart failure severity), Lipid Profile (cardiovascular risk), and Thyroid Function Tests — essential laboratory investigations for cardiac diagnosis and monitoring. ### Conditions We Commonly Treat Stable Angina — Chest Discomfort Triggered by Exertion What Is It? Stable angina occurs when the coronary arteries narrow due to a build-up of fatty plaque. During exertion, when the heart demands more blood, the narrowed artery cannot keep up — causing chest discomfort. Symptoms Chest tightness, pressure, or heaviness in the centre of the chest, often spreading to the left arm, jaw, or shoulder. Typically lasts a few minutes and resolves with rest or a nitrate spray. How We Treat It ECG, echocardiography, and stress testing to assess severity. Depending on findings: antianginal medications, risk factor modification, coronary angiography, and angioplasty or bypass surgery if needed. Unstable Angina — Chest Pain at Rest (Cardiac Emergency) Heart Attack — STEMI (Completely Blocked Coronary Artery — Medical Emergency) Heart Attack — NSTEMI (Partial Coronary Blockage — Still an Emergency) Load More Precise Diagnosis, Accurate Assessment — Comprehensive Heart Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram #### Unstable Angina — Chest Pain at Rest (Cardiac Emergency) **What it is:** Unstable angina is a more dangerous form where the coronary artery narrowing becomes severe or a plaque ruptures — causing chest pain at rest or minimal exertion. It often precedes a heart attack. **Symptoms:** Chest pain at rest or with minimal activity, occurring suddenly, lasting more than 15–20 minutes, not fully relieved by rest or nitrate medication. May be accompanied by sweating, nausea, or breathlessness. **Treatment:** Immediate admission, ECG monitoring, blood tests (troponin), and intravenous medications to stabilise. Urgent coronary angiography followed by angioplasty or bypass surgery as appropriate. #### Heart Attack — STEMI (Completely Blocked Coronary Artery — Medical Emergency) **What it is:** A STEMI occurs when a coronary artery becomes completely blocked due to a blood clot on a ruptured plaque. Blood supply to a portion of the heart muscle is cut off entirely, causing rapid, permanent damage. Time is critical. **Symptoms:** Severe, crushing chest pain lasting more than 20 minutes, often radiating to the left arm, jaw, or back. Accompanied by profuse sweating, nausea, vomiting, breathlessness, and a sense of impending doom. **Treatment:** Emergency primary angioplasty (Primary PCI) — our cath lab team is activated immediately to restore blood flow using a balloon and stent. Call 044 3500 3500 immediately. Every minute matters. #### Heart Attack — NSTEMI (Partial Coronary Blockage — Still an Emergency) **What it is:** In NSTEMI, the artery is not completely blocked but blood flow is severely reduced, causing injury to the heart muscle. Still a serious emergency requiring urgent hospital treatment. **Symptoms:** Chest pain or tightness at rest or with minimal activity, breathlessness, sweating, and fatigue. Blood tests (troponin) confirm heart muscle injury. **Treatment:** Admission, continuous monitoring, blood thinners, and antiplatelet medications. Coronary angiography within 24–72 hours followed by angioplasty, bypass surgery, or optimised medical therapy. #### Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) **What it is:** In HFrEF, the ejection fraction (EF) is below 40% — the heart is weak and cannot pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. Commonly caused by a previous heart attack, viral myocarditis, alcohol, or dilated cardiomyopathy. **Symptoms:** Breathlessness on exertion and at rest, inability to lie flat (orthopnoea), waking from sleep breathless (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea), ankle swelling, fatigue, and reduced exercise tolerance. **Treatment:** Guideline-directed medications: ACE inhibitors or ARNIs (sacubitril/valsartan), beta-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, and SGLT2 inhibitors. Diuretics to remove excess fluid. Heart failure clinic follow-up. #### Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) **What it is:** In HFpEF, the EF is above 50% but the heart muscle is stiff and cannot relax adequately between beats. More common in older patients with hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. **Symptoms:** Breathlessness on exertion, reduced exercise capacity, ankle swelling, and fatigue. Symptoms are often less dramatic than HFrEF but significantly impact quality of life. **Treatment:** Control of underlying conditions — blood pressure, heart rate, diabetes, and weight. Diuretics for symptom relief. SGLT2 inhibitors have shown benefit. Tailored exercise rehabilitation and dietary sodium restriction. #### Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) — Enlarged, Weakened Heart Muscle **What it is:** The heart muscle becomes weakened and the left ventricle enlarges and dilates. Causes include viral infections, alcohol, genetic factors, thyroid disease, pregnancy-related cardiomyopathy, and chemotherapy. **Symptoms:** Progressive breathlessness, extreme fatigue, ankle and abdominal swelling, palpitations, irregular heartbeat, and — in advanced cases — dizziness or near-fainting. **Treatment:** Treatment of the underlying cause where identified. Guideline-directed heart failure medications. Management of associated arrhythmias. Regular echocardiographic monitoring of cardiac function. #### Aortic Stenosis — Narrowing of the Heart's Main Outlet Valve **What it is:** The aortic valve becomes narrowed and stiff — usually due to calcium deposits with age or a bicuspid aortic valve. The narrowing forces the heart to work much harder to pump blood out. **Symptoms:** The classic triad: chest pain on exertion, breathlessness or fainting on exertion, and symptoms of heart failure. Many patients are asymptomatic for years before symptoms develop. **Treatment:** Echocardiography to assess severity. Mild-to-moderate stenosis is monitored. Severe symptomatic aortic stenosis requires valve replacement — surgically (SAVR) or via catheter-based TAVR in appropriate patients. #### Mitral Regurgitation — Leaking of the Mitral Valve **What it is:** The mitral valve does not close properly, allowing blood to leak backwards into the left atrium with each heartbeat. Causes include degenerative valve disease, rheumatic fever, heart attack damage, or infection. **Symptoms:** Breathlessness on exertion (often the earliest symptom), fatigue, palpitations, and — in severe cases — ankle swelling and breathlessness at rest. **Treatment:** Regular echocardiographic monitoring. Medical management. Surgery (valve repair or replacement) when regurgitation becomes severe or when there is evidence of cardiac enlargement or declining function. #### Mitral Stenosis — Narrowing Between the Upper and Lower Left Chambers **What it is:** Most commonly caused by rheumatic heart disease. The narrowed valve obstructs blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, causing pressure to build up in the left atrium and lungs. **Symptoms:** Breathlessness on exertion, reduced exercise tolerance, palpitations (often due to atrial fibrillation), and — in severe cases — breathlessness at rest. **Treatment:** Echocardiography to assess severity. Medical management of symptoms. Anticoagulation for AF. Balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) for suitable patients. Surgical valve replacement for others. #### Rheumatic Heart Disease — Valve Damage from Streptococcal Infections **What it is:** Results from rheumatic fever — triggered by untreated Group A streptococcal throat infections, most commonly in childhood. The inflammation permanently damages the heart valves — most often the mitral valve. One of the most common causes of valvular heart disease in India. **Symptoms:** Depends on which valves are affected. May include breathlessness, palpitations, reduced exercise tolerance, ankle swelling, and — in advanced disease — symptoms of heart failure. **Treatment:** Prevention of further streptococcal infection with monthly penicillin injections. Medical management. Anticoagulation if atrial fibrillation is present. Surgical or catheter-based intervention for severe valve lesions. #### Atrial Fibrillation (AF) — Irregular and Often Rapid Heart Rhythm **What it is:** In AF, normal organised electrical signals in the upper chambers are replaced by chaotic, disorganised activity. The ventricles respond irregularly, producing the characteristic irregular pulse. AF is associated with increased stroke risk. Risk factors include age, hypertension, valvular disease, thyroid dysfunction, and alcohol. **Symptoms:** Palpitations — a rapid, irregular heartbeat. Breathlessness, fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, dizziness, and lightheadedness. Some patients have no symptoms at all. **Treatment:** Rate control, rhythm control, and anticoagulation to reduce stroke risk. Radiofrequency ablation for eligible patients with symptomatic, recurrent AF. #### Heart Block — Delay or Interruption in the Heart's Electrical Conduction System **What it is:** In heart block, the electrical signals that make the heart contract in a coordinated fashion are delayed or completely blocked. Complete (third-degree) heart block relies on a slow escape rhythm — causing dizziness, fainting, and potentially cardiac arrest. **Symptoms:** Dizziness, fainting or near-fainting (syncope), extreme fatigue, breathlessness, and — in complete heart block — loss of consciousness. **Treatment:** First-degree block: monitoring only. Complete heart block: permanent pacemaker implantation is the definitive treatment. Pacemaker implantation is performed by our experienced cardiologists at SRM Prime. #### Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) — Episodes of Sudden Rapid Heart Rate **What it is:** SVT is characterised by sudden onset rapid heart rate — typically 150–250 beats per minute — originating in or above the AV node. The most common form is AVNRT, where an extra electrical circuit causes the signal to loop repeatedly. **Symptoms:** Sudden onset of a very fast, regular heartbeat. May be accompanied by chest tightness, breathlessness, dizziness, and neck pounding. Episodes start and stop abruptly. **Treatment:** Vagal manoeuvres or medications for acute episodes. For frequent or disabling SVT, electrophysiology study and radiofrequency ablation offers a highly effective cure. #### Hypertensive Heart Disease — Heart Damage from Long-Standing High Blood Pressure **What it is:** Sustained high blood pressure forces the heart to work harder with every beat. Over years, this causes the left ventricle wall to thicken (LVH) and the heart muscle to stiffen — eventually leading to heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease. **Treatment:** Tight blood pressure control with appropriate antihypertensive medications. Lifestyle modification — dietary sodium restriction, regular physical activity, weight management. Echocardiographic monitoring to assess regression of LVH with treatment. #### Diabetic Cardiomyopathy — Heart Muscle Damage Caused by Diabetes **What it is:** Diabetes accelerates coronary artery disease, damages small blood vessels supplying the heart muscle, and causes direct metabolic injury to cardiac cells — leading to a stiff heart with gradually declining function, even in the absence of significant coronary disease. **Symptoms:** Breathlessness on exertion, fatigue, reduced exercise capacity. Diabetic patients may also experience silent ischaemia — heart attacks without chest pain — due to diabetic neuropathy. **Treatment:** Optimisation of diabetes control. Cardiovascular risk factor management. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists have demonstrated significant cardiovascular benefit in diabetic patients with heart failure risk. ### Advanced Cardiac Diagnostics At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Cardiac Sciences offers complete diagnostic and assessment services for coronary, structural, and rhythm-related heart conditions, all under one roof. Catheter-Based Diagnosis & Intervention Coronary angiography (CAG) in our Smart Cath Lab — the gold standard for identifying the location, severity, and anatomy of coronary blockages. Peripheral and renal angiography for blocked limb and kidney vessels, with angioplasty and stenting performed in the same session where indicated. Cross-Sectional Imaging 128 Slice CT for high-speed cardiac CT angiography and detailed coronary anatomy assessment. 3T MRI for myocardial viability, cardiomyopathy evaluation, and complex structural analysis — enabling accurate disease mapping without invasive procedures. Echocardiography & Stress Assessment 2D/3D echocardiography with Doppler for real-time assessment of chambers, valves, pericardium, and ejection fraction. Treadmill stress testing (TMT) and stress echocardiography to reveal ischaemic segments under exercise or pharmacological stress. Rhythm Monitoring & Cardiac Blood Tests 12-lead ECG, Holter monitoring (24–48 hrs), and ambulatory blood pressure recording for detection of intermittent arrhythmias. Electrophysiology studies to map the heart's electrical system. High-sensitivity Troponin, BNP/NT-proBNP, lipid profile, and thyroid function tests. ### Our cardiac emergency team is available around the clock. Call 044 3500 3500 immediately for any cardiac emergency. Call [044 3500 3500](tel:044 3500 3500) Call immediately for any cardiac emergency. 24×7 Chest Pain Unit Immediate thrombolysis and stabilisation Rapid Heart Attack Management Emergency Primary PCI — cath lab activated immediately Cardiac ICU (CICU) with advanced monitoring Continuous ECG, blood pressure and saturation monitoring [SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram](https://maps.app.goo.gl/gfubXDK8kPEx54Lr6) Mon–Sat | OPD: 09:00 AM – 04:00 PM [srmhospitals.com](https://srmhospitals.com) ### Treatments #### Heart Failure and Preventive Cardiology Managing heart failure and preventing future complications is an important part of cardiac care. SRM Prime Hospital provides: - Heart failure management programs - Risk factor and lifestyle evaluation - Cholesterol and hypertension management - Cardiac rehabilitation programs This preventive approach helps patients maintain long-term heart health through the hospital’s experienced cardiology department in a hospital environment. #### Electrophysiology & Heart Rhythm Disorders Heart rhythm disorders can significantly affect quality of life. The hospital provides specialized evaluation and treatment for rhythm conditions including: - Arrhythmia evaluation - Electrophysiology studies - Radiofrequency ablation - Device therapy for rhythm correction These services make the hospital a comprehensive heart hospital in Chennai for both structural and rhythm-related heart conditions. #### Emergency Cardiac Care Heart emergencies require immediate medical attention. SRM Prime Hospital provides rapid response cardiac care through: - 24×7 Chest Pain Unit - Rapid Heart Attack Management - Cardiac ICU with advanced monitoring - Immediate thrombolysis and stabilization These emergency services strengthen the hospital’s role as a dependable cardiology hospital in Chennai for critical heart care. #### Non-Invasive Cardiology Non-invasive diagnostics are essential for early detection of heart disease. Services include: - 2D and 3D Echocardiogram - Stress Echocardiography - ECG, TMT and Holter Monitoring - Cardiac CT (128 Slice) - Cardiac MRI (3T) Patients seeking advanced heart testing can rely on this heart hospital in Chennai for accurate and comprehensive cardiac evaluation. #### Interventional Cardiology The hospital offers advanced minimally invasive cardiac procedures such as: - Coronary Angiogram - Coronary Angioplasty (Stent procedure) - Primary Angioplasty for Heart Attack - Pacemaker, ICD and CRT Device Implantation - Peripheral and Renal Angioplasty - Balloon Mitral Valvotomy These treatments help patients recover faster while receiving care from an experienced cardiology hospital in Chennai. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see a cardiologist at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our cardiologists — Dr. Balamurugan. S or Dr. Balasubramanian P — by calling 044 3545 3545 or booking online at www.srmhospitals.com. #### Does SRM Prime have a Cath Lab? Yes, we have a state-of-the-art Smart Cath Lab for angiogram, angioplasty, pacemaker implantation, ICD implantation, balloon valvotomy, and emergency cardiac procedures. #### What cardiac scans are available at SRM Prime Hospital? We offer 128 Slice CT cardiac angiography, 3T MRI-based cardiac imaging, 2D/3D echocardiography, ECG, TMT, Holter monitoring, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring — all under one roof. #### Is coronary angiography painful? Do I need to be put to sleep? Coronary angiography is not painful. It is performed under local anaesthesia — you will be awake throughout the procedure. You may feel a brief sting when the local anaesthetic is injected at the wrist, and a warm flushing sensation when contrast dye is injected. The procedure typically takes 30–60 minutes and most patients go home the same day. #### What heart conditions can be treated without open surgery? Many conditions can be treated using minimally invasive catheter-based procedures — including blocked coronary arteries (angioplasty and stenting), certain arrhythmias (radiofrequency ablation), mitral stenosis (balloon valvotomy), and slow heart rhythms (pacemaker implantation). Our cardiologists will advise on the most appropriate approach for your specific condition. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have a 24/7 cardiac emergency service? Yes. Our cardiac emergency line — 044 3500 3500 — is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you or someone with you is experiencing severe chest pain, breathlessness, or collapse, call immediately. Our emergency team is equipped to initiate rapid assessment and activate our Smart Cath Lab for emergency procedures including primary PCI for heart attacks. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital perform heart transplant surgeries? No, SRM Prime Hospital does not perform heart transplant surgeries. However, we provide comprehensive evaluation and advanced cardiac care for most heart conditions — including coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and complex arrhythmias. #### Can I get a second opinion on my cardiac condition at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on a cardiac diagnosis, angiography report, or proposed procedure. Our cardiologists will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person — call 044 3545 3545 to schedule. ## Neuroscience URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/neuroscience Summary: Expert brain, spine & stroke care at SRM Prime — the trusted neurology hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. 3T MRI, Neuro ICU & 24×7 stroke thrombectomy care. Comprehensive brain & spine care at SRM Prime Hospital Ramapuram, Chennai — expert neurologists, neurosurgeons, 3T MRI, Neuro ICU & stroke thrombectomy care. About Our Neuroscience Department ### Advanced Brain & Spine Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, our Department of Neuro Sciences is built to deliver comprehensive, world-class neurological and neurosurgical care for patients across Chennai and Tamil Nadu. We are a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital — designed with a clear purpose: to make high-quality brain and spine care accessible, affordable, and compassionate. Our Neuro Sciences department brings together six dedicated specialists across neurology, neurosurgery, neuroimaging, and neuro-otology — offering the full spectrum of care under one roof. From diagnosing complex seizure and movement disorders to performing minimally invasive brain surgery and skull base procedures, our team is equipped to handle every level of neurological complexity. With a 3T MRI, advanced neuroimaging, a dedicated Neuro ICU, and a Neuro Cath Lab, SRM Prime Hospital offers the diagnostic depth and clinical infrastructure needed to achieve accurate, timely diagnoses and superior treatment outcomes — right in the heart of Ramapuram. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Brain & Spine Care An experienced, multidisciplinary neuro team with advanced technology and infrastructure — right in your neighbourhood. Six dedicated specialists, advanced neuroimaging, a Neuro ICU and Neuro Cath Lab, all under one roof. 3T MRI & Advanced Neuroimaging High-field 3T MRI, neurophysiology lab, and video-EEG monitoring lab for precise brain and spine diagnostics. Dedicated Neuro ICU Specialised intensive care for critically ill neurological and post-operative neurosurgical patients, with continuous monitoring. Neuro Cath Lab Endovascular neurointerventional procedures — clot retrieval for stroke, aneurysm coiling, AVM treatment — in our dedicated Neuro Cath Lab. Minimally Invasive Neurosurgery Functional, endoscopic, and minimally invasive techniques for brain tumours, hydrocephalus, spine conditions, and skull base disorders. 24/7 Emergency Neuro Care Stroke response, trauma neurosurgery, and emergency neuro critical care around the clock. Emergency line: 044 3500 3500. Top Procedures & Treatments ### Neuro Sciences Procedures & Treatments Every procedure is explained clearly to patients and families before it takes place. We recommend only what is clinically appropriate for your specific condition — across neurosurgery and endovascular neurointervention. Neurosurgery Endovascular (Neuro Cath Lab) Epilepsy Surgery #### Craniotomy for Brain Tumour ##### What is it? A craniotomy is the most common surgical procedure for brain tumour removal. A portion of the skull (bone flap) is temporarily removed to access the brain tumour, which is then resected using microsurgical and neuro-navigation techniques. The bone flap is replaced and secured at the end of the procedure. The extent of tumour removal (gross total, subtotal, or biopsy) depends on the tumour's location, proximity to eloquent brain areas, and tumour type. ##### Why is it done? For primary brain tumours (gliomas, meningiomas, metastases) that are causing symptoms, have grown on serial imaging, or require histopathological diagnosis to guide further treatment. For tumours in eloquent areas (speech, motor), awake craniotomy may be performed. ##### How is it done? Under general anaesthesia (or awake sedation for awake craniotomy). Neuro-navigation (GPS-like imaging guidance) is used to locate the tumour precisely. Operating microscope and intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring are used throughout. The tumour is removed with brain tissue sparing techniques. Intraoperative ultrasound or MRI may be used to assess the extent of resection. ##### Duration 3–8 hours depending on tumour size and location. ##### Recovery ICU monitoring for 24–48 hours. Dexamethasone (steroid) to reduce brain swelling. Hospital stay of 4–7 days. Follow-up MRI within 72 hours to assess extent of resection. Tissue is sent for histopathology — results guide the need for radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Awake Craniotomy Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) VP Shunt / Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy (ETV) Spine Surgery (Discectomy & Fusion) Conditions Commonly Treated ### Neurological Conditions We Diagnose & Treat Our neuro team evaluates and manages the full range of neurological and neurosurgical conditions — from first-time seizures and severe headaches to complex brain tumours and spinal cord disorders. Ischaemic StrokeEmergency An ischaemic stroke occurs when a blood clot or embolus blocks a blood vessel supplying the brain, cutting off oxygen and nutrients to a region of brain tissue. Brain cells begin to die within minutes. There are two main types: thrombotic stroke (clot forms in a brain artery, often from atherosclerosis) and embolic stroke (clot forms elsewhere — usually the heart in AF — and travels to the brain). Sudden facial drooping (one side), arm weakness (one side), slurred or absent speech. Also: sudden severe headache, vision loss in one or both eyes, sudden loss of balance or coordination. Remember BEFAST — Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time.. Emergency clot-dissolving medication (IV thrombolysis) if within the treatment window. Mechanical thrombectomy — a catheter-based procedure through our Neuro Cath Lab to physically remove the clot — for large vessel occlusions. Stroke unit care with continuous monitoring, physiotherapy, speech therapy, and secondary prevention to reduce the risk of a second stroke. When to seek care A stroke is a medical emergency. Call 044 3500 3500 immediately. Do not wait and observe. Every minute without treatment causes approximately 1.9 million brain cells to die. The earlier treatment begins, the better the outcome. Haemorrhagic Stroke & Intracranial HaemorrhageEmergency Brain Aneurysm (Unruptured)Cerebrovascular Epilepsy & Seizure DisordersSeizure Disorder #### Haemorrhagic Stroke & Intracranial Haemorrhage **What it is:** Haemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in or around the brain ruptures, causing bleeding into the brain tissue (intracerebral haemorrhage — ICH) or the space surrounding the brain (subarachnoid haemorrhage — SAH, most commonly from a ruptured aneurysm). The bleeding causes direct brain damage and increased intracranial pressure. When to seek care: Any sudden, severe 'thunderclap' headache is a medical emergency — call 044 3500 3500 immediately. Rapid CT confirms the diagnosis. **Symptoms:** Sudden, extremely severe headache ('the worst headache of my life' — characteristic of SAH), often with neck stiffness, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. ICH causes sudden focal neurological deficits — weakness, speech difficulty, vision changes — rapidly worsening over minutes to hours. **Treatment:** Emergency CT brain and CT angiography to identify the source of bleeding. For SAH from a ruptured aneurysm: endovascular coiling (through our Neuro Cath Lab) or surgical clipping to secure the aneurysm. For large ICH: surgical evacuation in selected patients. Neuro ICU monitoring. Blood pressure management and prevention of rebleeding. #### Brain Aneurysm (Unruptured) **Symptoms:** Usually no symptoms. Occasionally, a large or rapidly growing aneurysm may compress adjacent nerves, causing a drooping eyelid, double vision, or pain around or above the eye. **Treatment:** Multidisciplinary neurovascular team decision (neurosurgeon and neurointerventionalist). Options include: watchful observation with serial imaging (for small, low-risk aneurysms), endovascular coiling through our Neuro Cath Lab, or surgical clipping. Aneurysm risk factor modification — blood pressure control and smoking cessation. #### Epilepsy & Seizure Disorders **Symptoms:** Seizure types vary widely: generalised tonic-clonic (convulsive) seizures with loss of consciousness and shaking; absence seizures — brief staring episodes with loss of awareness; focal aware seizures — an unusual sensation, smell, or emotional feeling without loss of consciousness; focal impaired awareness seizures — confusion, automatic movements, and loss of awareness. After a seizure, patients are often confused, tired, and may have no memory of the event. **Treatment:** EEG (electroencephalogram) to characterise seizure type and localise seizure onset. MRI brain to identify any structural cause. Antiseizure medication (ASM) — the majority of patients achieve seizure freedom with one or two medications. For drug-resistant epilepsy (failure of two or more adequate medications): epilepsy surgery evaluation, video-EEG monitoring in our lab, and — in suitable candidates — resective surgery or neuromodulation. #### Parkinson's Disease & Movement Disorders **Symptoms:** The four cardinal features: tremor at rest (often begins in one hand — 'pill-rolling' tremor), rigidity (stiffness of limbs and trunk), bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability (balance problems in later stages). Non-motor symptoms are equally important: sleep disturbances, constipation, depression, anxiety, reduced sense of smell, and cognitive changes. **Treatment:** Levodopa and dopamine agonists — the cornerstone of pharmacological treatment, providing excellent symptom control especially in early stages. Medication timing and dose optimisation by a specialist neurologist. For carefully selected patients with motor fluctuations or disabling tremor not adequately controlled by medication: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) — a neurosurgical procedure performed by our neurosurgery team. #### Essential Tremor **Symptoms:** A rhythmic shaking or trembling of the hands during action or holding postures. Head tremor (a 'no-no' or 'yes-yes' movement). Voice tremor. Symptoms worsen with anxiety, caffeine, and fatigue. Many patients find temporary improvement with small amounts of alcohol. **Treatment:** Beta-blockers (propranolol) and primidone are the first-line medications. Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections for head or voice tremor. For severe, medication-refractory essential tremor: Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) targeting the thalamus or focused ultrasound thalamotomy. #### Migraine **Symptoms:** Moderate-to-severe throbbing or pulsating head pain, usually one-sided. Nausea and vomiting. Sensitivity to light (photophobia) and sound (phonophobia). Aura symptoms in some patients — visual zigzag lines, blind spots, sensory tingling, or speech difficulty. Fatigue and 'brain fog' for 24–48 hours after the headache ('migraine hangover'). **Treatment:** Acute treatment — triptans (sumatriptan, rizatriptan) for moderate-to-severe attacks; NSAIDs for mild attacks. Preventive treatment for frequent migraine — beta-blockers, topiramate, amitriptyline, or CGRP monoclonal antibodies (for eligible patients). Botulinum toxin (Botox) injections every 12 weeks for chronic migraine (15 or more headache days per month). Lifestyle triggers identification and management. #### Dementia (including Alzheimer's Disease) **Symptoms:** Early stage: forgetting recent conversations or events, repeating questions, getting lost in familiar places, difficulty with complex tasks (finances, cooking), personality or mood changes. Moderate stage: significant memory loss, confusion, increasing dependence on caregivers. Advanced stage: loss of ability to communicate, total dependence for personal care. **Treatment:** Comprehensive cognitive assessment (neuropsychological testing), brain MRI, blood tests to exclude treatable causes (thyroid, B12, folate, syphilis). Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine) and memantine for Alzheimer's disease. Management of vascular risk factors in vascular dementia. Multidisciplinary support — neurologist, social worker, and caregiver education and support. #### Peripheral Neuropathy **Symptoms:** Numbness, tingling, or burning sensations — typically starting in the feet and gradually moving upwards ('stocking and glove' distribution). Weakness — difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or gripping objects. Pain — burning, stabbing, or electric shock-like pains, often worse at night. Autonomic symptoms (in some types) — dizziness on standing, bladder problems, and abnormal sweating. **Treatment:** Nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) to characterise the type and severity of neuropathy. Treatment of the underlying cause — blood sugar optimisation in diabetics, B12 replacement, immunotherapy for CIDP. Symptomatic treatment for neuropathic pain — pregabalin, gabapentin, duloxetine, or amitriptyline. Physiotherapy and fall prevention strategies. #### Brain Tumours (Primary & Metastatic) **Symptoms:** New or worsening headaches — especially on waking, or associated with vomiting. Seizures in a person with no prior epilepsy history. Progressive weakness, numbness, or speech difficulty on one side of the body. Vision changes. Personality or behaviour changes. Symptoms may develop gradually (weeks to months) for slow-growing tumours or rapidly for aggressive or large tumours. **Treatment:** MRI brain with contrast to characterise the tumour. Multidisciplinary neuro-oncology team discussion. Surgical resection — our neurosurgeons perform minimally invasive craniotomy, awake surgery for tumours in eloquent areas (speech, motor), and endoscopic approaches. Post-operative histopathology determines the need for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Skull base tumours are managed by our dedicated skull base surgery team. #### Lumbar Disc Herniation (Slipped Disc) **Symptoms:** Lower back pain with radiation of pain, numbness, or tingling down one or both legs (sciatica) — typically following the path of the compressed nerve. Pain often worsens with sitting, coughing, sneezing, or straining. Weakness of the foot or ankle (foot drop) in severe cases. **Treatment:** MRI lumbar spine to confirm the disc level and degree of nerve compression. Conservative management for most patients — physiotherapy, pain management, and activity modification. Epidural steroid injection for refractory radicular pain. Surgical discectomy (minimally invasive, microsurgical) when neurological deficits are present or conservative management fails. #### Cervical Spondylosis & Cervical Myelopathy **Symptoms:** Neck pain and stiffness. Arm pain, numbness, or tingling radiating from the neck into the shoulder, arm, or fingers (radiculopathy). In myelopathy: difficulty with fine hand movements (dropping objects, difficulty with buttons), unsteady gait, weakness in the legs, and — in advanced cases — bladder or bowel dysfunction **Treatment:** MRI cervical spine to assess degree and level of cord and nerve root compression. Neurophysiological studies (NCS, EMG, SSEP) to evaluate cord function. For radiculopathy: physiotherapy, analgesia, cervical collar. For myelopathy: surgical decompression — anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or posterior laminoplasty — to prevent further deterioration. #### Hydrocephalus **Symptoms:** In infants: rapidly increasing head circumference, bulging fontanelle (soft spot), downward gaze ('sunset sign'), irritability, and poor feeding. In older children and adults: headaches (worst in the morning), nausea, vomiting, blurred or double vision, impaired coordination, cognitive decline, and — in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) — the classic triad of gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment. **Treatment:** Brain MRI or CT to confirm ventricular enlargement. For obstructive hydrocephalus: endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) — creating an internal bypass for CSF flow. For communicating hydrocephalus: ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt — a thin tube implanted to drain excess CSF from the brain into the abdomen. Both procedures are performed by our paediatric neurosurgery team for children and our adult neurosurgeons for adults. #### Multiple Sclerosis (MS) **Symptoms:** Symptoms depend on the location of the plaques. Common presentations: sudden visual loss or blurred vision in one eye (optic neuritis), double vision, weakness or numbness of one or more limbs, sensory disturbances, coordination problems, bladder dysfunction, fatigue, and cognitive difficulties. Symptoms may come and go (relapses) or progressively worsen. **Treatment:** High-dose IV methylprednisolone for acute relapses to shorten recovery. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) — interferons, glatiramer acetate, natalizumab, ocrelizumab — to reduce relapse frequency and slow disability progression. Symptomatic treatment for spasticity, bladder dysfunction, fatigue, and depression. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation. #### Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV) **Symptoms:** Brief episodes of intense spinning sensation — lasting typically 30 seconds to 1 minute — triggered by specific head movements: rolling over in bed, lying down, sitting up, or looking up. Nausea may accompany the vertigo. No hearing loss or tinnitus. **Treatment:** The Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre confirms the diagnosis by provoking the characteristic nystagmus (eye movements). Treatment: the Epley repositioning manoeuvre — a highly effective, non-invasive head movement procedure performed by our neuro-otology specialist to move the crystals back to their correct position. Most patients experience significant improvement after one or two sessions. #### Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma) **Symptoms:** Progressive unilateral (one-sided) sensorineural hearing loss — often first noticed as difficulty hearing on the telephone with one ear. Tinnitus (ringing) in the affected ear. Unsteadiness or balance difficulties. Facial numbness or weakness (in larger tumours). **Treatment:** Multidisciplinary evaluation by our neuro-otology and neurosurgery team. Options based on tumour size, patient age, and hearing status: observation with serial MRI (for small, incidental tumours in older patients), microsurgical tumour removal (our skull base surgery team), or stereotactic radiosurgery (Gamma Knife / CyberKnife). Hearing rehabilitation including hearing aids for post-treatment hearing loss. #### Spinal Care & Neurotrauma Our spine team handles disc herniation, spinal stenosis, spondylosis, spinal cord injuries, and trauma with a focus on pain relief, mobility restoration, and post-surgical rehab. #### Movement Disorders & Parkinson’s Disease From medication management to deep brain stimulation (DBS), we offer progressive solutions for tremors, rigidity, and other motor control issues related to movement disorders. #### Epilepsy & Seizure Care Patients with refractory epilepsy are evaluated for surgical and non-surgical treatment options, including advanced diagnostics like video EEG monitoring and neurostimulation therapy. #### Brain & Spine Tumor Treatments We provide precise, multidisciplinary treatment plans for benign and malignant tumors involving the brain or spinal cord, often utilizing micro-neurosurgery and radiosurgery techniques. #### Advanced Neurosurgery Minimally invasive and complex neurosurgical procedures are performed with the support of: - Image-guided navigation systems - Operating microscopes - Specialized neurosurgical suites - Awake craniotomy techniques for functional brain preservation #### Stroke Management & Rapid Response Care Our dedicated stroke unit ensures time-sensitive evaluation and treatment for ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. We prioritize immediate care to prevent disability and enhance recovery potential. ## Orthopaedics URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/orthopaedics Summary: Expert orthopaedic care in Ramapuram, Chennai — joint replacement, arthroscopy, trauma care, sports medicine & spine surgery by specialists at SRM Prime Hospital. Comprehensive bone, joint, and spine care. About Our Orthopaedics Department ### Comprehensive Bone, Joint & Spine Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Orthopaedics Department is dedicated to restoring movement, relieving pain, and enabling patients to return to an active, independent life. As one of the most comprehensive orthopaedic hospitals in Chennai, we combine the expertise of senior orthopaedic surgeons with state-of-the-art diagnostic technology and structured rehabilitation — bringing together everything patients need under one roof. Our orthopaedics team brings a combined experience of over 52 years of specialist clinical expertise spanning joint replacement surgery, arthroscopy, trauma and fracture management, sports medicine, shoulder and upper limb surgery, and spine care. Whether you are dealing with a sports injury, recovering from a road accident, struggling with arthritis pain, or requiring a complex joint replacement, our specialists have the surgical skill, diagnostic depth, and patient-first approach to guide you through every stage of your care. From accurate diagnosis and conservative management through to minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery, total joint replacement, and post-operative physiotherapy rehabilitation — SRM Prime Hospital's Orthopaedics Department delivers a complete, patient-centred spectrum of musculoskeletal services, all within your community in western Chennai. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Orthopaedic Care Expert Orthopaedic Team with 52+ Combined Years Three dedicated orthopaedic consultants — each specialising in distinct sub-disciplines — ensuring that every patient is matched to the surgeon with the most relevant expertise for their condition. Full-Spectrum Joint Replacement Surgery Primary and revision total knee replacement, total hip replacement, shoulder arthroplasty, and elbow joint surgery — performed by fellowship-trained, internationally qualified surgeons. Advanced Arthroscopy & Sports Medicine Minimally invasive arthroscopic procedures for knee, shoulder, and other joints — enabling precise diagnosis and treatment of ligament tears, cartilage damage, and rotator cuff injuries with faster recovery. On-Site Advanced Diagnostic Imaging Digital X-ray, CT scan, 3T MRI, musculoskeletal ultrasound, and DEXA bone density scanning — all coordinated by our orthopaedic team for accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. Comprehensive Trauma & Fracture Care Round-the-clock emergency orthopaedic care for fractures, dislocations, road traffic accidents, and acute sports injuries — including surgical fixation, ORIF, and complex periarticular fracture management. Structured Rehabilitation & Physiotherapy Tailored post-surgical and non-surgical physiotherapy programmes to restore strength, flexibility, and functional independence — guided by clinical protocols from initial recovery to return-to-sport. ### Meet Our Orthopaedics Team Our Orthopaedics Department is led by three highly experienced consultants whose combined expertise spans over five decades of clinical, academic, and surgical practice across joint replacement surgery, arthroscopy, trauma care, sports medicine, shoulder surgery, and reconstructive orthopaedics. Each specialist is trained at the highest national and international levels — ensuring patients receive world-class orthopaedic care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Mohan G Senior Consultant – Orthopaedics 25+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-g-mohan#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-g-mohan) ##### Dr. Mohan K C 16+ years of experience English • Tamil • Telugu 10:00 - 15:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-k-c-mohan#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-k-c-mohan) ##### Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar Consultant – Orthopaedics 11+ years of experience English • Tamil • Hindi 09:00 - 18:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-nikhil-jawaharlal-nahar#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-nikhil-jawaharlal-nahar) ### Specialised Orthopaedic Services Complete musculoskeletal care - from conservative treatment to joint replacement and rehabilitation. Joint Replacement Surgery — Arthroplasty Services Arthroscopy (Keyhole Surgery) Services Sports Medicine Services Trauma & Fracture Management Spine Care Services General Orthopaedic Services #### Total Knee Replacement (TKR) Complete resurfacing of damaged knee joint surfaces — femur, tibia, and patella — using metal and polyethylene implants. Indicated for advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and post-traumatic arthritis. Both primary and complex revision procedures performed. Partial (Unicompartmental) Knee Replacement Total Hip Replacement (THR) Shoulder Arthroplasty Elbow Arthroplasty Revision Joint Replacement #### Joint Replacement Surgery — Arthroplasty Services ##### Partial (Unicompartmental) Knee Replacement Conservative joint-preserving knee replacement for isolated medial, lateral, or patellofemoral compartment arthritis. Smaller incision, faster recovery, and better proprioception compared to total knee replacement — for carefully selected patients. ##### Total Hip Replacement (THR) Resurfacing of the femoral head and acetabulum using stem, cup, and bearing surface implants. Indicated for hip osteoarthritis, avascular necrosis, hip fractures, and dysplasia. Primary and revision procedures, including complex reconstruction with bone grafting. ##### Shoulder Arthroplasty Total shoulder replacement and reverse total shoulder replacement for glenohumeral arthritis, rotator cuff arthropathy, complex proximal humerus fractures, and failed previous shoulder surgery. Both anatomical (TSR) and reverse geometry (RTSA) implant systems available. ##### Elbow Arthroplasty Total elbow replacement for advanced rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, and complex distal humerus fractures — particularly in elderly patients where fixation is not feasible. ##### Revision Joint Replacement Complex revision of failed primary knee, hip, and shoulder replacements — addressing aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fractures, instability, infection, and component malpositioning. Supported by advanced pre-operative CT-based planning and augment / stem implant systems. #### Arthroscopy (Keyhole Surgery) Services ##### Knee Arthroscopy — ACL Reconstruction Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using autograft (hamstring or patellar tendon) or allograft — restoring knee stability for patients with sports injuries and chronic instability. PCL, posterolateral corner, and multi-ligament reconstruction also performed. ##### Knee Arthroscopy — Meniscal Procedures Arthroscopic meniscal repair and partial meniscectomy for medial and lateral meniscal tears — preserving meniscal tissue wherever possible. Complex root tear repair and meniscal transplant assessment also available. ##### Knee Arthroscopy — Cartilage & Patella Microfracture, chondroplasty, and autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) planning for chondral defects. Lateral release and tibial tubercle transfer for patellofemoral instability and chondromalacia. ##### Shoulder Arthroscopy — Rotator Cuff Repair Arthroscopic repair of partial and full-thickness rotator cuff tears — supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis. Single-row, double-row, and transosseous-equivalent (SpeedBridge) repair techniques. Subacromial decompression (acromioplasty) and ACJ excision (Mumford procedure). ##### Shoulder Arthroscopy — Instability Arthroscopic Bankart repair and capsulorrhaphy for anterior and multidirectional glenohumeral instability. Hill-Sachs remplissage for engaging Hill-Sachs lesions. SLAP repair for superior labral tears in athletes. ##### Ankle Arthroscopy Arthroscopic management of anterior ankle impingement, osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), ankle instability (Brostrom repair), and synovitis. Both anterior and posterior ankle arthroscopy performed. ##### Hip Arthroscopy Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) — cam and pincer deformities — labral repair and reconstruction, and chondral lesion management in the hip joint. #### Sports Medicine Services ##### Ligament & Tendon Injuries Assessment and management of all major ligament injuries — knee (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL), ankle (ATFL, CFL), shoulder (AC joint), and elbow (UCL). Conservative management with bracing and physiotherapy or surgical reconstruction depending on severity and patient profile. ##### Muscle & Soft Tissue Injuries Hamstring tears, quadriceps and patellar tendon ruptures, calf muscle injuries, and Achilles tendon ruptures — managed with evidence-based conservative protocols or surgical repair as clinically indicated. ##### Overuse & Stress Injuries Diagnosis and management of stress fractures (tibial, metatarsal, femoral neck), medial tibial stress syndrome, tendinopathies (patellar, Achilles, rotator cuff, lateral epicondyle), and bursitis. ##### Return-to-Sport Rehabilitation Structured return-to-sport (RTS) programmes following surgery or injury — incorporating progressive loading protocols, neuromuscular control training, sport-specific conditioning, and objective RTS criteria testing. #### Trauma & Fracture Management ##### Long Bone Fracture Fixation Intramedullary nailing (IMN) for femoral shaft, tibial shaft, and humeral shaft fractures. Closed reduction and internal fixation — minimising soft tissue disruption and enabling early mobilisation. ##### Periarticular Fracture Surgery Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for distal femur, tibial plateau, proximal tibia, proximal humerus, distal radius, acetabulum, and calcaneum fractures — using locking plate and screw constructs. ##### Pelvic & Acetabular Fractures Assessment and surgical fixation of pelvic ring injuries and acetabular fractures — coordinated with vascular surgery and intensive care for haemodynamically unstable polytrauma patients. ##### Polytrauma Management Coordinated damage control orthopaedics (DCO) for road traffic accident victims and polytrauma patients — external fixation, provisional stabilisation, and definitive fixation staged to overall clinical condition. ##### Fractures in the Elderly Management of fragility fractures — hip fractures (neck of femur, intertrochanteric), distal radius fractures, vertebral compression fractures — with orthogeriatric co-management and early mobilisation protocols. #### Spine Care Services ##### Cervical Disc Disease & Neck Pain Assessment and management of cervical disc prolapse, cervical spondylosis, and cervical myelopathy — including conservative management with physiotherapy and selective nerve root injections. Surgical referral co-ordination for decompression and fusion where indicated. ##### Lumbar Disc Disease & Sciatica Diagnosis and non-surgical management of lumbar disc herniation, sciatica, and lumbar spondylosis — physiotherapy protocols, epidural steroid injections, and activity modification. MRI-guided clinical decision-making for surgical referral. ##### Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Assessment of neurogenic claudication from lumbar canal stenosis — conservative management and surgical referral for spinal decompression (laminectomy) when indicated. ##### Spinal Deformity Assessment Clinical and radiological assessment of scoliosis and kyphosis — including Cobb angle measurement, bracing for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and surgical referral for progressive curves. #### General Orthopaedic Services ##### Osteoporosis & Bone Health Bone density assessment (DEXA), fracture risk evaluation (FRAX), and management of osteoporosis — including pharmacological treatment (bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide), calcium and vitamin D supplementation, and fall prevention counselling. ##### Paediatric Orthopaedics Assessment and management of childhood orthopaedic conditions — developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), club foot, genu valgum/varum, Perthes disease, SUFE, and fractures in children and adolescents. ##### Hand & Upper Limb Surgery Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) decompression, trigger finger release, Dupuytren's contracture, de Quervain's tenosynovitis, and management of hand and wrist fractures. ##### Foot & Ankle Conditions Assessment and management of hallux valgus (bunion), plantar fasciitis, Morton's neuroma, Achilles tendinopathy, flatfoot deformity, and foot and ankle fractures. ##### Musculoskeletal Injections Image-guided and landmark-based steroid injections for shoulder (subacromial, AC joint, glenohumeral), knee (intra-articular), hip (trochanteric bursitis), and tendinopathy — as part of a structured conservative management plan. Osteoarthritis — Degenerative Joint Disease Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal conditions in India — caused by progressive degradation of articular cartilage, with secondary changes in subchondral bone, synovium, and periarticular structures. It most commonly affects the knee, hip, and shoulder joints. OA incidence rises sharply in individuals over 50, and is associated with obesity, prior joint injury, and occupational loading. Deep aching joint pain — worsening with activity and relieved partially by rest; morning stiffness lasting less than 30 minutes; joint swelling and warmth; crepitus (grinding sensation) with movement; progressive loss of range of motion; difficulty climbing stairs, rising from chairs, or walking; and bony deformity in advanced disease (varus or valgus knee deformity). Weight-bearing X-ray of affected joint — assessment of joint space narrowing, osteophytes, and alignment. MRI for cartilage and soft tissue assessment. Conservative management: physiotherapy, weight loss, activity modification, analgesia, and intra-articular injections (steroid or hyaluronic acid). Surgical management: arthroscopy for symptom relief in selected cases; partial or total knee/hip/shoulder replacement for advanced OA unresponsive to conservative treatment. ACL Tear — Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Knee & Hip Joint Replacement — Advanced Arthritis Rotator Cuff Tear — Shoulder Injury Diagnostic & Imaging Services #### ACL Tear — Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury **What it is:** The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the primary stabiliser of the knee against anterior tibial translation and rotational forces. ACL tears are among the most common sports injuries — occurring in cutting, pivoting, and contact sports. ACL injuries can range from partial to complete tears, and often occur in combination with meniscal injury (terrible triad) or collateral ligament damage. Untreated ACL deficiency leads to progressive meniscal and chondral damage and early-onset osteoarthritis. **Symptoms:** A loud pop or crack at the time of injury; acute knee swelling (haemarthrosis) developing within hours; immediate inability to bear weight or continue sporting activity; a sense of the knee 'giving way' on pivoting, turning, or cutting; positive Lachman test and anterior drawer test on clinical examination; and episodes of instability with daily activities in chronic cases. **Treatment:** MRI knee — to confirm ACL tear, assess degree of injury, and identify concomitant meniscal and chondral pathology. Non-surgical management for partial tears, low-demand patients, and isolated ACL injuries: physiotherapy, quadriceps and hamstring strengthening, and functional bracing. Surgical management: arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon (semitendinosus-gracilis) or patellar tendon autograft — tailored to patient age, activity level, and concomitant pathology. Post-operative rehabilitation: structured 9-month programme targeting knee control, strength, agility, and return-to-sport criteria. #### Knee & Hip Joint Replacement — Advanced Arthritis **What it is:** Total joint replacement (arthroplasty) is indicated when advanced osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, avascular necrosis, or post-traumatic arthritis causes severe, functionally limiting joint pain that has not responded to conservative measures. Joint replacement consistently delivers among the highest patient satisfaction rates of any surgical procedure — with sustained pain relief, improved mobility, and return to daily activities. **Symptoms:** Severe, constant joint pain significantly limiting daily activities (walking, climbing stairs, rising from chairs); pain at rest or disrupting sleep; significant joint stiffness with very limited range of motion; progressive deformity (bowed legs, leg length discrepancy); failure to respond to conservative treatment including physiotherapy, injections, and anti-inflammatory medication; and objective evidence of advanced joint space loss on X-ray. **Treatment:** Standing X-ray of the affected joint — confirming joint space narrowing and alignment. Pre-surgical assessment: blood tests, cardiac evaluation, anaesthetic risk assessment, and implant sizing (templating). Surgical procedure: total or partial joint replacement using metal alloy (cobalt-chrome or titanium) implants with polyethylene bearing surface. Hospital stay 3–5 days. Post-operative rehabilitation: in-hospital physiotherapy commencing day 1, progressive home physiotherapy programme, and structured follow-up at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year. #### Rotator Cuff Tear — Shoulder Injury **What it is:** The rotator cuff comprises four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor) that stabilise the glenohumeral joint and enable shoulder rotation and elevation. Rotator cuff tears are among the most common causes of shoulder pain and disability — occurring both acutely (from falls or direct trauma) and as progressive degenerative tears. Tear size ranges from partial-thickness to massive, full-thickness tears involving multiple tendons. **Symptoms:** Shoulder pain — particularly with arm elevation above shoulder height and reaching behind the back; weakness with overhead activities; pain disturbing sleep (especially lying on the affected shoulder); difficulty lifting or carrying objects; reduced range of shoulder movement; and localised tenderness over the greater tuberosity and anterior acromion. In massive tears, pseudoparalysis (inability to elevate the arm) may be present. #### Fractures & Trauma — Road Accidents & Falls **What it is:** Fractures are a complete or incomplete break in bone continuity caused by trauma (road traffic accidents, falls, sports injuries, occupational injuries) or by underlying bone fragility (osteoporosis-related fragility fractures). Management depends on fracture location, pattern, displacement, associated soft tissue and neurovascular injuries, patient age, bone quality, and functional demands. All significant fractures require prompt, accurate imaging and specialist orthopaedic assessment. **Symptoms:** Pain at the fracture site — sharp, severe, and worsening with movement; visible deformity or shortening of a limb; swelling, bruising, and skin changes over the injury site; inability to bear weight (lower limb fractures) or use the injured arm (upper limb fractures); abnormal mobility or crepitus at the fracture site; associated neurovascular signs — numbness, tingling, pallor, or absent pulses distal to the fracture. **Treatment:** Emergency X-ray (minimum 2 views) of the injured area — assessing fracture pattern, displacement, and alignment. CT scan for complex periarticular, pelvic, spinal, and intra-articular fractures. Limb splinting or plaster immobilisation for initial stabilisation. Surgical management: closed or open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plate and screws, intramedullary nailing, or external fixation depending on fracture type. Damage control orthopaedics (DCO) for polytrauma and haemodynamically unstable patients — temporary external fixation followed by staged definitive fixation. #### Osteoporosis — Bone Fragility & Fracture Prevention **What it is:** Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterised by reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone microarchitecture — leading to increased fracture risk from low-energy falls or even minimal trauma. It is highly prevalent in postmenopausal women and the elderly, and significantly under-diagnosed in India. Hip, vertebral, and distal radius fractures are the most clinically important consequences — associated with high morbidity, loss of independence, and increased mortality. **Symptoms:** Often asymptomatic until a fragility fracture occurs; back pain from vertebral compression fractures; gradual loss of height over years; postural change — increasing thoracic kyphosis (dowager's hump); fragility fractures from minimal trauma (falling from standing height or less); wrist fractures from falls onto outstretched hand; and hip fractures — the most serious consequence, often requiring surgical fixation and associated with high 1-year mortality. #### Spine Conditions — Back Pain, Disc Disease & Sciatica **What it is:** Spinal conditions are among the most common causes of disability in working-age adults in India. Lumbar disc prolapse (LDP) causing sciatica, lumbar spondylosis, cervical disc disease causing neck and arm pain, and lumbar spinal stenosis causing neurogenic claudication are the most prevalent diagnoses. The spine is assessed as a functional unit — addressing bony, disc, nerve, and muscular components together for comprehensive management. **Symptoms:** Lumbar: low back pain — acute or chronic; sciatica (radiating leg pain following a dermatomal distribution — typically L4, L5, or S1); neurogenic claudication — leg heaviness, pain, and weakness with walking, relieved by forward flexion; saddle anaesthesia and bladder or bowel dysfunction (cauda equina syndrome — requires emergency assessment). Cervical: neck pain; cervical radiculopathy — arm pain, numbness, and tingling; and cervical myelopathy — hand clumsiness, gait disturbance, and upper motor neurone signs. **Treatment:** MRI spine — definitive imaging for disc herniation, nerve root compression, cord compression, and degenerative changes. X-ray spine for bony alignment and instability assessment. Conservative management (first-line for most cases): physiotherapy, core stabilisation exercises, pain management, and selective nerve root injection or epidural steroid injection. Red flags requiring urgent assessment: cauda equina syndrome, progressive neurological deficit, fever with back pain, and significant trauma. Surgical referral for cases with progressive neurological deficit, failed conservative management, or cauda equina syndrome. ### Advanced Orthopaedic Diagnostics Accurate musculoskeletal diagnosis requires the right imaging at the right time. SRM Prime Hospital provides a comprehensive orthopaedic diagnostic platform — all coordinated by our clinical team to ensure the correct investigation is selected for each clinical scenario, minimising diagnostic delay and enabling precise treatment planning. Digital X-Ray (Weight-bearing & Standard Views) Standing knee X-rays for alignment and joint space; hip X-rays (AP pelvis, lateral) for arthritis and fractures; cervical and lumbar spine X-rays for spondylosis, deformity, and instability; fracture assessment (minimum 2 views always). CT Scan (with 3D Reconstruction) Complex periarticular fractures — tibial plateau, distal femur, acetabulum, calcaneum; pre-surgical planning and implant templating; bone tumour characterisation; CT arthrogram for cartilage assessment. 3T MRI — Gold Standard Soft Tissue Imaging ACL, PCL, meniscal tears; rotator cuff; labral pathology (shoulder, hip); cartilage defects; bone marrow oedema; spinal disc herniation and cord compression; soft tissue tumours; bone stress injuries. Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Dynamic assessment of rotator cuff; assessment of tendons (Achilles, patellar, elbow); bursae; soft tissue masses; ultrasound-guided injections for shoulder, knee, hip, and elbow. DEXA Bone Densitometry Bone mineral density (BMD) measurement at lumbar spine and hip; T-score and Z-score reporting; fracture risk assessment; treatment response monitoring in osteoporosis. Nerve Conduction Studies (NCS/EMG) Carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosis and severity grading; cubital tunnel (ulnar nerve) compression; peripheral neuropathy; cervical and lumbar radiculopathy confirmation. ### 24/7 Care for Orthopaedic Emergencies Call immediately for any orthopaedics emergency. Road Traffic Accident Fractures & Polytrauma Open (Compound) Fractures — Urgent Washout & Fixation Joint Dislocations — Shoulder, Hip, Knee, Elbow Acute ACL & Major Ligament Tears Cauda Equina Syndrome — Emergency Spinal Assessment Compartment Syndrome — Emergency Fasciotomy Pathological Fractures — Bone Tumour-Related Periprosthetic Joint Fractures (around a previous implant) Septic Arthritis — Emergency Joint Washout Acute Hip Fracture — Neck of Femur, Intertrochanteric #### Orthopaedic Emergency Care Injury-related conditions often need immediate care. - Trauma and accident care - Fracture stabilization - Sports injury emergencies - Acute joint injuries Emergency services are available at this orthopaedic hospital in Chennai. #### Spine Care Spinal issues can affect movement and quality of life. - Back pain management - Neck pain treatment - Disc-related conditions - Sciatica care - Non-surgical spine management The focus remains on improving mobility and reducing discomfort. #### Joint Replacement When joints are severely damaged, replacement surgery may be considered. - Total knee replacement - Partial knee replacement - Total hip replacement - Revision procedures These treatments follow standards used in the best hospital for orthopaedic surgery. #### Arthroscopy (Keyhole Surgery) Minimally invasive techniques are used for specific joint conditions. - Knee arthroscopy - Shoulder arthroscopy - ACL and PCL reconstruction - Meniscus repair These procedures allow faster recovery and reduced downtime at this orthopaedic hospital in Chennai. #### Sports Medicine Sports injuries require focused evaluation and recovery planning. - Assessment of sports injuries - Ligament and tendon injuries - Meniscus-related conditions - Shoulder instability - Overuse injuries Care is structured to support safe return to activity. #### General Orthopaedics Orthopaedic care includes the management of everyday bone and joint conditions. - Joint pain and arthritis - Fracture and trauma care - Bone and joint infections - Correction of deformities This makes the hospital a reliable orthopaedic hospital for routine orthopaedic needs. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### When should I see an orthopaedic surgeon rather than a general physician? You should consult an orthopaedic surgeon when joint pain, back pain, or a sports injury has not improved with conservative measures (rest, over-the-counter pain relief, physiotherapy) within 4–6 weeks; when pain is severe, constant, or worsening; when there is significant swelling, deformity, or inability to use a limb; following any significant trauma (road accident, fall, sports injury); or when you have been told you may need joint replacement, fracture fixation, or orthopaedic surgery. #### What is the recovery time after total knee replacement surgery? Most patients begin walking with support within 24–48 hours of total knee replacement surgery. Hospital stay is typically 3–5 days. By 6 weeks, most patients can manage daily activities independently. Return to driving is usually possible at 6–8 weeks. Full recovery — with optimal strength, flexibility, and function — is achieved by 3–6 months, supported by a structured physiotherapy programme. #### Is minimally invasive arthroscopic surgery available at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Our orthopaedic team regularly performs arthroscopic (keyhole) procedures for the knee (ACL reconstruction, meniscal repair, cartilage procedures), shoulder (rotator cuff repair, Bankart stabilisation, SLAP repair, subacromial decompression), ankle, and hip. Arthroscopy allows precise diagnosis and treatment of joint pathology through small incisions, with significantly less post-operative pain and faster recovery compared to open surgery. #### Can sports injuries be treated non-surgically? Many sports injuries respond well to conservative management — structured physiotherapy, bracing, activity modification, and progressive rehabilitation — and do not require surgery. The decision depends on the specific injury, its severity, the patient's age and activity level, and treatment response. ACL tears in recreational athletes, for example, can sometimes be managed non-surgically with intensive rehabilitation. Our team always begins with a thorough clinical and imaging assessment before recommending the most appropriate management pathway. #### What is the difference between partial and total knee replacement? In a partial (unicompartmental) knee replacement, only the damaged compartment of the knee is resurfaced — medial, lateral, or patellofemoral — leaving the healthy compartments and cruciate ligaments intact. In a total knee replacement (TKR), all three compartments are resurfaced. Partial replacement offers faster recovery and a more natural-feeling knee but is only suitable for carefully selected patients with isolated single-compartment disease. Your surgeon will advise which option is appropriate based on your X-ray findings, knee alignment, weight, activity level, and clinical examination. #### Do you treat osteoporosis at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Our Orthopaedics Department offers comprehensive osteoporosis assessment, including DEXA bone density scanning, FRAX fracture risk calculation, blood tests for secondary causes, and evidence-based pharmacological treatment (bisphosphonates, denosumab, teriparatide) and lifestyle counselling. We also manage fragility fractures — hip, vertebral, and wrist fractures — and work to prevent secondary fractures through Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) protocols. #### Do you treat spine conditions at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Our orthopaedic team assesses and manages a range of spinal conditions — including lumbar disc prolapse with sciatica, cervical disc disease and cervical radiculopathy, lumbar spinal stenosis, spondylosis, and spinal deformity (scoliosis and kyphosis). Management includes clinical assessment, MRI imaging, physiotherapy, targeted injections, and surgical referral for cases with progressive neurological deficit or failed conservative treatment. We also provide emergency assessment for cauda equina syndrome. #### What qualifications do your orthopaedic surgeons hold? Our orthopaedic team holds advanced postgraduate qualifications and fellowships across national and international institutions. Dr. Mohan G holds MS (Orthopaedics), DNB, MCh Orthopaedics (Seychelles / USAIM American Board), with fellowships in Trauma (Germany), and Arthroplasty (PGI Chandigarh and Singapore). Dr. Mohan K C holds DNB (Orthopaedic Surgery) and a Post-doctoral Fellowship in Joint Replacement (FIJR), with advanced training in the USA, Singapore, Mumbai, and Pune. Dr. Nikhil Nahar holds MRCS (Edinburgh), FRCS (London), MCh Orthopaedics (UK), and FEBOT (European Board of Orthopaedic Trauma) — with subspeciality fellowship training in shoulder, upper limb, and arthroplasty surgery. ## Medical Gastro URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/medical-gastro Summary: Expert digestive care at SRM Prime — the top gastroenterology hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. Endoscopy, liver disease, IBS, IBD & GI cancer treatment. Advanced diagnosis and treatment for digestive disorders. About Our Medical Gastro Department ### Comprehensive Digestive & Liver Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Medical Gastroenterology is dedicated to delivering expert, compassionate care for the full spectrum of digestive and liver conditions. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine advanced diagnostic technology with deeply personalised clinical care — gastroenterology and liver care accessible. Our gastroenterology unit is led by experienced senior consultants with over 36 years of combined clinical experience. The department provides a high level of proficiency and state-of-the-art facilities to ensure patients receive the correct intervention at the ideal moment, whether they require a diagnostic assessment for new symptoms, ongoing management for chronic digestive conditions, or a complex endoscopic procedure. From non-invasive diagnostics to advanced therapeutic endoscopy, liver disease management, and inflammatory bowel disease care, SRM Prime's gastroenterology department offers a comprehensive range of services — all under one roof. ### Why Choose Srm Prime Hospital For Medical Gastro Care Experienced Senior Consultants Specialists with 20+ and 16+ years of clinical practice in medical gastroenterology and hepatology. South India’s Most Advanced Endoscopy Suites State-of-the-art endoscopy suite for diagnostic and therapeutic upper GI, lower GI,ESD / EMR and ERCP procedures. Endoscopic ultrasound , endoscopic bariatric procedures - ESG , intragastric balloon placement, Third Space endoscopy Advanced Diagnostic Imaging 128 Slice CT, 3T MRI, abdominal ultrasound, Fibroscan (liver stiffness assessment) — all under one roof. Liver Disease & Hepatology Comprehensive hepatitis B and C management, NAFLD/NASH, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension care. Evidence-Based Treatment Strict adherence to international gastroenterology guidelines (ACG, EASL, BSG, Indian guidelines). Cashless hospitalisation supported for most major insurance providers. ### Our Medical Gastro Specialists Consult experienced consultants for medical gastro care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Arulprakash S Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 20+ years of experience English • Tamil • Hindi [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-s-arulprakash#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-s-arulprakash) ##### Dr. Tarun George J Senior Consultant – Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology 16+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-tarun-j-george#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-tarun-j-george) ### Specialised Gastroenterology Services A complete spectrum of systemic and surgical care — personalised to each patient's needs. Diagnostic & Therapeutic Endoscopy Non-Invasive Gastroenterology & Diagnostics #### Upper GI Endoscopy (OGD Scopy) — Visualising the Oesophagus, Stomach & Duodenum A minimally invasive procedure using a thin, flexible camera (endoscope) inserted through the mouth to directly visualise and photograph the lining of the oesophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine (duodenum). Biopsies can be taken during the same procedure. Colonoscopy — Complete Large Intestine Evaluation ERCP — Endoscopic Management of Bile Duct & Pancreatic Duct Disorders Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) — High-Resolution Imaging from Within the GI Tract Variceal Band Ligation & Sclerotherapy — Prevention of Life-Threatening Bleeding #### Diagnostic & Therapeutic Endoscopy ##### Colonoscopy — Complete Large Intestine Evaluation A colonoscopy uses a flexible camera inserted through the rectum to visualise the entire large intestine (colon and rectum). It is the gold standard investigation for bowel symptoms and colorectal cancer screening. Polyps can be removed (polypectomy) and biopsies taken during the same procedure. ##### ERCP — Endoscopic Management of Bile Duct & Pancreatic Duct Disorders Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combines endoscopy and X-ray fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat problems of the bile ducts and pancreatic duct. It is used to remove bile duct stones, relieve obstructions, and place stents — avoiding the need for open surgery in most cases. ##### Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) — High-Resolution Imaging from Within the GI Tract EUS combines endoscopy with high-frequency ultrasound to produce detailed images of the GI tract wall and adjacent structures — including the pancreas, bile ducts, liver, lymph nodes, and surrounding vessels — at a resolution far superior to external ultrasound or CT scanning. ##### Variceal Band Ligation & Sclerotherapy — Prevention of Life-Threatening Bleeding Oesophageal varices are enlarged, fragile veins in the oesophagus — a serious complication of cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Variceal band ligation (placing rubber bands to cut off blood supply) and sclerotherapy (injection of a clotting solution) are endoscopic treatments that obliterate varices and prevent potentially fatal bleeding. #### Non-Invasive Gastroenterology & Diagnostics ##### Abdominal Ultrasound First-line imaging of the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and kidneys. Identifies gallstones, fatty liver, bile duct dilation, liver masses, free fluid (ascites), and splenomegaly. Quick, painless, and radiation-free. ##### Fibroscan (Liver Elastography) Non-invasive measurement of liver stiffness using transient elastography to accurately assess the degree of liver fibrosis — staging liver disease without the need for a biopsy in most patients. Also measures liver fat content (CAP score) for NAFLD assessment. ##### 128 Slice CT (Abdomen & Pelvis) High-resolution cross-sectional imaging for evaluation of abdominal masses, bowel pathology, pancreatitis complications, liver lesions, vascular abnormalities, and cancer staging. Essential for emergency and complex case assessment. ##### 3T MRI (MRCP & Liver MRI) Superior soft tissue imaging for detailed evaluation of the bile ducts and pancreatic duct (MRCP — non-invasive alternative to diagnostic ERCP), liver lesions (MRI with hepatobiliary contrast), rectal cancer staging, and inflammatory bowel disease assessment. ##### H. pylori Testing Non-invasive urea breath test (UBT) or stool antigen test for detection and eradication confirmation of Helicobacter pylori — the bacterium responsible for peptic ulcers and gastric cancer risk. Biopsy with histopathological examination (HPE) available during endoscopy. ##### Stool Investigations Faecal calprotectin (marker of intestinal inflammation — distinguishes IBD from IBS), faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) for colorectal cancer screening, stool culture and microscopy for infective diarrhoea, and stool fat estimation for malabsorption. ##### Liver Function Tests & Blood Panel Comprehensive hepatic biochemistry panel (ALT, AST, bilirubin, ALP, GGT, albumin, INR), viral hepatitis serology (HBsAg, anti-HCV), tumour markers (AFP for HCC, CA 19-9 for pancreatic and biliary malignancy), and autoimmune liver disease markers. ##### Manometry & pH Monitoring Oesophageal manometry for assessment of swallowing disorders and achalasia. 24-hour ambulatory pH monitoring — the gold standard for diagnosis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and evaluation of treatment response. Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) — Chronic Acid Reflux GERD occurs when stomach acid regularly flows back into the oesophagus, irritating its lining. It is one of the most common GI conditions worldwide — caused by a weakened or dysfunctional lower oesophageal sphincter, often worsened by obesity, spicy food, smoking, and lying down after meals. Heartburn (burning sensation rising from the stomach to the chest), regurgitation of acid or food, chest pain, chronic cough, hoarseness, throat clearing, and — in severe cases — difficulty swallowing. Symptoms typically worsen after meals and when lying down. Lifestyle modification and dietary changes. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for acid suppression. Endoscopy to assess the oesophageal lining and exclude Barrett's oesophagus. 24-hour pH monitoring to confirm GERD and guide therapy. Anti-reflux procedures for refractory cases. Barrett's Oesophagus — Pre-Cancerous Change in the Oesophageal Lining Achalasia Cardia — Impaired Swallowing Due to Oesophageal Motility Disorder Peptic Ulcer Disease — Ulcers of the Stomach & Duodenum Diagnostic & Staging Services ### Precise Diagnosis, Accurate Staging — Digestive & Liver Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Medical Gastroenterology department offers complete diagnostic and staging services for digestive and liver conditions, all under one roof. Endoscopic Staging & Tissue Diagnosis Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with EUS-guided FNB for staging and biopsy of oesophageal, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. Upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy with biopsy for early tumour detection. ERCP for bile duct and pancreatic duct cancer diagnosis and stenting. Cross-Sectional Imaging 128-slice CT and 3T MRI with MRCP for GI and hepatobiliary cancer staging, rectal cancer staging, and bile duct evaluation. Abdominal ultrasound for first-line, radiation-free screening. Liver Disease Staging FibroScan for non-invasive liver fibrosis and NAFLD/NASH staging, without biopsy. Tumour markers — AFP for HCC, CA 19-9 for pancreatic and biliary malignancy. Functional & Non-Invasive Diagnostics H. pylori testing, stool investigations (faecal calprotectin, FOBT), oesophageal manometry with 24-hour pH monitoring, and capsule endoscopy for small bowel evaluation. ### Our gastroenterology team is available around the clock for urgent and emergency digestive conditions. Call immediately for any gastroenterology emergency. Upper GI Haemorrhage (vomiting blood or black stools) Acute Pancreatitis Management Severe Acute Liver Failure Hepatic Encephalopathy Emergency Endoscopy for Bleeding Control Acute Cholangitis & Biliary Emergencies Tense Ascites — Urgent Paracentesis Severe IBD Flare ### conditionsAccordion #### Barrett's Oesophagus — Pre-Cancerous Change in the Oesophageal Lining **What it is:** In Barrett's oesophagus, the normal lining of the oesophagus is replaced by intestinal-type cells — a consequence of long-standing acid reflux. Barrett's oesophagus is a pre-malignant condition that, over time, may progress to malignancy cancer (oesophageal adenocarcinoma). **Symptoms:** Often asymptomatic. May present with chronic heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. Typically diagnosed during endoscopy performed for chronic GERD symptoms. **Treatment:** Confirmed by endoscopy and biopsy. High-dose PPI therapy to prevent further acid damage. Regular endoscopic surveillance to monitor for dysplasia (pre-cancerous changes). Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) or radiofrequency ablation for high-grade dysplasia. #### Achalasia Cardia — Impaired Swallowing Due to Oesophageal Motility Disorder **What it is:** Achalasia is a rare disorder of the oesophagus in which the lower oesophageal sphincter fails to relax properly during swallowing, and normal oesophageal peristalsis is absent — causing food and liquid to accumulate in the oesophagus. **Symptoms:** Progressive dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) for both solids and liquids, regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain, weight loss, and recurrent episodes of food becoming stuck in the chest. **Treatment:** Oesophageal manometry for diagnosis. Treatment options include pneumatic balloon dilatation (endoscopic), EndoFlip assisted per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), botulinum toxin injection, and surgical Heller myotomy — tailored to the individual patient. #### Peptic Ulcer Disease — Ulcers of the Stomach & Duodenum **What it is:** Peptic ulcers are open sores developing in the lining of the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the first part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcer). The most common causes are Helicobacter pylori infection and long-term use of NSAIDs (painkillers). **Symptoms:** Gnawing or burning epigastric pain — typically occurring 2–3 hours after meals or at night for duodenal ulcers, and worsening with eating for gastric ulcers. Nausea, bloating, and in complicated cases — haematemesis (vomiting blood) or melaena (black tarry stools). **Treatment:** Endoscopy for diagnosis and H. pylori testing. H. pylori eradication therapy (triple or quadruple antibiotic regimens). Proton pump inhibitors for acid suppression and ulcer healing. NSAID cessation. Endoscopic treatment for bleeding ulcers. #### Functional Dyspepsia — Unexplained Upper Abdominal Discomfort **What it is:** Functional dyspepsia is a chronic digestive condition characterised by persistent upper abdominal symptoms in the absence of any structural cause on endoscopy or imaging. It is one of the most common GI disorders — affecting up to 20% of the population. **Symptoms:** Postprandial fullness (heaviness after eating even small amounts), early satiety (feeling full quickly), epigastric pain or burning, nausea, and bloating. Symptoms often fluctuate and can significantly impair quality of life. **Treatment:** Endoscopy to exclude structural causes. H. pylori testing and eradication if positive. Dietary modification — smaller, more frequent meals; avoiding trigger foods. Prokinetic medications to improve gastric emptying. Low-dose antidepressants for refractory symptoms. Psychological support if needed. #### Viral Hepatitis B — Chronic Liver Infection Requiring Long-Term Management **What it is:** Hepatitis B is a viral infection of the liver transmitted through blood, sexual contact, or mother-to-child transmission. Chronic hepatitis B (infection persisting beyond 6 months) causes progressive liver inflammation and fibrosis — and is one of the leading causes of cirrhosis and liver cancer globally. **Symptoms:** Many patients with chronic hepatitis B are asymptomatic for years. When symptoms occur: fatigue, right upper abdominal discomfort, jaundice (in acute exacerbations), loss of appetite, and dark urine. Advanced disease presents with signs of cirrhosis and liver failure. **Treatment:** Comprehensive hepatitis B workup — HBsAg, HBeAg, HBV DNA viral load, liver function tests, fibroscan, and abdominal ultrasound. Antiviral therapy (tenofovir or entecavir) for eligible patients. Regular 6-monthly surveillance for liver cancer with ultrasound and AFP. Screening and Vaccination of household contacts. #### Hepatitis C — Curable Viral Liver Infection **What it is:** Hepatitis C is a blood-borne viral infection causing chronic liver inflammation. Unlike hepatitis B, hepatitis C is now curable in over 95% of patients with a short course of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy — a major advance in modern hepatology. **Symptoms:** Most patients with chronic hepatitis C are asymptomatic until advanced liver disease develops. Symptoms when present include fatigue, right upper abdominal discomfort, and jaundice. Advanced cirrhosis presents with ascites, variceal bleeding, liver failure, and encephalopathy. **Treatment:** HCV antibody testing and HCV RNA PCR for diagnosis and genotyping. Fibroscan to assess liver fibrosis stage. 8–12 weeks of oral DAA therapy achieving cure in >95% of patients. Post-treatment monitoring for sustained virological response (SVR12). Liver cancer surveillance for those with advanced fibrosis. #### Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) / NASH — Metabolic Liver Disease **What it is:** NAFLD (now called Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease - MASLD) is accumulation of excess fat in the liver in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. It is closely linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol, and metabolic syndrome. A subset of patients with NAFLD develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is now called as Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated SteatoHepatitis (MASH) — inflammation and liver cell damage — which can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer. **Symptoms:** Most patients are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally on ultrasound. Some experience fatigue and right upper abdominal discomfort. Advanced disease presents with signs of cirrhosis. NAFLD is now the leading cause of liver transplantation in developed countries. **Treatment:** Fibroscan and liver function tests for disease staging. Intensive lifestyle intervention — weight loss of 7–10% produces significant improvement in liver histology. Management of metabolic risk factors — diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia. SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists show hepatic benefit. Emerging pharmacological therapies for NASH. #### Cirrhosis & Portal Hypertension — Advanced Liver Disease Management **What it is:** Cirrhosis is irreversible scarring of the liver resulting from chronic liver injury — caused by hepatitis B or C, alcohol, NAFLD, autoimmune, or metabolic liver disease. As the liver scars, portal blood pressure rises (portal hypertension), leading to potentially life-threatening complications. **Symptoms:** Fatigue, muscle wasting, jaundice, easy bruising, oesophageal varices (at risk of life-threatening haemorrhage), ascites (fluid in the abdomen), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), hepatic encephalopathy (confusion), and hepatorenal syndrome. **Treatment:** Comprehensive management by our hepatology team: treatment of the underlying liver disease; regular endoscopic surveillance and variceal banding; diuretics and dietary sodium restriction for ascites; therapeutic paracentesis for tense ascites; antibiotic prophylaxis for SBP; lactulose and rifaximin for hepatic encephalopathy; 6-monthly HCC surveillance. Liver transplant assessment where indicated. #### Gallstone Disease — Stones in the Gallbladder & Bile Ducts **What it is:** Gallstones form when bile hardens into solid stones within the gallbladder. They are extremely common in India — particularly in women, those over 40, and those with obesity or metabolic syndrome. Stones can remain silent or cause biliary colic, acute cholecystitis, bile duct obstruction (choledocholithiasis), jaundice, and pancreatitis. **Symptoms:** Biliary colic — severe, cramping pain in the right upper abdomen or epigastrium, often radiating to the right shoulder, typically occurring 30–60 minutes after a fatty meal. Nausea and vomiting. Fever and jaundice when bile duct stones are present (cholangitis — a medical emergency). **Treatment:** Abdominal ultrasound for gallbladder stone diagnosis. MRCP or EUS for suspected bile duct stones. ERCP for bile duct stone removal. Surgical referral for cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Antibiotic therapy for cholecystitis. Emergency management for cholangitis and gallstone pancreatitis. #### Pancreatitis — Acute & Chronic Pancreatic Inflammation **What it is:** Pancreatitis is inflammation of the pancreas. Acute pancreatitis ranges from mild and self-limiting to severe, life-threatening disease with multi-organ failure. Common causes include gallstones and alcohol. Chronic pancreatitis results from repeated episodes of pancreatic inflammation — causing irreversible damage, pain, exocrine insufficiency (malabsorption), and endocrine insufficiency (diabetes). **Symptoms:** Acute: severe, constant epigastric pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever, and tenderness on examination. Chronic: recurrent or persistent epigastric pain, steatorrhoea (oily, foul-smelling stools), weight loss, and diabetes. **Treatment:** CT or MRI for acute severity assessment and complication detection. Hospital admission for pain management, IV fluids, and nutritional support. Identification and treatment of the underlying cause (gallstones via ERCP or surgery; alcohol abstinence). Enzyme replacement therapy for exocrine insufficiency in chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopic or surgical drainage for pancreatic duct strictures and pseudocysts. #### Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) — Crohn's Disease & Ulcerative Colitis **What it is:** IBD comprises two chronic, immune-mediated conditions: Ulcerative colitis (UC) — affecting the large intestine and rectum — and Crohn's disease — which can affect any part of the GI tract from mouth to anus. Both cause significant inflammation and are characterised by flares and remissions. **Symptoms:** UC: bloody diarrhoea, abdominal cramping, urgency, and tenesmus (feeling of incomplete bowel emptying). Crohn's: abdominal pain, diarrhoea (with or without blood), weight loss, fatigue, perianal disease, and — in severe cases — fistulae and abscesses. **Treatment:** Colonoscopy with biopsies for diagnosis and disease extent assessment. Faecal calprotectin and CRP monitoring for disease activity. Stepwise treatment: 5-ASA medications, steroids for acute flares, immunosuppressants (azathioprine, methotrexate), and biological therapies (anti-TNF, vedolizumab) for moderate-to-severe disease. Surveillance colonoscopy for colon cancer risk. Nutritional support and dietary guidance. #### Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) — Functional Bowel Disorder **What it is:** IBS is a common functional bowel disorder characterised by recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel habits — with no detectable structural or biochemical abnormality. It significantly impacts quality of life and affects up to 15% of the Indian population. **Symptoms:** Recurrent abdominal pain or cramping, relieved by defecation. Altered stool frequency and form — diarrhoea predominant (IBS-D), constipation predominant (IBS-C), or mixed (IBS-M). Bloating, flatulence, and mucus in the stool. Symptoms often triggered by stress, certain foods, or hormonal changes. **Treatment:** Exclusion of organic causes — colonoscopy, coeliac serology, thyroid function, and faecal calprotectin. Low FODMAP diet — a structured elimination and reintroduction protocol proven to reduce IBS symptoms in 75% of patients. Antispasmodics for pain. Targeted therapy for IBS-D or IBS-C. Gut-directed psychological therapies (CBT, hypnotherapy) for refractory IBS. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### What tests are used to diagnose digestive and liver conditions? Diagnosis typically begins with a clinical evaluation followed by targeted tests: upper GI endoscopy or colonoscopy for structural evaluation, abdominal ultrasound or CT/MRI for imaging, and blood or stool tests such as liver function tests, H. pylori testing, and faecal calprotectin. At SRM Prime Hospital, all these investigations are available under one roof, allowing faster, more coordinated diagnosis for patients in Chennai. #### How is gastrointestinal (GI) cancer staged? GI cancer staging combines endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for locoregional tumour depth and lymph node assessment, cross-sectional imaging (CT or MRI) to check for spread to other organs, and tissue biopsy for histopathological confirmation. Tumour markers like CA 19-9 and AFP support staging for pancreatic, biliary, and liver cancers. This combined approach ensures the correct stage is identified before deciding on surgery, endoscopic therapy, or oncology referral. #### Is endoscopy painful, and how long does recovery take? Endoscopy (upper GI endoscopy or colonoscopy) is generally well tolerated, performed under mild sedation or a throat spray, with most patients experiencing only mild throat discomfort or bloating afterwards. The procedure itself takes 10–30 minutes, and patients can usually resume a normal diet within a few hours, with biopsy results typically available in 3–5 days. #### What is a FibroScan, and do I still need a liver biopsy? FibroScan is a non-invasive test that measures liver stiffness to stage fibrosis and cirrhosis, and also estimates liver fat for fatty liver disease (NAFLD/NASH), without needles or sedation. For most patients, FibroScan removes the need for a liver biopsy; biopsy is reserved only for select cases where the diagnosis remains unclear. #### When should I get a colonoscopy done? Routine colorectal cancer screening is generally recommended from age 45–50, or earlier if there is a family history of colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease. A colonoscopy is also advised for symptoms such as rectal bleeding, unexplained weight loss, a persistent change in bowel habits, or abnormal stool test results like a positive FOBT or elevated faecal calprotectin. #### What is the difference between an upper GI endoscopy and a colonoscopy? Upper GI endoscopy (OGD) examines the oesophagus, stomach, and duodenum to investigate symptoms like heartburn, acid reflux, or swallowing difficulty, while colonoscopy examines the entire large intestine to screen for polyps, colorectal cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease. Both procedures allow biopsy and, when needed, therapeutic intervention such as polypectomy in the same sitting. #### How do I know if I need an ERCP or an EUS? ERCP is primarily therapeutic, used to clear bile duct stones, place stents, or manage pancreatic duct problems, while EUS is mainly diagnostic and staging-focused, used to evaluate and biopsy pancreatic masses, stage GI cancers, and assess bile duct abnormalities in fine detail. Your gastroenterologist will recommend the appropriate procedure, or sometimes both, based on your symptoms and imaging findings. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital accept insurance for gastroenterology diagnostic tests? Yes, cashless hospitalisation and diagnostic services are supported for most major insurance providers. For specific coverage details on endoscopy, imaging, or staging investigations, our team can help verify your policy details before the procedure. ## General Surgery URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/general-surgery Summary: SRM Prime Hospital offers expert general surgery in Ramapuram, Chennai with advanced, minimally invasive solutions for a range of medical & surgical conditions. Expert surgical solutions for various medical conditions. About Our General Surgery Department ### Comprehensive Surgical Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of General Surgery is dedicated to providing safe, precise surgical care across a wide range of conditions — from routine laparoscopic procedures and hernia repair to complex trauma, endocrine, and reconstructive surgery. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine advanced minimally invasive surgical technology with an experienced team spanning both general/laparoscopic surgery and plastic & reconstructive surgery. Our surgical team brings together over four decades of combined clinical and surgical experience, including deep expertise in laparoscopic gastrointestinal surgery, endocrine (thyroid and breast) surgery, trauma and emergency surgery, and a dedicated plastic and reconstructive surgeon skilled in microsurgery, hand surgery, burns, and advanced cosmetic procedures. Whether you require surgery for gallstones, a hernia, a thyroid condition, an injury, or a reconstructive or aesthetic concern, our team is equipped to guide you safely from diagnosis through to full recovery. With advanced laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgical capability, comprehensive trauma and emergency surgical readiness, and expertise extending into reconstructive microsurgery and cosmetic surgery, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for general and plastic surgical care in western Chennai — offering precise surgery, faster recovery, and outcomes patients can rely on. ### Why Choose Srm Prime Hospital For General Surgery Complementary Surgical Expertise A senior general/laparoscopic surgeon with 27+ years' experience alongside a fellowship-trained plastic surgeon with 15+ years' experience. Advanced Minimally Invasive Surgery Laparoscopic techniques for gallbladder, hernia, and GI conditions, supporting faster recovery. Comprehensive Reconstructive & Cosmetic Care Microsurgery, hand surgery, burns care, and a full range of aesthetic procedures. Honest, Unhurried Consultations We only recommend what is clinically necessary. Consultations in English and Tamil. Trauma & Emergency Surgical Readiness Experienced, calm decision-making for acute and high-risk surgical conditions. Cashless hospitalisation supported for most major insurance providers. Our team will guide you through the process. Convenient Location Situated in Ramapuram — easily accessible from Porur, Valasaravakkam, Saligramam, Ashok Nagar, and surrounding areas. International Fellowship Training Advanced aesthetic surgery, hair transplantation, and rhinoplasty training from leading international institutes. ### Our General Surgery Specialists Consult experienced consultants for general surgery at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Yeshwanth T R Senior Consultant – General Surgery 27+ years of experience 16:00 - 20:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-t-r-yeshwanth#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-t-r-yeshwanth) ### Surgical Services Available One of the key priorities at this general surgery hospital in Chennai is reducing recovery time without compromising safety. Specialised Surgical Services Key Procedures Explained Surgical Sub-Specialities #### Laparoscopic GI Surgery Minimally invasive surgical treatment for gallbladder disease, hernias, and other gastrointestinal conditions, offering smaller incisions, less post-operative pain, and faster recovery for suitable patients. Endocrine Surgery Hepatobiliary Surgery Trauma & Emergency Surgery Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Cosmetic & Aesthetic Surgery Hand Surgery & Microsurgery Burns & Diabetic Foot Care Gallstones & Gallbladder Disease Hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, which can cause pain, inflammation, or blockage of bile flow, sometimes requiring surgical removal of the gallbladder. Pain in the upper right abdomen, particularly after fatty meals, nausea, vomiting, and, if a blockage occurs, jaundice or fever. Diagnosis with abdominal ultrasound, followed by laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones or gallbladder inflammation. Hernia Thyroid Nodules & Goitre Breast Lumps Diagnostic & Pre-Operative Services ### Thorough Evaluation, Safer Surgery — Pre-Operative Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of General Surgery conducts thorough clinical evaluation and pre-operative assessment to plan the safest, most appropriate surgical approach for every patient. Abdominal Ultrasound Non-invasive imaging used to diagnose gallstones, hernias, and other abdominal conditions, and to guide surgical planning. Upper & Lower GI Endoscopy Direct visualisation of the digestive tract to diagnose and, in some cases, treat gastrointestinal conditions. Thyroid Function Tests & Imaging Blood testing and ultrasound imaging to evaluate thyroid nodules and guide decisions on surgical treatment. Wound & Tissue Assessment Detailed clinical evaluation of wounds, burns, and diabetic foot conditions to guide the most appropriate surgical and reconstructive approach. Pre-Operative Fitness Assessment Comprehensive evaluation of a patient's overall health before surgery, working closely with our anaesthesiology team to plan safely for each procedure. Breast & Lump Evaluation Clinical examination and imaging-guided evaluation of breast lumps and other masses to guide diagnosis and surgical planning. ### Our general surgery team provides rapid, decisive surgical care for acute abdominal emergencies and traumatic injuries, delivered with calm, experienced decision-making when time matters most. Call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) Call to speak with our surgical team. Trauma and emergency surgery for acute surgical conditions and injuries Reconstructive microsurgery for complex trauma and tissue loss Hand surgery for injuries and functional conditions Burns management and diabetic foot care Microvascular reconstruction for complex wounds Experienced, calm decision-making for acute and high-risk surgical conditions #### Emergency and Trauma Surgery Emergency surgical care is available at all times. - Conditions treated include: - Acute abdomen - Bowel obstruction - Surgical infections - Trauma-related injuries Immediate access to ICU makes this general surgery hospital in Chennai capable of handling critical cases efficiently. #### Minor and Soft Tissue Procedures Certain conditions can be managed with minor procedures. - These include: - Removal of lipomas and cysts - Abscess drainage - Wound care These are usually performed as day-care procedures. #### Proctology (Anorectal Surgery) Common anorectal conditions are treated with effective surgical methods. - Conditions include: - Piles (hemorrhoids) - Anal fissure - Anal fistula These are among the most common conditions requiring general surgery treatment. #### Thyroid and Endocrine Surgery The hospital also provides surgical care for thyroid-related conditions. - Services include: - Evaluation of thyroid swelling - Surgery for goitre and thyroid nodules #### Breast Surgery The department evaluates and treats non-cancerous breast conditions. - Services include: - Breast lump assessment - Surgery for benign conditions - Breast abscess management #### Hernia Repair Hernia conditions are treated using appropriate surgical techniques based on severity. - Types include: - Inguinal hernia - Umbilical hernia - Incisional hernia Procedures may be laparoscopic or open, depending on the case. #### Abdominal and Gastrointestinal Surgery The hospital treats various abdominal conditions requiring surgical care. - These include: - Appendicitis - Intestinal obstruction - Abdominal masses - Gastrointestinal perforations Patients benefit from accurate diagnosis and timely general surgery treatment. #### Minimally Invasive (Laparoscopic) Surgery Laparoscopic surgery allows procedures to be performed through small incisions, reducing recovery time. - Common procedures include: - Gallbladder removal (laparoscopic cholecystectomy) - Appendectomy - Hernia repair - Diagnostic laparoscopy These procedures are widely used in the best hospitals for general surgery for faster recovery outcomes. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see a surgeon at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our consultants — Dr. T R Yeshwanth or Dr. Lokesh S — by calling 044 3545 3545 or booking online at www.srmhospitals.com. #### Is laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery available for gallbladder and hernia conditions? Yes, our team performs laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic hernia repair as standard approaches for suitable patients, offering smaller incisions, less post-operative pain, and generally faster recovery compared to open surgery. #### Which surgeon should I see for a cosmetic or reconstructive concern? Dr. Lokesh S is our consultant plastic and reconstructive surgeon, with expertise spanning reconstructive microsurgery, hand surgery, burns care, and a full range of cosmetic and aesthetic procedures for the face, body, and breast. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital treat emergency surgical conditions like appendicitis? Yes, our general surgery team, led by Dr. T R Yeshwanth with over 27 years of trauma and emergency surgical experience, is equipped to manage acute surgical emergencies including appendicitis and other urgent abdominal conditions. #### How is a thyroid nodule evaluated, and when is surgery needed? Thyroid nodules are typically evaluated with ultrasound and blood testing. Surgery (thyroidectomy) is considered for nodules that are suspicious, causing compressive symptoms, or associated with uncontrolled thyroid overactivity — your surgeon will discuss the most appropriate approach for your specific case. #### What is involved in diabetic foot ulcer care? Diabetic foot ulcer care involves thorough wound assessment, infection control, and appropriate surgical management, which may range from wound debridement to reconstructive techniques, aimed at supporting healing and preserving function. #### How long is the recovery after laparoscopic hernia repair? Most patients recover more quickly than with traditional open surgery, with a general return to normal activities within one to two weeks, though this varies depending on the specific hernia and individual healing. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital offer hair transplantation or rhinoplasty? Yes, Dr. Lokesh S has undergone advanced international fellowship training in hair transplantation and rhinoplasty, and offers consultation and treatment for patients interested in these procedures. #### Can I get a second opinion on a proposed surgery at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on a surgical diagnosis or treatment recommendation. Our surgeons will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person — call 044 3545 3545 to schedule. ## Organ Transplant URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/organ-transplant Summary: SRM Prime Hospital provides advanced organ transplant services in Ramapuram, Chennai, offering patients a second chance at life through expert surgical care. Advanced transplant services for a second chance at life. About Our Organ Transplant Department ### Advanced Liver Transplant & Hepatobiliary (HPB) Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Organ Transplant programme is anchored by advanced liver transplantation and hepatobiliary (HPB) surgery, offering patients with end-stage liver disease, liver cancer, and complex biliary conditions a comprehensive, expert-led pathway to treatment. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine internationally trained transplant surgical expertise with a multidisciplinary, patient-first approach to transplant care. Our transplant surgical team is led by a senior consultant surgical gastroenterologist with a dedicated fellowship in liver transplantation and HPB surgery, proficient in both living donor and cadaveric (deceased donor) liver transplant surgery, including complex paediatric liver transplant procedures. Whether you are exploring treatment options for advanced liver disease, considering living donation for a family member, or need specialist hepatobiliary surgical care, our team is equipped to guide you through evaluation, surgery, and long-term recovery. With advanced minimally invasive and robotic surgical capability, comprehensive pre-transplant work-up, and close coordination with our nephrology, critical care, and anaesthesia teams, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for organ transplant and complex hepatobiliary surgical care in western Chennai — offering precise surgery, structured recovery, and lifelong follow-up. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Organ Transplant Care Fellowship-Trained Transplant Surgeon Gold-medallist surgical gastroenterologist with dedicated liver transplant and HPB fellowship training, and 17+ years of experience. Advanced Minimally Invasive Surgery Laparoscopic and robotic hepatobiliary surgery for faster recovery in suitable patients. Rigorous Donor Safety Evaluation Comprehensive, independent assessment placing living donor safety at the centre of every decision. Living Donor & Cadaveric Transplant Options Expertise across both major forms of liver transplantation, including complex paediatric cases. We only recommend what is clinically necessary. Consultations in English and Tamil. Multidisciplinary Transplant Team Close coordination with nephrology, critical care, and anaesthesia for comprehensive, safe transplant care. ### Specialised Organ Transplant & HPB Services Comprehensive liver transplant and hepatobiliary surgical care Specialised Organ Transplant & HPB Services Key Procedures Explained Organ Transplant & HPB Sub-Specialities #### Living Donor Liver Transplantation A carefully evaluated surgical option in which a portion of a healthy, willing donor's liver — often a close family member — is transplanted into the recipient, offering a pathway to transplant without the wait associated with deceased donor allocation. Cadaveric (Deceased Donor) Liver Transplantation Paediatric Liver Transplantation Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery Pre-Transplant Evaluation & Donor Work-Up Post-Transplant Follow-Up & Immunosuppression Management #### Specialised Organ Transplant & HPB Services ##### Cadaveric (Deceased Donor) Liver Transplantation Transplantation using a liver from a deceased donor, coordinated through recognised organ allocation networks, for patients registered on the transplant waiting list. ##### Paediatric Liver Transplantation Specialised transplant surgery for children with congenital liver conditions such as biliary atresia, or other acquired liver diseases, drawing on dedicated paediatric liver transplant training. ##### Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) Surgery Advanced surgical management of complex conditions affecting the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, and pancreas, including both benign and cancerous conditions, using open, laparoscopic, and robotic techniques. ##### Pre-Transplant Evaluation & Donor Work-Up Comprehensive medical, surgical, and psychological evaluation of both transplant candidates and potential living donors, ensuring safety and suitability before proceeding to surgery. ##### Post-Transplant Follow-Up & Immunosuppression Management Structured long-term follow-up after transplant surgery, including immunosuppression monitoring, infection surveillance, and management of any post-transplant complications, in coordination with relevant specialist teams. #### Key Procedures Explained ##### Living Donor Liver Transplant (LDLT) A transplant procedure in which a portion of a healthy, willing donor's liver is surgically removed and transplanted into a recipient with end-stage liver disease. Both the donor's remaining liver and the transplanted portion regenerate to near-normal size over time. ##### Deceased Donor Liver Transplant A transplant procedure using a liver from a deceased donor, allocated through recognised organ-sharing networks based on medical urgency and compatibility, transplanted into a recipient with end-stage liver disease. ##### Minimally Invasive HPB Surgery Surgical procedures on the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, or pancreas performed through small incisions using laparoscopic or robotic-assisted techniques, rather than a large open incision. ##### Pre-Transplant & Donor Work-Up A comprehensive series of medical, surgical, imaging, and psychological assessments performed on both the intended transplant recipient and any potential living donor, to confirm suitability and safety before proceeding. #### Organ Transplant & HPB Sub-Specialities ##### Living Donor Liver Transplantation Comprehensive evaluation and surgical care for living donor liver transplant, including thorough donor safety assessment. ##### Hepatobiliary (HPB) Oncology Surgical management of liver, bile duct, and pancreatic tumours, including complex resections. ##### Minimally Invasive & Robotic GI Surgery Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery for gallbladder, bile duct, and other gastrointestinal conditions. ##### Post-Transplant Care & Immunosuppression Management Structured, lifelong follow-up to monitor graft function and manage immunosuppressive therapy safely. End-Stage Liver Disease — Cirrhosis Advanced, irreversible scarring of the liver resulting from long-standing liver damage due to causes such as chronic hepatitis, alcohol-related liver disease, or fatty liver disease, ultimately impairing the liver's ability to function. Fatigue, jaundice, swelling of the abdomen and legs, easy bruising or bleeding, confusion, and, in advanced stages, vomiting of blood or worsening kidney function. Comprehensive evaluation of disease severity, management of complications, and assessment for liver transplantation — either living donor or deceased donor — once the liver disease reaches an appropriate stage. Acute Liver Failure — Rapid Loss of Liver Function Hepatocellular Carcinoma — Primary Liver Cancer Biliary Atresia — Congenital Bile Duct Condition Diagnostic Services ### Advanced Organ Transplant Diagnostics Accurate evaluation is essential for successful organ transplantation. SRM Prime Hospital provides comprehensive diagnostic and pre-transplant assessment services, coordinated by our organ transplant team to ensure every donor and recipient is thoroughly evaluated for safe, effective, and successful transplant outcomes. Liver Function Tests Blood tests assessing liver enzyme levels, bilirubin, and synthetic liver function — essential for diagnosing liver disease severity and monitoring transplant candidates before and after surgery. Liver Imaging & Volumetry CT and MRI imaging used to assess liver structure, blood vessel anatomy, and precise liver volume — critical for surgical planning in both donors and recipients. Donor Compatibility & Cross-Matching Blood group compatibility testing and cross-matching between donor and recipient to confirm immunological suitability before proceeding to transplant. Cardiac & Anaesthesia Fitness Assessment Comprehensive evaluation of cardiac and overall fitness for major surgery, essential for both transplant recipients and living donors. Tumour Staging Imaging Detailed imaging to stage liver, bile duct, or pancreatic tumours, guiding decisions on surgical resection versus transplantation as the most appropriate treatment. Post-Transplant Surveillance Structured follow-up blood testing and imaging after transplant to monitor graft function, detect rejection early, and guide immunosuppression dosing. ### conditionsAccordion #### Acute Liver Failure — Rapid Loss of Liver Function **What it is:** A rare but serious condition in which the liver loses function rapidly, over days to weeks, in a person without pre-existing liver disease, often due to viral hepatitis, drug toxicity, or other acute insults. **Symptoms:** Jaundice, confusion, bleeding tendency, and rapid deterioration in overall condition, requiring urgent hospital assessment and, in some cases, emergency liver transplantation. **Treatment:** Intensive supportive care, identification and treatment of the underlying cause where possible, and urgent transplant evaluation for patients who do not recover with supportive treatment alone. #### Hepatocellular Carcinoma — Primary Liver Cancer **What it is:** The most common type of primary liver cancer, frequently arising in the setting of chronic liver disease or cirrhosis, requiring careful staging to determine the most appropriate treatment approach. **Symptoms:** Often asymptomatic in early stages, detected through surveillance imaging in high-risk patients. Later symptoms may include abdominal pain, weight loss, jaundice, and worsening liver function. **Treatment:** Detailed tumour staging imaging, and, depending on tumour characteristics and liver function, surgical resection, liver transplantation, or other liver-directed therapies planned by the transplant surgical team. #### Biliary Atresia — Congenital Bile Duct Condition **What it is:** A rare congenital condition in infants in which the bile ducts are blocked or absent, preventing bile from draining from the liver, which can lead to progressive liver damage if not treated. **Symptoms:** Persistent jaundice beyond the first few weeks of life, pale stools, dark urine, and poor weight gain in affected infants. **Treatment:** Early surgical intervention where appropriate, with liver transplantation - including paediatric living donor transplantation - considered for infants who progress to significant liver damage. #### Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Tumours **What it is:** Benign or cancerous growths affecting the liver, bile ducts, gallbladder, or pancreas, ranging from incidental findings to conditions requiring complex surgical management. **Symptoms:** Abdominal pain, jaundice, unexplained weight loss, and, depending on location, digestive symptoms or changes in stool or urine colour. **Treatment:** Detailed imaging-based evaluation, multidisciplinary discussion, and surgical management - including minimally invasive and robotic approaches where appropriate - tailored to the specific tumour type and stage. #### Gallbladder & Bile Duct Disorders **What it is:** A range of conditions affecting the gallbladder and bile ducts, including gallstones, inflammation, strictures, and bile duct injuries, which can cause pain and, if untreated, more serious complications. **Symptoms:** Abdominal pain (often after eating fatty foods), nausea, vomiting, jaundice, and fever if infection is present. **Treatment:** Clinical and imaging evaluation to confirm diagnosis, followed by appropriate surgical management, often using laparoscopic or robotic techniques for faster recovery. #### Portal Hypertension — Raised Pressure in the Liver's Blood Vessels **What it is:** A condition in which pressure rises in the portal venous system, most commonly due to cirrhosis, leading to complications such as enlarged veins in the food pipe and stomach, and fluid accumulation in the abdomen. **Symptoms:** Abdominal swelling, vomiting of blood, black stools, and, in advanced cases, confusion related to liver dysfunction. **Treatment:** Management of underlying liver disease, treatment of specific complications as they arise, and evaluation for liver transplantation in patients with advanced, decompensated disease. #### Chronic Viral Hepatitis-Related Liver Disease **What it is:** Long-standing infection with hepatitis B or C virus, which can lead to progressive liver damage, cirrhosis, and increased risk of liver cancer over time if not adequately managed. **Symptoms:** Often silent for many years, with fatigue and non-specific symptoms in early disease, progressing to signs of cirrhosis and its complications in advanced cases. **Treatment:** Antiviral therapy to control the underlying infection, regular surveillance for liver cancer and disease progression, and transplant evaluation for patients who progress to end-stage liver disease. #### Post-Transplant Complications & Long-Term Care **What it is:** A range of possible complications that can occur after liver transplantation, including rejection, infection, or surgical complications, requiring structured, lifelong monitoring and management. **Symptoms:** Varies depending on the specific complication - may include fever, jaundice, abnormal liver function tests, or general unwellness, often detected through routine surveillance before symptoms develop. **Treatment:** Regular post-transplant follow-up with blood testing and imaging, prompt investigation of any concerning symptoms, and careful adjustment of immunosuppressive medication to balance rejection risk against infection risk. #### Living Donor Evaluation **What it is:** A thorough, dedicated medical and psychological assessment of individuals considering living liver donation, ensuring that donation can proceed safely without compromising the donor's own long-term health. **Symptoms:** Not applicable - this is a proactive evaluation process for healthy individuals considering donation, rather than treatment for an existing condition. Not applicable - this is a proactive evaluation process for healthy individuals considering donation, rather than treatment for an existing condition. **Treatment:** Comprehensive blood testing, imaging including liver volumetry, cardiac and anaesthesia fitness assessment, and independent psychological evaluation, with donor safety as the guiding priority throughout. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to consult the transplant team at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is required, though many patients are referred by their treating physician when advanced liver disease is suspected. You can directly book a consultation with our transplant surgeon — Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V — by calling [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) or booking online at [www.srmhospitals.com](https://srmhospitals.com/). #### What is the difference between living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation? In living donor transplantation, a portion of a healthy, willing donor's liver — often a close relative — is transplanted, avoiding the wait for a deceased donor organ. In deceased donor transplantation, a liver becomes available through recognised organ allocation networks based on medical urgency and compatibility. Our team will help you understand which option may be most appropriate for your situation. #### Is living liver donation safe for the donor? Living liver donation involves a thorough, independent medical and psychological evaluation specifically designed to protect the donor's safety. The liver has a unique capacity to regenerate, and both the donor's remaining liver and the transplanted portion typically regrow to near-normal size over time. Every donor evaluation places donor safety as the highest priority. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital perform liver transplants in children? Yes, our transplant surgeon has dedicated paediatric liver transplant training and experience managing complex paediatric cases, including conditions such as biliary atresia. #### How long does it take to be evaluated for a liver transplant? The pre-transplant evaluation process typically takes place over several visits across a few weeks, involving blood tests, imaging, and fitness assessments for the recipient, and additional evaluation for any potential living donor, to ensure a safe and well-informed decision. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital perform kidney transplant surgery? Our organ transplant surgical programme is focused on liver transplantation and hepatobiliary surgery. For kidney transplantation, our nephrology team provides comprehensive pre-transplant evaluation, donor work-up support, and post-transplant follow-up in coordination with recognised transplant centres. #### What happens after liver transplant surgery? Patients require close monitoring during initial recovery, followed by structured, lifelong follow-up to monitor liver function, manage immunosuppressive medication, and detect any complications early. Our team supports patients through every stage of this journey. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital treat liver cancer without transplantation? Yes, depending on tumour characteristics, staging, and liver function, treatment may involve surgical resection, liver-directed therapies, or transplantation. Our transplant surgeon will discuss the most appropriate option based on your specific situation. #### Can I get a second opinion on my liver condition or transplant options at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on a liver diagnosis, transplant candidacy, or proposed treatment plan. Our transplant surgeon will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person - call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) to schedule. ## Nephrology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/nephrology Summary: Expert kidney care at SRM Prime — leading nephrology hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. Dialysis, CKD management & kidney transplant by top nephrologists. Specialised kidney care and advanced treatment options. About Our Nephrology Department ### Comprehensive Kidney Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Nephrology is dedicated to the complete spectrum of kidney care — from early detection and prevention of chronic kidney disease to advanced dialysis and transplant-support services. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine modern renal-care technology with a patient-first philosophy focused on accessibility, affordability, and dignity of care. Our nephrology unit is led by experienced consultant nephrologists with extensive clinical and dialysis experience, supported by a dedicated team of trained dialysis nurses, renal dietitians, and clinical pharmacists. Whether you are visiting us for a routine kidney health check, managing long-standing chronic kidney disease, or need urgent dialysis support for acute kidney injury, our team is equipped to evaluate, treat, and support you at every step. With a fully equipped in-house dialysis unit, ultrasound-guided renal biopsy services, advanced renal laboratory diagnostics, and close coordination with urology and transplant centres, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for kidney care in western Chennai — offering timely diagnosis, safe dialysis, and compassionate long-term disease management. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Nephrology Care Expertise Across the Full Spectrum of Kidney Diseases Our team of consultant nephrologists, dialysis specialists, and renal care coordinators delivers precise and compassionate care, from early-stage chronic kidney disease management to complex dialysis planning and pre/post-transplant support. Comprehensive In-House Dialysis Unit SRM Prime is equipped with a modern, comfortable dialysis unit enabling safe and effective renal replacement therapy, including maintenance haemodialysis, emergency and inpatient haemodialysis, and peritoneal dialysis initiation and training. Advanced Diagnostic & Interventional Nephrology Ultrasound-guided percutaneous renal biopsy, vascular access creation and care, and in-house renal laboratory diagnostics support fast, accurate treatment decisions. Patient-Centric, Personalised Renal Care Every patient receives an individualised treatment plan built around their kidney function, comorbidities, and lifestyle, including dietary counselling, medication optimisation, and family education on long-term disease management. Convenient Location — Western Chennai Residents of Ramapuram, Porur, Valasaravakkam, Saligramam, Ashok Nagar, and surrounding neighbourhoods can access experienced nephrologists and a fully equipped dialysis unit without travelling across the city. ### Our Nephrology Specialists Our nephrology department is led by experienced consultant nephrologists trained across the full scope of clinical and dialysis nephrology — meaning patients receive expert guidance from consultation through to dialysis initiation, long-term management, and transplant coordination, all within the same trusted team. ##### Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Nephrology 30+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-n-k-ganesh-prasad#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-n-k-ganesh-prasad) ##### Dr. Visweswar Reddy P Senior Consultant – Nephrology 20+ years of experience 09:00 - 18:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-visweswar-reddy#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-visweswar-reddy) ### Specialised Nephrology Services Specialised Nephrology Services Key Procedures Explained Nephrology Sub-Specialities #### Dialysis & Renal Replacement Therapy Our in-house dialysis unit is designed for both scheduled and emergency renal replacement therapy, staffed by trained dialysis nurses under direct nephrologist supervision. Interventional & Diagnostic Nephrology Emergency Nephrology Care - 24×7 Transplant Nephrology & Coordination Chronic Kidney Disease Management & Preventive Nephrology #### Specialised Nephrology Services ##### Interventional & Diagnostic Nephrology From ultrasound-guided renal biopsy to dialysis catheter placement, our interventional nephrology services support precise diagnosis and safe initiation of renal replacement therapy. ##### Emergency Nephrology Care - 24×7 Our nephrology emergency and dialysis team is available around the clock for acute kidney injury, dialysis emergencies, and electrolyte crises. Call 044 3500 3500 immediately for any renal emergency. ##### Transplant Nephrology & Coordination Comprehensive pre-transplant medical evaluation and risk assessment - Coordination with recognised transplant centres for living and deceased donor transplantation - Long-term post-transplant follow-up, immunosuppression monitoring, and infection surveillance - Donor work-up support for family members considering living kidney donation ##### Chronic Kidney Disease Management & Preventive Nephrology Structured CKD clinic - staging, monitoring, and individualised care planning - Early detection screening for high-risk individuals - diabetics, hypertensives, and those with family history - Renal-protective medication optimisation, including SGLT2 inhibitors where indicated - Renal dietitian-led dietary counselling - protein, potassium, phosphorus, and fluid management - Anaemia and bone-mineral disease monitoring and correction in CKD patients #### Key Procedures Explained ##### Maintenance Haemodialysis - Regular Blood Filtration for Kidney Failure A procedure that filters waste products, excess fluid, and electrolytes from the blood using an artificial kidney machine, performed for patients whose kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood on their own. ##### Peritoneal Dialysis - Home-Based Renal Replacement Therapy A form of dialysis that uses the patient's own peritoneal membrane (the lining of the abdomen) as a natural filter, using a special dialysis fluid instilled and drained through a soft catheter. ##### Ultrasound-Guided Renal Biopsy - Definitive Tissue Diagnosis A minimally invasive procedure where a small tissue sample is taken from the kidney under ultrasound guidance, allowing precise microscopic diagnosis of the underlying kidney disease. ##### Dialysis Vascular Access - AV Fistula & Catheter Placement Creation of a reliable access point in the blood vessels to allow blood to be safely and repeatedly withdrawn and returned during haemodialysis - either through a surgically created arteriovenous (AV) fistula, a graft, or a central venous catheter. #### Nephrology Sub-Specialities ##### Preventive & CKD Clinic Early identification and staged management of chronic kidney disease. Personalised risk assessment for diabetics, hypertensives, and those with a family history of kidney disease, with structured monitoring to slow progression. ##### Dialysis Services Comprehensive haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis programme led by experienced nephrologists and trained dialysis nursing staff, supporting both scheduled and emergency renal replacement therapy. ##### Interventional Nephrology Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy, temporary and semi-permanent dialysis catheter insertion, and coordination for permanent vascular access creation. ##### Glomerular & Autoimmune Kidney Disease Clinic Diagnosis and management of glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, lupus nephritis, and vasculitis-related kidney disease, including immunosuppressive therapy protocols. ##### Critical Care Nephrology Management of acute kidney injury and electrolyte emergencies in critically ill patients, with bedside dialysis support in coordination with our intensive care team. Chronic Kidney Disease — Progressive Loss of Kidney Function A long-standing condition in which the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood, most commonly caused by diabetes, hypertension, and glomerular disease. Staged from 1 (mild) to 5 (kidney failure) based on eGFR. Often silent in early stages. As it progresses: fatigue, swelling of the legs and face, reduced appetite, nausea, itching, difficulty concentrating, and changes in urine output. Regular monitoring of kidney function, strict blood pressure and diabetes control, renal-protective medications, dietary modification, and timely planning for dialysis or transplantation as the disease advances. Acute Kidney Injury — Sudden Decline in Kidney Function Diabetic Nephropathy - Kidney Damage from Diabetes Hypertensive Nephropathy - Kidney Damage from High Blood Pressure Diagnostic & Laboratory Services ### Advanced Nephrology Diagnostics Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of safe and effective kidney care. SRM Prime Hospital provides a comprehensive renal diagnostic platform, coordinated by our nephrology team to ensure every investigation is clinically directed and correctly interpreted. Renal Function Tests (RFT) Serum creatinine, urea, electrolytes, and estimated GFR (eGFR) — the foundational blood tests for assessing kidney function and staging chronic kidney disease. Results typically available within hours. Urine Routine & Microscopy Detects protein, blood, glucose, and infection in urine, and examines cellular casts under microscopy — essential first-line screening for kidney disease and urinary tract infection. 24-Hour Urine Protein / Spot PCR Quantifies the amount of protein lost in urine over 24 hours, or via a convenient spot protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) — used to diagnose and monitor nephrotic-range proteinuria and CKD progression. Renal & Doppler Ultrasonography Non-invasive imaging of kidney size, structure, and blood flow. Identifies obstruction, cysts, stones, and assesses blood flow in renal arteries and veins, including vascular access surveillance. Electrolyte & Acid-Base Panel Sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, bicarbonate, and blood gas analysis — critical for detecting and correcting the metabolic disturbances that accompany kidney dysfunction. Renal Biopsy Histopathology Detailed microscopic, immunofluorescence, and (where indicated) electron microscopic analysis of kidney tissue — the definitive diagnostic tool for glomerular and autoimmune kidney diseases. Immunological & Autoimmune Workup ANA, ANCA, complement levels, and other specialised blood tests to identify autoimmune and immune-mediated causes of kidney disease such as lupus nephritis and vasculitis. Bone-Mineral & Anaemia Profile Parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, calcium-phosphorus product, iron studies, and haemoglobin — monitored regularly in CKD patients to detect and manage renal bone disease and anaemia. ### Nephrology Emergencies — 24/7 care for urgent kidney condition Call immediately for any nephrology emergency. 24×7 Renal Emergency & Dialysis Team Emergency haemodialysis for acute kidney injury Rapid electrolyte crisis management Bedside temporary dialysis catheter insertion Inpatient dialysis support for critically ill patients Close coordination with critical care and cardiology teams ### conditionsAccordion #### Acute Kidney Injury — Sudden Decline in Kidney Function **What it is:** A rapid decline in kidney function occurring over hours to days, often triggered by severe infection, dehydration, blood loss, certain medications, or obstruction of the urinary tract. Frequently reversible with prompt treatment. **Symptoms:** Reduced urine output, swelling, breathlessness, confusion, nausea, and fatigue. Often occurs in the setting of another serious illness or after major surgery. **Treatment:** Identification and correction of the underlying cause, careful fluid and electrolyte management, temporary dialysis support when required, and close monitoring until kidney function recovers. #### Diabetic Nephropathy - Kidney Damage from Diabetes **What it is:** The most common cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide, resulting from long-standing high blood sugar levels damaging the small filtering units (glomeruli) of the kidney. **Symptoms:** Early disease is silent, detected only through urine protein testing. Later stages bring swelling, fatigue, foamy urine, and rising blood pressure. **Treatment:** Tight blood sugar and blood pressure control, ACE inhibitors or ARBs, SGLT2 inhibitors, dietary protein moderation, and regular monitoring of kidney function and urine protein. #### Hypertensive Nephropathy - Kidney Damage from High Blood Pressure **What it is:** Long-standing uncontrolled high blood pressure damages the small blood vessels within the kidneys, gradually reducing their filtering capacity and contributing to chronic kidney disease. **Symptoms:** Usually asymptomatic until significant kidney damage has occurred. May present with worsening blood pressure control, swelling, or incidental findings on blood and urine tests. **Treatment:** Strict blood pressure control to individualised targets, renal-protective antihypertensive medications, dietary sodium restriction, and regular monitoring of kidney function. #### Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation of the Kidney's Filtering Units **What it is:** A group of diseases in which the glomeruli — the kidney's tiny filtering units — become inflamed, often due to autoimmune conditions, infections, or immune-complex deposition. Can be acute or chronic. **Symptoms:** Blood in urine (often tea- or cola-coloured), foamy urine, swelling of the face and legs, high blood pressure, and reduced urine output in more severe cases. **Treatment:** Urine and blood testing, renal biopsy for precise diagnosis, and treatment tailored to the specific type — ranging from blood pressure control to immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune forms. #### Nephrotic Syndrome - Heavy Protein Loss in Urine **What it is:** A condition characterised by heavy loss of protein in the urine, low blood protein (albumin) levels, and significant swelling, resulting from damage to the glomerular filtering barrier. **Symptoms:** Marked swelling of the legs, face (especially around the eyes), and abdomen, frothy urine, weight gain from fluid retention, and increased susceptibility to infections and blood clots. **Treatment:** Renal biopsy to determine the underlying cause, dietary sodium and fluid restriction, diuretics for swelling, and disease-specific therapy including immunosuppressive treatment where indicated. #### Polycystic Kidney Disease - Inherited Cystic Kidney Disorder **What it is:** A genetic condition in which numerous fluid-filled cysts develop within the kidneys, progressively enlarging them and impairing function over time. Often runs in families. **Symptoms:** High blood pressure, back or flank pain, blood in urine, recurrent urinary infections, and — in advanced disease — progressive decline in kidney function. **Treatment:** Blood pressure control, pain management, monitoring of kidney size and function through regular imaging, genetic counselling for family members, and planning for renal replacement therapy in advanced disease. #### Urinary Tract Infection & Pyelonephritis - Infection Affecting the Kidneys **What it is:** Infection of the urinary tract that has ascended to involve the kidneys (pyelonephritis), or recurrent infections that pose a risk to kidney function, particularly in patients with diabetes, stones, or structural abnormalities. **Symptoms:** Fever with chills, flank or back pain, burning or frequent urination, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and — in severe cases — nausea, vomiting, and confusion. **Treatment:** Urine culture-guided antibiotic therapy, imaging to rule out obstruction or abscess, and evaluation for underlying structural or metabolic risk factors in patients with recurrent infections. #### Electrolyte & Acid-Base Disorders - Metabolic Imbalances Affecting the Kidneys **What it is:** Disturbances in sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, or blood acidity that commonly accompany kidney dysfunction, certain medications, or systemic illness, and can be life-threatening if severe. **Symptoms:** Muscle weakness or cramps, irregular heartbeat, confusion, nausea, and — in severe cases — cardiac arrhythmia or seizures. **Treatment:** Prompt laboratory identification, targeted correction with intravenous or oral therapy, dietary modification, and, in severe or refractory cases, urgent dialysis. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see a nephrologist at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our nephrologists - Dr. Aravind Krishnan or Dr. Priya Raghavan - by calling [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) or booking online at [www.srmhospitals.com](https://srmhospitals.com/). #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have an in-house dialysis unit? Yes, we have a fully equipped in-house dialysis unit offering haemodialysis, emergency dialysis, and peritoneal dialysis training and support, staffed by trained dialysis nurses under nephrologist supervision. #### How do I know if I have chronic kidney disease? Chronic kidney disease is often silent in its early stages. A simple blood test (serum creatinine with eGFR) and a urine test for protein are usually sufficient for initial screening, particularly if you have diabetes, high blood pressure, or a family history of kidney disease. #### Is a renal biopsy painful? Do I need general anaesthesia? A renal biopsy is performed under local anaesthesia and is generally well tolerated. You may feel brief pressure or a dull ache during the procedure. Most patients are observed overnight and discharged the following day. #### What is the difference between haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis? Haemodialysis filters the blood using a machine, typically performed at the hospital three times a week. Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen as a natural filter and can be performed at home daily after proper training. Our nephrologists will help you choose the option best suited to your lifestyle and medical condition. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital perform kidney transplant surgery? No, SRM Prime Hospital does not perform kidney transplant surgery on-site. However, we provide comprehensive pre-transplant evaluation, donor work-up support, and long-term post-transplant follow-up care in coordination with recognised transplant centres. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have a 24/7 renal emergency service? Yes. Our renal emergency line - 044 3500 3500 - is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for acute kidney injury, dialysis emergencies, and electrolyte crises. Our team is equipped to initiate rapid assessment and urgent dialysis when required. Yes. Our renal emergency line - [044 3500 3500](tel:044 3500 3500) - is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for acute kidney injury, dialysis emergencies, and electrolyte crises. Our team is equipped to initiate rapid assessment and urgent dialysis when required. #### Can dialysis patients travel or continue working? Many patients on maintenance dialysis continue to work and travel with appropriate planning. Our team can help coordinate dialysis schedules around your routine and, where feasible, arrange dialysis sessions to support travel needs. #### Can I get a second opinion on my kidney condition at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on a kidney diagnosis, biopsy report, or proposed dialysis or treatment plan. Our nephrologists will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person - call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) to schedule. ## Urology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/urology Summary: Advanced urology care at SRM Prime — the trusted urology hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. Kidney stone, prostate, UTI & bladder treatment by top urologists. Expert care for kidney, bladder, and urinary tract conditions. About Our Urology Department ### Advanced Urological Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Urology Department delivers advanced, evidence-based, and minimally invasive care for the full spectrum of urological conditions — from kidney stones and prostate disorders to urinary tract infections, bladder disease, urological cancers, and complex reconstructive urology. As a leading urology hospital in Chennai, we bring together exceptional surgical expertise, cutting-edge technology, and a deeply patient-centred philosophy to transform outcomes across western Chennai and beyond. Our department is led by Prof. Dr. R. Manikandan — Clinical Lead and Senior Consultant in Urology with over 20 years of specialist experience, an M.Ch. in Urology from JIPMER Pondicherry, and internationally recognised fellowships in robotic uro-oncology (USA), renal transplantation (Spain), and reconstructive urology (Germany). With over 400 kidney transplants and more than 500 robotic surgeries to his credit, Prof. Dr. Manikandan brings a level of surgical depth and complexity management that is rare outside major tertiary centres. From your first consultation — whether for a kidney stone, urinary symptoms, prostate concern, or a complex oncological diagnosis — SRM Prime Hospital's Urology Department provides a complete, personalised pathway of care. Our commitment is to restore urinary health, preserve organ function, and return patients to their normal lives with the least possible disruption. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Urology Care Internationally Fellowship-Trained Leadership Clinical Lead with internationally recognised fellowships in robotic uro-oncology (USA), renal transplantation (Spain), and reconstructive urology (Germany) — bringing tertiary-centre expertise to western Chennai. Advanced Laser & Endourological Stone Management Comprehensive stone disease management — URS, RIRS, PCNL, and laser lithotripsy (MOSES 2.0 Holmium) — for stones of all sizes and locations, from kidney to ureter to bladder. Uro-Oncology — Robotic Radical and Reconstructive Surgery Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, radical nephrectomy, radical cystectomy, and urinary diversion — delivering precision cancer surgery with reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stay, and faster recovery. 400+ Kidney Transplants & 500+ Robotic Surgeries One of Tamil Nadu's most experienced urological surgeons — with a volume and complexity of practice across kidney transplant, robotic surgery, and reconstructive urology that rivals leading academic centres. Minimally Invasive Prostate Care — MOSES 2.0 HoLEP Laser TURP, laser TURP (HoLEP), MOSES 2.0 laser enucleation for BPH — offering durable, bleeding-minimised prostate treatment with faster catheter removal and return to normal voiding. 24×7 Urological Emergency Cover Round-the-clock emergency management for acute urinary retention, urosepsis, haematuria, renal colic, urological trauma, and testicular torsion — with dedicated urology emergency protocols. ### Meet Our Urology Team Our Urology Department is led by one of Tamil Nadu's most accomplished urological surgeons — a clinician, academic, and innovator whose career spans over two decades of complex urological practice at national and international levels. ##### Prof. Dr. Manikandan R Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Urology 20+ years of experience Tamil • English [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-r-manikandan#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-r-manikandan) ##### Dr. Suresh G Consultant – Urology 9+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-suresh-g#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-suresh-g) ### Specialised Urology Services at SRM Prime Hospital Complete medical and surgical urological care Stone Disease Management — Kidney & Urinary Stone Services Prostate Care Services — BPH & Prostate Cancer Robotic & Laparoscopic Urology Renal Transplant Services Endoscopic Urology & Day-Care Procedures Uro-Oncology Services Male Urology & Andrology Services Functional Urology & Reconstructive Services #### RIRS — Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery Flexible ureteroscopy with MOSES 2.0 / Holmium laser for kidney stones up to 2 cm. The flexible scope navigates the ureter and renal collecting system, accessing stones in all calyceal locations without any incision. Stones are fragmented to dust and cleared. Day-care procedure for eligible patients. Preferred for stones not amenable to ESWL and as an alternative to PCNL for selected cases. URS — Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy PCNL — Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ESWL — Shock Wave Lithotripsy Metabolic Stone Evaluation Ureteric Stent Management #### Stone Disease Management — Kidney & Urinary Stone Services ##### URS — Ureteroscopy with Laser Lithotripsy Rigid or semi-rigid ureteroscopy for ureteric stones — accessing stones in the lower, mid, and upper ureter under direct vision. MOSES 2.0 or Holmium laser fragmentation with Dormia basket extraction. Highly effective for ureteric stones of all sizes. Performed under spinal or general anaesthesia; ureteric stent inserted post-procedure and removed at 2–4 weeks. ##### PCNL — Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Minimally invasive percutaneous access to the kidney for large renal stones (>2 cm), staghorn calculi, and stones not cleared by RIRS or ESWL. A tract is created through the skin into the kidney under ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance; nephroscope is passed and stones fragmented with pneumatic or laser energy. Standard, mini, and ultra-mini PCNL tracks available. ##### ESWL — Shock Wave Lithotripsy Non-invasive fragmentation of kidney and ureteric stones ≤2 cm using focused extracorporeal shock waves. No anaesthesia or incision required. Performed as an outpatient procedure. Appropriate for radiopaque stones in the renal pelvis and upper ureter in patients with normal urinary drainage and no anatomical obstruction. ##### Metabolic Stone Evaluation Comprehensive evaluation of recurrent stone formers — 24-hour urine chemistry (calcium, oxalate, urate, citrate, phosphate, creatinine), serum calcium, uric acid, PTH, stone composition analysis (FTIR spectroscopy). Dietary counselling, hydration targets, and pharmacological prevention (thiazide, allopurinol, potassium citrate, pyridoxine) to reduce recurrence risk. ##### Ureteric Stent Management DJ (double-J) ureteric stent insertion and removal — for ureteric obstruction from stones, strictures, post-surgical oedema, or extrinsic compression. Nephrostomy tube insertion for urgent renal decompression in infected obstructed systems (urosepsis) and high-grade hydronephrosis. #### Prostate Care Services — BPH & Prostate Cancer ##### MOSES 2.0 HoLEP — Laser Prostate Enucleation Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) using the MOSES 2.0 platform — Tamil Nadu's most advanced laser prostate surgery. Anatomical enucleation of prostatic adenoma lobes followed by morcellation. Durable results with low retreatment rate; suitable for all prostate sizes including very large prostates (>80 ml); minimal bleeding; rapid catheter removal (24–48 hours); day 1–2 discharge. ##### TURP — Transurethral Resection of Prostate Bipolar TURP (B-TURP) — the gold-standard endoscopic surgery for BPH. Resection of obstructing prostatic tissue using bipolar electrosurgery under saline irrigation — eliminating TUR syndrome risk. Indicated for moderate prostate size (30–80 ml). Monopolar TURP available where clinically appropriate. ##### Prostate Cancer Workup & Staging PSA testing and risk stratification; multiparametric MRI prostate (mpMRI) — PI-RADS scoring; MRI-targeted (cognitive fusion and software fusion) biopsy using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guidance; systematic 12-core TRUS biopsy; Gleason grading and ISUP grade group classification; bone scan and CT for staging of high-risk disease. ##### Robotic Radical Prostatectomy (RARP) Robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer — offering 3D magnified visualisation, tremor-free precision dissection, and superior nerve-sparing technique for preservation of continence and erectile function. Estimated blood loss <200 ml; discharge within 2–3 days; catheter removal at 7–10 days. ##### Active Surveillance & Watchful Waiting Structured active surveillance protocol for very low-risk and low-risk localised prostate cancer (PSA <10, Gleason 6, cT1c–T2a) — serial PSA at 3-monthly intervals, annual mpMRI, and repeat biopsy at 12 months and 2 years. Avoids overtreatment while maintaining curative window for reclassification. ##### Medical Management of BPH Evidence-based pharmacological management for symptomatic BPH — alpha-1-blockers (tamsulosin, silodosin) for symptom relief; 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride, dutasteride) for volume reduction; combination therapy; anticholinergics and beta-3 agonists (mirabegron) for storage symptoms (OAB); clinical reassessment and flowmetry monitoring. #### Robotic & Laparoscopic Urology ##### Robotic Radical Cystectomy + Urinary Diversion Robot-assisted radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer — with intracorporeal or extracorporeal urinary diversion (ileal conduit, orthotopic neobladder, or continent cutaneous diversion). Significantly reduced blood loss, minimal transfusion requirement, and faster return of bowel function versus open surgery. ##### Robotic Partial Nephrectomy (Nephron-Sparing) Robotic partial nephrectomy for renal tumours (T1a/T1b, <7 cm) — offering oncological equivalence to radical nephrectomy while preserving maximal functional renal parenchyma. Warm ischaemia time minimised through off-clamp and selective clamping techniques. Hilar tumours and complex endophytic masses managed with robotic precision. ##### Robotic Radical Nephrectomy Robot-assisted radical nephrectomy for large renal tumours (>7 cm), locally advanced renal cell carcinoma, and cases where nephron-sparing is not technically feasible. Simultaneous adrenalectomy and regional lymph node dissection performed where indicated. ##### Laparoscopic Pyeloplasty Dismembered laparoscopic pyeloplasty (Anderson-Hynes) for ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction — congenital or acquired. Crossing vessel identification; Foley YV-plasty where applicable. Success rate >95% at 1 year on diuretic renography. Adult and paediatric cases managed. ##### Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy Retroperitoneoscopic and transperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy for adrenal adenoma, phaeochromocytoma (with pre-operative alpha-blockade), adrenal incidentaloma with malignancy concern, primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome), and Cushing's syndrome. Minimal blood loss and fast recovery. ##### Laparoscopic Nephrectomy Laparoscopic simple, radical, and donor nephrectomy — for non-functioning kidneys (pyonephrosis, calculous disease, renovascular hypertension), renal tumours, and living-donor transplantation. Hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy for large kidneys where required. #### Renal Transplant Services ##### Living-Donor Renal Transplantation Living-related donor kidney transplantation — from pre-transplant evaluation of both donor and recipient through to surgical transplantation and post-operative immunosuppression management. Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy to minimise donor morbidity; excellent graft function outcomes. ##### Cadaveric (Deceased Donor) Transplantation Deceased donor renal transplantation through Tamil Nadu state organ sharing network (TRANSTAN). Managed by an experienced transplant team with protocols for extended-criteria donor kidneys, and dual kidney transplants. ##### Pre-Transplant Workup & Recipient Evaluation Comprehensive recipient evaluation — cardiology clearance, cross-match and HLA typing, virology screen, urology assessment of lower urinary tract, dialysis optimisation, and psychosocial assessment. Donor workup — surgical, renal functional, anatomical (CT angiography), and medical evaluation. ##### Post-Transplant Care & Immunosuppression Structured post-transplant follow-up — tacrolimus/mycophenolate/prednisolone-based immunosuppression; therapeutic drug monitoring; rejection surveillance; graft function monitoring (creatinine, proteinuria); surveillance renal biopsy at 3 months; management of infections and metabolic complications. ##### Transplant Complication Management Diagnosis and management of acute and chronic rejection — biopsy-proven; vascular complications (renal artery/vein thrombosis, renal artery stenosis); urological complications (ureteric leak, ureteric stricture, lymphocele); and opportunistic infections (CMV, BK virus). #### Endoscopic Urology & Day-Care Procedures ##### Cystoscopy — Diagnostic & Therapeutic Flexible and rigid cystoscopy — direct visualisation of the urethra, bladder neck, and bladder mucosa. Diagnostic cystoscopy for haematuria, recurrent UTI, bladder cancer surveillance (check cystoscopy), and urethral stricture assessment. Therapeutic: biopsy, foreign body removal, ureteric stent change, and bladder stone fragmentation. ##### TURBT — Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour Endoscopic resection of bladder tumours for histological diagnosis, staging (muscle invasion assessment), and initial treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). En-bloc resection technique where applicable. ##### Intravesical Therapy BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) immunotherapy instillation for intermediate and high-risk NMIBC — induction and maintenance courses. Intravesical chemotherapy (mitomycin C) for low-risk NMIBC — single post-TURBT dose and sequential courses for recurrent disease. ##### Urethral Dilation & Optical Urethrotomy Endoscopic treatment of urethral strictures — optical internal urethrotomy (OIU) using cold knife or laser under direct vision; urethral dilation with filiforms and followers. Clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) instruction for stricture maintenance post-urethrotomy. ##### Bladder Stone Management Cystoscopic bladder stone fragmentation — pneumatic or laser lithotripsy — for bladder calculi. Percutaneous suprapubic cystolithotomy for very large bladder stones or where transurethral approach is not feasible. Assessment of underlying cause (BPH, bladder diverticulum, foreign body). ##### Minor Urological Procedures Urethral catheterisation (in- and out-patient, standard and suprapubic); nephrostomy tube change; DJ stent insertion under sedation; circumcision; hydrocelectomy; vasectomy; prepuceplasty; and penile frenuloplasty — as day-care or short-stay procedures. #### Uro-Oncology Services ##### Bladder Cancer Management TURBT for staging; intravesical BCG and chemotherapy for NMIBC; cystoscopic surveillance programme; robotic radical cystectomy with ileal conduit or neobladder for MIBC; coordination with oncology for perioperative chemotherapy (MVAC, GC) and immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) for advanced disease. ##### Prostate Cancer Management PSA screening and counselling; mpMRI prostate and targeted biopsy; active surveillance for low-risk disease; robotic radical prostatectomy for localised cancer; coordination with radiation oncology for definitive radiotherapy and post-operative radiotherapy; ADT (androgen deprivation therapy) for advanced disease; PSMA PET-CT coordination for staging and recurrence detection. ##### Renal Cell Carcinoma Management CT/MRI characterisation of renal masses; robotic partial or radical nephrectomy; active surveillance for small incidental renal masses; coordination with oncology for systemic therapy (TKIs, immunotherapy) for metastatic RCC. ##### Testicular Cancer Management Radical orchidectomy via inguinal approach; tumour markers (AFP, beta-HCG, LDH) pre- and post-operatively; CT staging for lymph node and distant metastasis assessment; robotic retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for selected cases; oncology coordination for BEP chemotherapy and surveillance protocols. ##### Adrenal Tumour Management Characterisation of adrenal incidentaloma — CT Hounsfield unit analysis; MRI chemical shift imaging; biochemical screen (metanephrines, cortisol, aldosterone/renin ratio). Laparoscopic and robotic adrenalectomy for functional adrenal tumours, phaeochromocytoma, adenoma >4 cm, and suspicious lesions. #### Male Urology & Andrology Services ##### Erectile Dysfunction (ED) Systematic evaluation of erectile dysfunction — International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire; cardiovascular risk assessment (ED as a marker of subclinical cardiovascular disease); penile Doppler ultrasound with vasoactive injection (papaverine or alprostadil) for vascular assessment. Treatment: PDE-5 inhibitors (sildenafil, tadalafil); intracavernosal injection therapy; vacuum erection device; surgical — semi rigid and inflatable penile prosthesis implantation. ##### Male Infertility Evaluation Semen analysis (WHO criteria 2021) — concentration, motility (progressive and total), morphology (strict Kruger criteria), volume, and pH. Hormonal assessment (FSH, LH, testosterone, prolactin); scrotal Doppler ultrasound for varicocele; testicular biopsy (TESA/TESE) for azoospermia evaluation; genetic testing (karyotype, Y-microdeletion). Varicocelectomy (microsurgical) for clinical varicocele with abnormal semen parameters, microsurgical varicocelectomy reversal. ##### Peyronie's Disease Assessment of penile curvature, plaque size, and erectile function — penile Doppler. Conservative management with intralesional collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injections for stable disease. Surgical correction — plaque incision or excision with grafting; plication procedures (Nesbit) for mild curvature; penile prosthesis with intraoperative modelling for severe curvature with ED. ##### Hypogonadism & Low Testosterone Evaluation of hypogonadism — serum total testosterone (morning), SHBG, calculated free testosterone, LH, FSH, prolactin. Primary vs secondary classification. Treatment: testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) — injectable testosterone esters (Sustanon), transdermal gel, or buccal — with monitoring of haematocrit, PSA, and cardiovascular parameters. ##### Scrotal & Testicular Conditions Diagnosis and management of varicocele (clinical and subclinical), hydrocele, epididymal cyst, spermatocele, epididymo-orchitis, and testicular torsion (surgical emergency). Surgical: microsurgical varicocelectomy (subinguinal approach), hydrocelectomy, epididymal cyst excision, and orchidopexy for torsion. #### Functional Urology & Reconstructive Services ##### Urethral Stricture — Urethroplasty Assessment of urethral stricture — retrograde urethrogram (RGU) and micturating cystourethrogram (MCU); urethroscopy; uroflowmetry. Endoscopic: optical urethrotomy (short strictures <1 cm). Open reconstructive: anastomotic urethroplasty (bulbar strictures); oral mucosal graft (OMG) urethroplasty — Barbagli technique — for longer and pan-bulbar strictures; staged Johanson urethroplasty for pendulous and complex strictures. Single-stage substitution urethroplasty is also preferred for selected patients with long-segment urethral strictures. ##### UPJ Obstruction — Pyeloplasty Evaluation of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction — DTPA diuretic renogram for drainage assessment; CT urogram for anatomy and crossing vessel identification. Laparoscopic or robotic Anderson-Hynes dismembered pyeloplasty — gold standard; >95% success. Retrograde endopyelotomy for selected cases of recurrent UPJ obstruction. ##### Bladder Outlet Obstruction & Voiding Dysfunction Urodynamic assessment — cystometry, pressure-flow study, sphincter EMG — for voiding dysfunction, neurogenic bladder, and detrusor underactivity. Urethral catheterisation and clean intermittent self-catheterisation (CISC) teaching. ##### Urinary Incontinence Assessment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in both men and women — urodynamic study, pad weight test, and cough stress test. Post-prostatectomy incontinence management — pelvic floor physiotherapy, and artificial urinary sphincter (AMS 800) for severe cases. Female SUI: mid-urethral sling (TVT / TOT). ##### Vesicoureteric Reflux (VUR) Evaluation of VUR — voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), DMSA renal scar scan, grading (Grades I–V). Conservative management with low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis for lower grades. Endoscopic subureteric injection (STING/HIT procedure) for Grade III–IV VUR. Laparoscopic ureteric reimplantation (Cohen or Lich-Gregoir) for persistent high-grade VUR. Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis) — The Most Common Urological Emergency Kidney stones (renal calculi or urolithiasis) are crystalline deposits that form within the renal collecting system when urinary solutes — calcium, oxalate, uric acid, struvite, or cystine — precipitate and aggregate. Urolithiasis affects approximately 12% of the Indian population over a lifetime, with recurrence rates of 50% at 5 years without preventive intervention. Tamil Nadu, with its hot climate and dietary patterns high in oxalate-rich foods, has particularly high stone prevalence. Stones range from a few millimetres (passing spontaneously) to staghorn calculi occupying the entire renal pelvis and calyces. Severe, colicky flank pain (renal colic) — often described as the worst pain a patient has experienced; pain radiates from the flank to the groin, scrotum, or labia as the stone descends the ureter; nausea and vomiting; haematuria — frank (visible) or microscopic blood in urine; urinary urgency and frequency (lower ureteric stones); inability to find a comfortable position (unlike peritonitis, patients are restless); fever and rigors if infection supervenes (infected obstruction — urological emergency); and asymptomatic incidental stones on imaging. Emergency: urine dipstick (haematuria), urine culture (exclude infection), serum creatinine (renal function), renal ultrasound, and non-contrast CT KUB (gold standard) — identifies all stone types, size, location, and degree of obstruction. Metabolic workup for recurrent formers: 24-hour urine chemistry and stone composition analysis. Treatment by stone size and location: <5 mm — conservative (hydration, alpha-blocker for ureteric stones); 5–10 mm ureteric — URS + laser lithotripsy; <2 cm renal — RIRS (MOSES 2.0 flexible ureteroscopy); >2 cm renal — PCNL. Infected obstructed kidney: emergency drainage (nephrostomy or ureteric stent) followed by definitive stone clearance after infection resolution. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) — Enlarged Prostate Prostate Cancer — Diagnosis, Staging & Treatment Bladder Cancer — Blood in Urine, TURBT & Treatment Diagnostic Services #### Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) — Enlarged Prostate Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) divided into: Storage symptoms — urinary frequency (voiding more than 8 times in 24 hours); nocturia (waking ≥2 times per night to void); urgency (sudden compelling desire to void); and urge incontinence. Voiding symptoms — poor flow (weak urinary stream); hesitancy (difficulty initiating voiding); intermittency (stream starts and stops); terminal dribbling; sensation of incomplete bladder emptying. Post-void symptoms — post-micturition dribble. Acute urinary retention — sudden, painful complete inability to void, requiring emergency catheterisation. #### Prostate Cancer — Diagnosis, Staging & Treatment Early prostate cancer is often completely asymptomatic — detected only on PSA screening. Locally advanced disease: urinary symptoms similar to BPH (frequency, nocturia, weak flow), haematuria, haematospermia, or perineal discomfort. Metastatic disease: bone pain (spine, pelvis, ribs — most common metastatic sites); pathological fractures; neurological symptoms (spinal cord compression from vertebral metastases); weight loss and fatigue; and lower limb lymphoedema from pelvic nodal disease. #### Bladder Cancer — Blood in Urine, TURBT & Treatment Painless visible haematuria (frank blood in urine — the cardinal symptom of bladder cancer; present in 85% of cases); microscopic haematuria detected on urine dipstick or microscopy; irritative lower urinary tract symptoms — frequency, urgency, and dysuria (particularly in CIS — carcinoma in situ); recurrent urinary tract infections in a man without a urological risk factor; and in advanced disease — pelvic pain, hydronephrosis, lower limb lymphoedema, and constitutional symptoms (weight loss, fatigue). #### Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) — Simple, Recurrent & Complicated Lower UTI (cystitis): dysuria (burning on urination); urinary frequency and urgency; haematuria; foul-smelling or cloudy urine; suprapubic discomfort; and low-grade fever. Upper UTI (pyelonephritis): high fever with rigors; loin pain (unilateral flank tenderness); nausea and vomiting; systemically unwell; and positive urine dipstick with pyuria and bacteriuria. Severe pyelonephritis and urosepsis: sepsis with hypotension, tachycardia, and clinical deterioration — requiring hospital admission and intravenous antibiotics. #### Urethral Stricture — Narrowing of the Urethra **What it is:** A urethral stricture is a pathological narrowing of the urethra resulting from fibrosis (spongiofibrosis) of the corpus spongiosum — causing progressive obstruction to urinary flow. In the Indian context, the most common causes are inflammatory (gonorrhoeal urethritis — now less common; non-specific urethritis), traumatic (perineal or pelvic fracture urethral injury, instrumentation injury), and iatrogenic (post-catheterisation, post-TURP, post-hypospadias repair). Untreated urethral stricture leads to incomplete bladder emptying, recurrent UTI, bladder diverticulum, hydronephrosis, and eventually renal impairment. **Symptoms:** Progressively worsening urinary stream — from a thin, weak stream to a fine trickle or complete urinary retention; straining to initiate voiding; prolonged voiding time; post-void dribbling; sensation of incomplete bladder emptying; spraying or forked urinary stream; urinary tract infections — recurrent epididymo-orchitis (in men) or pyelonephritis; acute urinary retention; and haematuria. #### Male Infertility & Erectile Dysfunction Male infertility: failure to conceive after ≥12 months of regular unprotected intercourse; small, soft testes (primary testicular failure); varicocele — dilated scrotal veins (most common correctable cause); absent vas deferens (congenital bilateral absence — CBAVD); previous orchitis, epididymitis, or STI. Erectile dysfunction: difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection; erections insufficient for penetration; reduced libido (hypogonadism); loss of early morning erections; performance anxiety; and depression or relationship impact. ### Advanced Urology Diagnostics Accurate urological diagnosis depends on the right investigation at the right time. SRM Prime Hospital provides a comprehensive urological diagnostic platform — all coordinated by Prof. Dr. Manikandan to ensure clinical efficiency and diagnostic precision. Non-Contrast CT KUB (CT Urinary Tract) Gold standard for kidney stone detection — identifies all stone types (including uric acid stones invisible on plain X-ray), stone size, location, HU density, and degree of ureteric obstruction. Also used for trauma, renal mass characterisation, and pre-surgical planning. CT Urogram (with contrast) Evaluation of haematuria — assessment of renal parenchyma, upper tract urothelium (TCC), and bladder. Renal mass characterisation (enhancement pattern). Pre-surgical planning for complex stone disease and upper tract reconstruction. 3T MRI Prostate (mpMRI) Multiparametric MRI with PI-RADS reporting — T2W, DWI (ADC map), and DCE sequences for prostate cancer detection, localisation, and staging (capsular invasion, seminal vesicle involvement). Used for targeted prostate biopsy planning and active surveillance monitoring. Ultrasound KUB & Renal Doppler First-line imaging — hydronephrosis, renal cysts (Bosniak classification), prostate volume and morphology, residual urine (PVR), scrotal Doppler (varicocele, torsion, epididymo-orchitis), penile Doppler with vasoactive injection for ED evaluation. Uroflowmetry & Post-Void Residual (PVR) Non-invasive assessment of voiding function — maximum flow rate (Qmax), voiding time, voided volume, and flow curve pattern. Plateau pattern = stricture; prolonged low flow = BPH. PVR: >150 ml = significant retention. Essential before BPH surgery and stricture repair. Urodynamic Studies (UDS) Full urodynamic assessment for voiding dysfunction — filling cystometry (bladder sensation, compliance, detrusor overactivity); pressure-flow study (Bladder Outlet Obstruction Index, detrusor contractility); sphincter EMG; and video-urodynamics for neurogenic bladder and complex incontinence. Retrograde Urethrogram (RGU) & MCU Definitive imaging for urethral strictures — location, length, calibre, and multiplicity. MCU provides proximal extent and simultaneous bladder assessment. Essential pre-operative evaluation for urethroplasty planning. DTPA / DMSA Renal Scintigraphy DTPA diuretic renogram — split renal function and drainage assessment for UPJ obstruction and post-pyeloplasty follow-up. DMSA scan — cortical scar assessment for VUR-related renal damage and differential renal function before nephrectomy. PSA & Tumour Markers PSA (total, free:total ratio, PSA density, PSA velocity) for prostate cancer screening and monitoring. AFP, beta-HCG, LDH for testicular cancer staging. Urine NMP-22 and cytology for bladder cancer surveillance. 24-hour urine stone chemistry for metabolic evaluation. Flexible Cystoscopy Direct endoscopic visualisation of urethra and bladder under local anaesthesia — evaluation of haematuria, recurrent UTI, LUTS, bladder cancer surveillance, stent assessment. Blue-light (photodynamic) cystoscopy for enhanced tumour detection in bladder cancer follow-up. ### 24/7 Care for Urological Emergencies Call immediately for any urological emergency. Acute Urinary Retention — Emergency Catheterisation Urosepsis — Infected Obstructed Kidney (Emergency Drainage) Testicular Torsion — Emergency Orchidopexy (6-hour window) Urological Trauma — Renal, Bladder & Urethral Injuries Ureteric Obstruction from Stone — Emergency Stenting or Nephrostomy Paraphimosis — Emergency Reduction Renal Colic — Stone in Ureter or Kidney Frank Haematuria with Clot Retention Fournier's Gangrene — Emergency Surgical Debridement Priapism — Ischaemic (>4 hours — urological emergency) Post-Renal Transplant Complications — Vascular & Urological Pyelonephritis with Sepsis — IV Antibiotics & ICU Coordination #### Urology Emergency Care As a reliable urology hospital in Chennai, we manage emergencies such as: - Acute urinary retention - Severe flank pain - Blood in urine (hematuria) - Urological trauma #### Endourology & Day-Care Procedures Our minimally invasive services include: - Cystoscopy - Ureteroscopy (URS) - Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) - Stent placement and removal #### Male Urology & Andrology We provide specialized care for male health concerns: - Erectile dysfunction - Male infertility evaluation - Varicocele management - Sexual health counselling #### Urinary Tract Disorders Our urology hospital treats a wide range of urinary conditions: - Urinary tract infections (UTI) - Urinary incontinence - Overactive bladder - Difficulty in urination #### Prostate Care We offer advanced urology treatment for prostate-related conditions: - Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) - Prostate screening and evaluation - TURP and minimally invasive procedures #### Stone Disease Management Our urology hospital in Chennai provides complete care for: - Kidney stones - Ureteric stones - Bladder stones - Laser lithotripsy ### Frequently Asked Questions #### What is the best treatment for kidney stones in Chennai? The best treatment for a kidney stone depends on its size, location, composition, and whether it is causing obstruction or infection. Small ureteric stones (<5 mm) often pass spontaneously with hydration and an alpha-blocker (tamsulosin). Larger ureteric stones are treated with ureteroscopy (URS) and laser lithotripsy. Kidney stones up to 2 cm are managed with RIRS (flexible ureteroscopy with MOSES 2.0 laser) — a scarless, day-care procedure. Stones >2 cm or staghorn calculi require PCNL. At SRM Prime Hospital, we have Tamil Nadu's MOSES 2.0 laser platform — delivering the most advanced stone fragmentation available, with superior stone clearance rates and minimal patient discomfort. #### Is an enlarged prostate (BPH) always treated with surgery? No. Mild to moderate BPH symptoms are initially managed medically — with alpha-blockers (tamsulosin) to relax the prostate smooth muscle and improve flow, and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride) to reduce prostate volume. Combination therapy and mirabegron for overactive bladder symptoms are also used. Surgery is recommended when symptoms are severe (IPSS >20), when medical treatment fails, or when complications develop — such as acute urinary retention, recurrent UTI, bladder stones, or hydronephrosis. At SRM Prime Hospital, we offer MOSES 2.0 HoLEP (the most advanced laser prostate surgery) and bipolar TURP — both highly effective with durable results. #### How is prostate cancer different from an enlarged prostate (BPH)? BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) is a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that causes urinary symptoms — it does not spread or become cancer. Prostate cancer is a malignant tumour of the prostate that can spread to lymph nodes and bone if not treated. The two conditions can coexist. A PSA blood test and digital rectal examination are the initial screening tools — but a definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer requires a prostate biopsy. Elevated PSA can occur in both BPH and prostate cancer — the decision to biopsy is guided by PSA level, PSA density, PSA velocity, and multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) findings. #### What is RIRS and is it better than PCNL for kidney stones? RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) uses a flexible ureteroscope passed through the natural urinary passage (no skin incision) to reach kidney stones directly and fragment them with a laser (MOSES 2.0 or Holmium) to dust. It is ideal for kidney stones up to 2 cm, hard stones not amenable to ESWL, and patients with anatomical variations. PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) uses a small skin incision to access the kidney directly — it is preferred for large stones (>2 cm), staghorn calculi, and when RIRS would require multiple sessions. The choice depends on stone burden, location, hardness, and patient factors — your urologist will recommend the optimal approach. #### What are the signs that blood in urine needs urgent investigation? Any visible blood in the urine (frank haematuria) should be investigated urgently, even if it occurs only once and resolves spontaneously. It is a cardinal symptom of bladder cancer, kidney tumours, and kidney stones. Significant microscopic haematuria (≥3 red blood cells per high-power field on microscopy) in adults over 40 also warrants evaluation. Investigations include urine cytology, flexible cystoscopy, CT urogram, and PSA. Do not assume painless haematuria is due to a UTI — haematuria in the absence of UTI symptoms should always prompt specialist urological assessment. #### Can kidney transplant be performed at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. SRM Prime Hospital has a fully functional renal transplant programme led by Prof. Dr. R. Manikandan, who has personally performed over 400 kidney transplants. We perform living-related and living-unrelated donor transplants, as well as cadaveric (deceased donor) transplants through the Tamil Nadu TRANSTAN network. Our programme covers the complete transplant pathway — from pre-transplant evaluation (cross-match, HLA typing, donor and recipient workup) through laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, recipient transplantation, and long-term immunosuppression management. #### Is robotic urology surgery available at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Prof. Dr. R. Manikandan is a fellowship-trained robotic uro-oncologist (USA) with over 500 robotic surgeries to his credit. Robotic-assisted procedures available include radical prostatectomy (for prostate cancer), partial nephrectomy (kidney tumour — nephron-sparing), radical nephrectomy (large renal tumours), radical cystectomy with urinary diversion (bladder cancer), and pyeloplasty (UPJ obstruction). Robotic surgery offers superior visualisation, precision, and dexterity in confined pelvic and retroperitoneal spaces — translating into reduced blood loss, nerve sparing, and faster recovery. #### What is MOSES 2.0 laser and why is it important for prostate and stone treatment? MOSES 2.0 (Modulated Optimised Energy System) is the most advanced Holmium laser platform for urological surgery — available at SRM Prime Hospital as Tamil Nadu's first. It delivers laser energy in a modulated, pulse-modulated waveform that significantly reduces retropulsion during stone fragmentation (meaning stones don't bounce away from the laser fibre) and minimises bleeding during HoLEP prostate surgery. For stone patients, MOSES 2.0 means superior stone fragmentation to fine dust (reduced re-treatment rate), shorter operating time, and better stone-free rates at a single session. For BPH patients, it enables safe HoLEP on large prostates (>100 ml) with minimal bleeding, early catheter removal (24–48 hours), and rapid return of normal voiding. ## Oncology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/oncology Summary: Expert cancer care at SRM Prime — the leading oncology hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, PET-CT staging & surgical oncology. Comprehensive cancer care at SRM Prime Hospital Ramapuram, Chennai — expert oncologists, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, PET-CT staging & cancer treatment. About Our Oncology Department ### Comprehensive Cancer Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Oncology Department is dedicated to delivering compassionate, evidence-based, and multidisciplinary cancer care to patients across western Chennai and beyond. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine advanced diagnostic technology with deeply personalised clinical care — making expert oncology accessible to patients in their own community. Our oncology unit is led by experienced senior consultants with decades of combined clinical expertise spanning medical and surgical oncology. Whether you require an urgent cancer evaluation, are commencing systemic therapy, or need surgical intervention — our team has the expertise, infrastructure, and commitment to guide you through every step of your cancer journey. From precise diagnostic workup and tumour staging through to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, and complex oncological surgery — SRM Prime's Oncology Department offers a comprehensive, patient-centred spectrum of cancer services, all under one roof. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Oncology Care Senior oncologists, advanced diagnostics, and the full spectrum of cancer treatments — coordinated under one roof for integrated, individualised care. Experienced Senior Consultants Medical Oncologist with 12+ years and Surgical Oncologist with 18+ years of specialist clinical experience in cancer care. Multidisciplinary Tumour Board Cases reviewed by a panel of medical and surgical oncologists for comprehensive, evidence-based treatment planning. Advanced Diagnostics On-Site 128-Slice CT, 3T MRI, PET-CT access, digital pathology, and molecular tumour profiling — all coordinated under one roof. Full Spectrum of Cancer Treatments Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, hormonal therapy, and complex surgical oncology — personalised to each patient's tumour profile. Evidence-Based Cancer Care Strict adherence to international oncology guidelines (NCCN, ESMO, ASCO, and Indian guidelines) for all tumour types. Cashless hospitalisation supported for most major insurance providers. Dedicated treatment coordinators for seamless patient support. ### Our Oncology Specialists Consult experienced consultants for oncology care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Dheeraj C H Consultant – Medical Oncology 12+ years of experience English • Telugu • Kannada • Tamil • Malayalam • Hindi 09:00 - 16:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-ch-dheeraj#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-ch-dheeraj) ##### Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Surgical Oncology 18+ years of experience English • Tamil • Hindi [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-senthil-kumar-ravichander#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-senthil-kumar-ravichander) Specialised Oncology Services #### Medical Oncology ##### Targeted Therapy Molecularly targeted agents directed at specific tumour drivers — including EGFR inhibitors (erlotinib, osimertinib), Anti-HER2 agents (trastuzumab, pertuzumab), VEGF inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors, BRAF/MEK inhibitors, and many more — guided by tumour genomic profiling. ##### Immunotherapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, durvalumab) for a broad range of cancers — including lung, liver, bladder, melanoma, head and neck, and MSI-high tumours — with careful PDL1 and biomarker selection. ##### Hormonal Therapy Endocrine-based systemic therapy for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitors, CDK4/6 inhibitors) and prostate cancer (LHRH analogues, enzalutamide, abiraterone). ##### Antibody-Drug Conjugates Novel ADC therapies (trastuzumab deruxtecan, sacituzumab govitecan) for HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer and other advanced tumours. ##### Palliative Systemic Therapy Carefully tailored systemic treatment for advanced and metastatic cancer — balancing disease control, quality of life, and toxicity management in close collaboration with the palliative care team. #### Surgical Oncology ##### Minimally Invasive Surgery Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted oncological resections — offering smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay for suitable patients across colorectal, gastric, gynaecological, and urological cancers. ##### Breast Cancer Surgery Wide local excision (lumpectomy), simple and modified radical mastectomy, sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), axillary node dissection, and oncoplastic breast reconstruction techniques to optimise cosmetic outcomes. ##### Gynaecological Oncology Total abdominal hysterectomy, radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, ovarian cytoreductive surgery, HIPEC and lymph node dissection for cervical, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. ##### Gastrointestinal Oncology Surgery Right and left hemicolectomy, anterior resection, abdominoperineal resection (colorectal cancer); gastrectomy and oesophagectomy (gastric/oesophageal cancer); Whipple procedure (pancreatic cancer); liver resection (hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases). ##### Head & Neck Oncology Surgery Total and hemithyroidectomy with central neck dissection (thyroid cancer); parotidectomy (salivary gland tumours); selective and modified radical neck dissection; resection of oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal tumours. ##### Urological Oncology Surgery Radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy (renal cell carcinoma); radical cystectomy and urinary diversion (bladder cancer); radical prostatectomy (prostate cancer); orchidectomy (testicular cancer). ### Specialised Oncology Services A complete spectrum of systemic and surgical cancer care — from chemotherapy and immunotherapy to complex, minimally invasive oncological surgery. Medical Oncology Surgical Oncology #### Chemotherapy Conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy — single-agent and combination regimens — administered via a dedicated oncology day-care unit with continuous monitoring and supportive care protocols. Targeted Therapy Immunotherapy Hormonal Therapy Antibody-Drug Conjugates Palliative Systemic Therapy Cancers We Treat ### Cancers We Commonly Treat Our medical and surgical oncology teams manage the full range of solid tumours and blood cancers with evidence-based, personalised treatment plans. Breast CancerMost Common in Women Breast cancer arises from the cells of the breast — most commonly the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma) or lobules (lobular carcinoma). It is the most common cancer among women in India, with rising incidence in younger women. Subtypes include hormone receptor-positive (ER/PR+), HER2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer — each requiring a distinct treatment approach. A painless lump in the breast or armpit; change in breast shape, size, or skin texture; nipple discharge (especially bloodstained); nipple inversion; skin dimpling or peau d'orange appearance; and redness or thickening of the nipple or breast skin. How We Treat It - Comprehensive staging with mammography, breast ultrasound, MRI, and PET-CT - Core needle biopsy with IHC for receptor and HER2 status - Surgery (lumpectomy or mastectomy with SLNB/axillary dissection) - Chemotherapy — neoadjuvant or adjuvant - Targeted therapy (trastuzumab, pertuzumab, CDK4/6 inhibitors) - Hormonal therapy for ER+ disease - Radiation oncology coordination for post-operative radiation - Genetic counselling for BRCA mutation carriers Lung CancerMolecular-Guided Colorectal CancerColon & Rectal Gastric & Oesophageal CancerGI Malignancy Diagnostic & Staging Services #### Lung Cancer **What it is:** Lung cancer is divided into non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC — comprising adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for approximately 85% of cases. Molecular testing (EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS, PDL1, MET, etc.) is now essential for treatment selection. **Symptoms:** Persistent or worsening cough; haemoptysis (coughing blood); breathlessness; chest pain; hoarseness; unexplained weight loss; fatigue; recurrent chest infections; and superior vena cava syndrome (facial swelling) in advanced cases. **Treatment:** Staging CT thorax/abdomen/pelvis, PET-CT, brain MRI, and bronchoscopy or CT-guided biopsy - Comprehensive molecular profiling — EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS G12C, PDL1 TPS/CPS - Targeted therapy for driver-positive NSCLC (osimertinib, alectinib, crizotinib, sotorasib) - Immunotherapy — pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, nivolumab - Chemotherapy — platinum doublets - Surgical resection for early-stage resectable disease - Coordination with radiation oncology for definitive or palliative radiotherapy #### Colorectal Cancer **What it is:** Colorectal cancer (CRC) arises from the inner lining of the colon or rectum — usually developing from benign polyps over years. It is the third most common cancer worldwide. Molecular testing (KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, MSI/MMR status) is essential for guiding targeted therapy and immunotherapy selection. **Symptoms:** Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool; altered bowel habits — persistent diarrhoea or constipation; a sensation that the bowel does not empty fully; abdominal pain or cramping; unintentional weight loss; fatigue; and iron-deficiency anaemia. **Treatment:** Colonoscopy with biopsy for diagnosis - CT staging (chest, abdomen, pelvis) and MRI rectum for rectal cancer - CEA tumour marker; KRAS/NRAS/BRAF/MSI testing - Surgery — laparoscopic or open hemicolectomy, anterior resection, or APR - Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer - Adjuvant FOLFOX or CAPOX chemotherapy - Targeted therapy — cetuximab, bevacizumab, ramucirumab - Immunotherapy (pembrolizumab) for MSI-high CRC #### Gastric & Oesophageal Cancer **What it is:** Gastric (stomach) cancer and oesophageal cancer are among the most common GI malignancies in India. They often present at an advanced stage due to non-specific early symptoms. HER2 testing and PDL1 scoring are now standard to guide targeted therapy and immunotherapy selection in gastric cancer. **Symptoms:** Progressive dysphagia (difficulty swallowing — particularly for oesophageal cancer); epigastric pain or discomfort; unintentional weight loss; early satiety; nausea and vomiting; haematemesis; melaena; anaemia; and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy (Virchow's node). **Treatment:** Upper GI endoscopy with biopsy and EUS for staging - CT chest/abdomen/pelvis and PET-CT - HER2 IHC/FISH, PDL1 CPS, MSI testing - Perioperative or neoadjuvant chemotherapy (FLOT, FOLFOX) - Trastuzumab + chemotherapy for HER2+ gastric cancer - Immunotherapy + chemotherapy as first-line for advanced/metastatic disease - Surgical resection — total or subtotal gastrectomy; Ivor Lewis oesophagectomy #### Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Liver Cancer) **What it is:** Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer — arising predominantly in patients with underlying cirrhosis from hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or NAFLD. Surveillance with 6-monthly liver ultrasound and AFP enables early detection when curative treatments are feasible. **Symptoms:** Right upper abdominal pain or fullness; unexplained weight loss; jaundice; ascites; fatigue; loss of appetite; and — in patients with known cirrhosis — a sudden deterioration in liver function or new ascites should prompt HCC screening. **Treatment:** Triphasic CT or MRI liver for diagnosis and staging (BCLC system) - AFP and PIVKA-II tumour markers; Child-Pugh and MELD scoring - Curative options: surgical resection, liver transplant assessment (Milan criteria) - Locoregional therapies: TACE, TARE/Y90, thermal ablation - Systemic therapy: sorafenib, lenvatinib, regorafenib, cabozantinib - Immunotherapy: durvalumab + tremelimumab; atezolizumab + bevacizumab - Multidisciplinary coordination with hepatology #### Gynaecological Cancers **What it is:** Gynaecological cancers include cervical cancer (HPV-driven; highly preventable with vaccination and screening), endometrial/uterine cancer (linked to obesity and hormonal factors), and ovarian cancer (often diagnosed late; associated with BRCA1/2 mutations in hereditary cases). **Symptoms:** Cervical: abnormal vaginal bleeding (post-coital or intermenstrual), vaginal discharge. Endometrial: postmenopausal vaginal bleeding (cardinal symptom). Ovarian: abdominal bloating, early satiety, pelvic pain, urinary symptoms, and ascites — often presenting at advanced stage. **Treatment:** Pelvic MRI, CT, CA 125, HE4, and ROMA score - HPV genotyping and colposcopy for cervical cancer Surgical staging — radical hysterectomy (cervical); TAH + BSO ± lymphadenectomy (endometrial); debulking surgery (ovarian) - Chemotherapy — carboplatin + paclitaxel - PARP inhibitors (olaparib, niraparib) for BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer - Bevacizumab and immunotherapy for eligible patients - Radiation oncology coordination for cervical cancer chemoradiation #### Head & Neck Cancers **What it is:** Head and neck cancers include malignancies of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasopharynx, salivary glands, thyroid, and parathyroid. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histology. Oral cancer has particularly high incidence in India due to tobacco and betel nut use. Thyroid cancers are managed by our surgical oncology team. **Symptoms:** A non-healing oral ulcer or white/red patch in the mouth; neck lump or lymphadenopathy; hoarseness or voice change; difficulty swallowing; otalgia (referred ear pain); nosebleeds or nasal obstruction; and thyroid nodule with compressive symptoms or rapid growth. **Treatment:** Panendoscopy, CT/MRI head and neck, PET-CT, and FNAC/core biopsy - HPV p16 testing for oropharyngeal cancer - Surgical resection — oral cavity excision, neck dissection, thyroidectomy - Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cisplatin-based) for locally advanced disease - Cetuximab for EGFR-expressing head and neck SCC - Pembrolizumab/nivolumab for recurrent/metastatic HNSCC - Radioactive iodine ablation for differentiated thyroid cancer post-surgery #### Haematological Malignancies **What it is:** Haematological malignancies include lymphoma (Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin), leukaemia (acute and chronic — arising from bone marrow and blood), and multiple myeloma (a plasma cell malignancy). These cancers are managed primarily by our Medical Oncology team, in coordination with haematology expertise. **Symptoms:** Painless lymphadenopathy (enlarged neck, axillary, or groin lymph nodes); B symptoms — fever, drenching night sweats, unintentional weight loss; fatigue; bone pain (myeloma); recurrent infections; bleeding tendency; anaemia; and splenomegaly. **Treatment:** PET-CT for staging and treatment response; bone marrow biopsy - Full haematological workup — CBC, LDH, beta-2 microglobulin, serum protein electrophoresis - Lymph node biopsy with IHC for lymphoma subtyping - Chemotherapy — CHOP, RCHOP, ABVD, BEP, and other regimens - Monoclonal antibodies — rituximab, obinutuzumab - Targeted agents — ibrutinib, venetoclax, lenalidomide, bortezomib - Immunotherapy; coordination for stem cell transplantation referral where indicated ### Advanced Cancer Diagnostics Accurate diagnosis and staging are the cornerstone of effective oncology care — all coordinated under one roof. CT — Chest, Abdomen & Pelvis 128-Slice CT for cancer staging, detection of metastases, vascular involvement, lymphadenopathy assessment, and treatment response evaluation. Essential for all solid tumour staging workups. 3T MRI Superior soft tissue resolution for rectal cancer staging (CRM assessment), liver lesion characterisation, brain metastasis evaluation, pelvic tumour staging, and bone marrow infiltration assessment. PET-CT Coordination Coordination for FDG PET-CT for metabolic staging of lymphomas, lung, oesophageal, head and neck, and other cancers. Response assessment post-treatment and detection of recurrence. Histopathology & IHC Core needle biopsy, FNAC, and endoscopic biopsy with full immunohistochemical (IHC) panel — ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, PDL1, p53, CD markers, and more — for precise tumour subtyping and treatment selection. Molecular & Genomic Profiling EGFR, ALK, ROS1, KRAS/NRAS/BRAF, HER2 amplification,PD-L1, MSI/MMR, TMB, BRCA1/2, CDH1, and comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels for personalised targeted therapy selection. Tumour Markers CEA (colorectal), CA 19-9 (pancreatic/biliary), CA 125 (ovarian), AFP (liver/testicular), PSA (prostate), Beta-HCG (germ cell), LDH (lymphoma), serum protein electrophoresis (myeloma), and thyroglobulin (thyroid). Bone Marrow Biopsy Trephine biopsy and aspiration for staging and diagnosis of haematological malignancies — leukaemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. IHC and cytogenetic studies performed on samples. Abdominal Ultrasound First-line assessment of liver, gallbladder, and pelvic masses. Ultrasound-guided biopsy for hepatic and pelvic lesions. Assessment of ascites and pleural effusions. ### 24/7 Care for Cancer Emergencies Call immediately for any oncology emergency. Febrile Neutropenia — Post-Chemotherapy Tumour Lysis Syndrome Hypercalcaemia of Malignancy Superior Vena Cava (SVC) Syndrome Malignant Cord Compression — Urgent MRI Acute Bowel Obstruction in Cancer Haemorrhage in Oncology Patients Pericardial Tamponade & Effusion Severe Chemotherapy Toxicity Management Acute Immunotherapy Immune-Related Adverse Events #### Palliative & Supportive Oncology Care Cancer pain management - Symptom management - Nutritional support - Psychological counselling - Quality-of-life focused care #### Advanced Cancer Diagnostics Tumour staging & evaluation - Molecular profiling - Tumour marker testing - Histopathology & biopsy services - PET-CT coordination #### Surgical Oncology Breast cancer surgery - Gastrointestinal cancer surgery - Gynaecological oncology surgery - Head & neck cancer surgery - Urological oncology surgery - Minimally invasive laparoscopic & robotic oncology surgery #### Medical Oncology Chemotherapy - Targeted therapy - Immunotherapy - Hormonal therapy - Palliative systemic therapy - Supportive oncology care ### Frequently Asked Questions #### What oncology services are available at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram? SRM Prime Hospital offers comprehensive oncology services including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, surgical oncology, cancer diagnostics, tumour staging, and supportive cancer care. #### Do you offer chemotherapy and immunotherapy treatments? Yes. We provide evidence-based chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and hormonal therapy for various cancers. #### Are cancer surgeries performed at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Our Surgical Oncology team performs advanced cancer surgeries including breast, gastrointestinal, gynaecological, head & neck, and urological oncology procedures. #### Is advanced cancer diagnostic support available? Yes. We provide advanced diagnostics including CT, MRI, PET-CT coordination, biopsy, histopathology, molecular profiling, and tumour marker evaluation. #### Do you treat breast and lung cancer? Yes. We offer comprehensive diagnosis and treatment for breast cancer, lung cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, blood cancers, and many other tumour types. #### Is personalised cancer treatment available? Yes. Every patient receives an individualised treatment plan developed through multidisciplinary oncology evaluation. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide supportive and palliative cancer care? Yes. We provide supportive oncology services including pain management, nutritional guidance, counselling, and palliative care support. #### Why choose SRM Prime Hospital for cancer care in Chennai? SRM Prime Hospital is trusted for its experienced oncologists, advanced diagnostics, multidisciplinary care approach, modern cancer therapies, and patient-centred oncology care. #### Are minimally invasive cancer surgeries available? Yes. Our Surgical Oncology team performs laparoscopic and minimally invasive oncological procedures wherever appropriate. #### How can I book an oncology consultation? You can book an appointment through the SRM Prime Hospital OPD or online appointment system. ## Obstetrics & Gynaecology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/obstetrics-gynaecology Summary: Expert women's care at SRM Prime — the trusted gynaecology & maternity hospital in Ramapuram, Chennai. Pregnancy, PCOS, high-risk & laparoscopic surgery. Expert obstetrics & gynaecology care in Ramapuram, Chennai — high-risk pregnancy, delivery, laparoscopic surgery, PCOS, infertility & menopause at SRM Prime. About Our Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department ### Comprehensive Women's Health & Maternity Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department is committed to delivering compassionate, evidence-based, and comprehensive women's healthcare — from adolescence through pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause. As a trusted gynaecology hospital in Chennai, we combine advanced surgical expertise with deeply personalised clinical care, making specialist women's health services readily accessible to patients across western Chennai. Our O&G team brings over 57 years of combined clinical experience, led by three highly qualified consultants whose expertise spans high-risk obstetrics, normal and operative deliveries, advanced laparoscopic and robotic gynaecological surgery, infertility evaluation and management, fetal medicine, reproductive medicine, menopause care, and cosmetic gynaecology. Whether you are planning a pregnancy, navigating a gynaecological concern, or managing a complex hormonal condition, our specialists have the breadth of expertise and sensitivity of approach to support you at every stage. From your first antenatal visit and detailed anomaly scans through to a safe delivery, post-partum recovery, and beyond — SRM Prime Hospital's Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department provides a complete, woman-centred continuum of care, all within your community. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Obstetrics & Gynaecology High-Risk Pregnancy & Fetal Medicine Dedicated high-risk obstetric care for gestational diabetes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, twin pregnancies, placenta praevia, preterm labour, previous caesarean sections, and fetal growth concerns. Fertility & Reproductive Medicine Comprehensive infertility evaluation for both partners, ovulation induction, IUI, IVF coordination, PCOS management, and reproductive surgery — supporting couples on the path to parenthood. Full Women's Health Lifecycle Coverage From adolescent menstrual health, PCOS, and contraception through maternity, to menopause hormone therapy and gynaecological oncology screening — complete women's healthcare under one roof. Advanced Minimally Invasive & Robotic Surgery Laparoscopic hysterectomy, myomectomy, cystectomy, endometriosis surgery, and robotic gynaecologic procedures — delivering precision surgery with reduced recovery time, minimal blood loss, and shorter hospital stay. ### Meet Our Obstetrics & Gynaecology Team Our O&G Department is led by three senior consultants who collectively bring over 57 years of specialist clinical expertise in obstetrics, gynaecology, minimally invasive surgery, reproductive medicine, and maternal-fetal medicine. Each consultant is trained at premier national and international institutions — ensuring our patients receive women's healthcare that meets the highest global standards. ##### Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology 12+ years of experience English • Tamil • Hindi [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-keerthana-rajasekaran#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-keerthana-rajasekaran) ##### Dr. Nandhini Elumalai Senior Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology 15+ years of experience English • Hindi • Tamil [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-nandhini-elumalai#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-nandhini-elumalai) ##### Dr. Palaniappan N 30+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-palaniappan-n#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-palaniappan-n) ### Specialised Obstetrics & Gynaecology Services Pregnancy & Maternity Care — Obstetric Services Gynaecologic Surgery Services Fertility & Reproductive Medicine Services General Gynaecology & Women's Health Services #### Antenatal Care (ANC) Structured antenatal care programme from early pregnancy — booking visit, first trimester screening (NT + serum markers), anomaly scan (TIFFA 18–20 weeks), GDM screening (OGTT), growth and Doppler scans, GBS testing, birth planning, and Bradley/Lamaze preparation. Normal Vaginal Delivery Caesarean Section (LSCS) Operative Vaginal Delivery High-Risk Pregnancy Management Postpartum Care Ectopic Pregnancy Management #### Pregnancy & Maternity Care — Obstetric Services ##### Normal Vaginal Delivery Supportive, woman-centred labour management with continuous fetal monitoring (CTG), pain management options (breathing techniques, epidural coordination), trained midwifery team, and evidence-based active management of third stage — minimising PPH risk. ##### Caesarean Section (LSCS) Primary elective and emergency lower segment caesarean section for maternal and fetal indications — including placenta praevia, fetal distress, malpresentation, failed progress, and maternal request. Previous LSCS management and trial of VBAC counselling. ##### Operative Vaginal Delivery Instrumental delivery — ventouse (vacuum extraction) and obstetric forceps — for prolonged second stage, fetal distress, and maternal exhaustion in selected patients. Performed by experienced consultants with continuous fetal monitoring. ##### High-Risk Pregnancy Management Dedicated high-risk obstetric service for GDM (insulin management, fetal surveillance), PIH and preeclampsia (antihypertensives, MgSO4 protocol), twin and multiple pregnancies, IUGR, placenta accreta spectrum, preterm labour, and obstetric cholestasis. ##### Postpartum Care Structured postpartum care — monitoring for PPH, wound care (episiotomy and LSCS), breastfeeding support, postnatal depression screening (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale), family planning counselling, and postpartum OGTT for GDM patients. ##### Ectopic Pregnancy Management Emergency management of ectopic (tubal and non-tubal) pregnancies — medical management with methotrexate for stable patients; laparoscopic salpingotomy or salpingectomy for surgical cases. Round-the-clock emergency cover. #### Gynaecologic Surgery Services ##### Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) and laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) for fibroids, adenomyosis, endometrial hyperplasia, and gynaecological malignancies — offering minimal blood loss, fast recovery, and excellent cosmetic outcomes. ##### Laparoscopic Myomectomy Fertility-preserving laparoscopic removal of uterine fibroids — for women wishing to retain their uterus. Suitable for multiple fibroids, subserosal and intramural fibroids. Careful uterine reconstruction to optimise future pregnancy outcomes. ##### Laparoscopic Endometriosis Surgery Laparoscopic excision and ablation of endometriotic deposits — peritoneal endometriosis, endometrioma (chocolate cyst) cystectomy, and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) excision. Ovarian reserve-preserving cystectomy technique. ##### Laparoscopic Ovarian Cystectomy Minimally invasive removal of benign ovarian cysts — dermoid cysts, simple serous and mucinous cysts, endometriomas — with careful preservation of residual ovarian tissue and reproductive function. ##### Robotic Gynaecologic Surgery FICRS-certified robotic-assisted surgery for complex hysterectomy, myomectomy, endometriosis excision, and pelvic floor reconstruction — offering superior visualisation (3D magnified view), enhanced dexterity, and precision in confined pelvic spaces. ##### Hysteroscopic Surgery Diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy — endometrial polypectomy, uterine septum resection, intrauterine adhesion (Asherman's syndrome) treatment, retained products removal, and cornual cannulation for proximal tubal blockage. ##### Vaginal Hysterectomy Vaginal hysterectomy with pelvic floor repair for uterine prolapse — uterosacral ligament suspension, colporrhaphy (anterior and posterior repair), colpocleisis, and tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for stress urinary incontinence. ##### Vulvar & Vaginal Surgery Bartholin's cyst marsupialization, vulvar biopsy, vaginal cyst excision, labial procedures, vaginoplasty, and treatment of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VaIN). #### Fertility & Reproductive Medicine Services ##### Female Infertility Workup Comprehensive hormonal evaluation — FSH, LH, AMH, oestradiol, prolactin, TSH, and androgen profile. Pelvic ultrasound for antral follicle count (AFC) and ovarian reserve. HSG for tubal patency. Diagnostic hysteroscopy and laparoscopy. ##### Male Factor Evaluation Semen analysis — assessment of concentration, motility, morphology (WHO criteria). Referral for andrological assessment and DNA fragmentation testing. Coordinated management with fertility specialists for assisted conception. ##### Ovulation Induction (OI) Medically supervised ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate or letrozole; follicular monitoring with serial ultrasound scans; gonadotrophin injections (FSH/HMG) for anovulatory and poor-responder patients. Timed intercourse or IUI coordination. ##### Intrauterine Insemination (IUI) Prepared sperm insemination into the uterine cavity at the time of ovulation — for unexplained infertility, mild male factor, cervical factor, and ovulatory dysfunction. Performed under ovarian stimulation with follicular monitoring. ##### PCOS Fertility Management Comprehensive PCOS management for fertility — lifestyle intervention and weight loss (primary therapy), metformin (insulin sensitisation), clomiphene or letrozole for ovulation induction, laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) for clomiphene-resistant PCOS, and IVF coordination. ##### Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL) Systematic evaluation of recurrent miscarriage — antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) screen, thrombophilia panel, thyroid function, chromosomal karyotyping (both partners), uterine anatomy assessment (HSG/hysteroscopy). Treatment of identified causes. ##### IVF & ART Coordination Co-management and referral for in vitro fertilisation (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), frozen embryo transfer (FET), oocyte donation, and surrogacy — with structured pre-IVF workup and post-transfer luteal support. #### General Gynaecology & Women's Health Services ##### PCOS Diagnosis & Management Comprehensive PCOS assessment — Rotterdam criteria-based diagnosis, hormonal profiling, ultrasound assessment (AFC count and ovarian morphology), metabolic screening (fasting glucose, insulin resistance, lipid profile). Medical management: metformin, OCP, anti-androgens, and lifestyle intervention. ##### Endometriosis Management Diagnosis and medical/surgical management of endometriosis — from minimal peritoneal disease through to severe stage IV with deep infiltrating endometriosis. Medical management: combined OCP, progestogens, GnRH analogues, LNG-IUS. Surgical: laparoscopic excision. ##### Uterine Fibroids Medical management for symptomatic relief — GnRH analogues, ulipristal acetate, LNG-IUS, tranexamic acid. Surgical management: laparoscopic myomectomy (fertility-preserving) or laparoscopic hysterectomy for completed family. ##### Menstrual Disorders Evaluation and management of menorrhagia (heavy periods), dysmenorrhoea (painful periods), oligomenorrhoea (infrequent periods), amenorrhoea, and intermenstrual bleeding. Hormonal and non-hormonal treatment, including LNG-IUS (Mirena) insertion. ##### Menopause & Hormone Therapy Comprehensive perimenopause and menopause management — vasomotor symptom assessment, urogenital atrophy, bone health evaluation, cardiovascular risk stratification. HRT prescribing (systemic and topical oestrogen, progesterone), non-hormonal alternatives, and lifestyle counselling. ##### Cervical Cancer Screening Pap smear and liquid-based cytology (LBC); HPV co-testing; colposcopy with directed biopsy for CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia); LEEP / large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ); HPV vaccination counselling. ##### Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Diagnosis and management of acute and chronic PID — pelvic ultrasound, swabs, and intravenous antibiotic regimens for severe cases; outpatient management for mild-moderate disease; partner treatment counselling and sexual health advice. ##### Contraception & Family Planning Counselling and provision of all contraceptive methods — combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP), progesterone-only pill, DMPA (Depo-Provera), implant, intrauterine copper device (IUCD), LNG-IUS, barrier methods, permanent sterilisation (laparoscopic tubal ligation). ##### Cosmetic Gynaecology Non-surgical and surgical procedures for vulvovaginal aesthetics and function — labiaplasty, vaginal tightening, hymenoplasty, vulvar whitening, PRP vaginal rejuvenation — performed by a ICCG-certified cosmetic gynaecologist. ##### Pelvic Floor & Urogynaecology Assessment and management of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), urge incontinence, overactive bladder, pelvic organ prolapse (cystocele, rectocele, uterine prolapse) — pelvic floor physiotherapy, pessary fitting, and surgical repair. PCOS — Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age — affecting 1 in 5 Indian women. It is characterised by a combination of androgen excess (hyperandrogenism), ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound (Rotterdam criteria). PCOS is associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes risk, cardiovascular risk, and long-term endometrial cancer risk. It is the most common cause of anovulatory infertility in India. Irregular or absent periods (oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhoea); heavy or prolonged menstrual bleeding (less commonly); excess facial or body hair (hirsutism) — upper lip, chin, chest, abdomen; acne — especially jawline and chin; hair thinning or scalp hair loss (female-pattern alopecia); weight gain — particularly central (abdominal) obesity; skin darkening in neck creases and armpits (acanthosis nigricans); and difficulty conceiving. Hormonal blood tests — FSH, LH, LH:FSH ratio, testosterone, SHBG, FAI, DHEAS, prolactin, TSH. Pelvic ultrasound — antral follicle count (AFC ≥12 per ovary) and ovarian volume (≥10 ml). Metabolic screen: fasting glucose, OGTT (75g), fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, lipid profile, HbA1c. Treatment: lifestyle modification (first-line — 5–10% weight loss restores ovulation in 50% of overweight patients); combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) for menstrual regulation and anti-androgen effect; metformin for insulin resistance; clomiphene or letrozole for ovulation induction in fertility-seeking patients; spironolactone or cyproterone acetate for hirsutism and acne. Endometriosis — Chronic Pelvic Pain & Infertility Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomata) High-Risk Pregnancy — Gestational Diabetes, PIH & Preeclampsia Diagnostic Services ### Advanced Gynaecology Diagnostics Accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of safe and effective women's healthcare. SRM Prime Hospital provides a comprehensive gynaecological and obstetric diagnostic platform — all coordinated by our clinical team to ensure every investigation is clinically directed and correctly interpreted. Obstetric Ultrasound (Transabdominal & Transvaginal) Dating scan (7–10 weeks), NT scan (11–13+6 weeks), TIFFA anomaly scan (18–20 weeks), growth scan, Doppler studies (umbilical, MCA, DV), cervical length, amniotic fluid index (AFI), biophysical profile. Fetal Echocardiography Detailed fetal cardiac structural assessment for suspected cardiac anomaly — 4-chamber view, outflow tracts, and vascular connections. Referral indication: family history of CHD, maternal diabetes, anti-Ro/La antibodies, nuchal oedema, fetal arrhythmia. Pelvic MRI Gold standard for deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) mapping; fibroids — size, location, and vascularity for pre-surgical planning; ovarian mass characterisation; cervical and endometrial cancer staging; placenta accreta spectrum assessment. Hysterosalpingography (HSG) Tubal patency assessment in infertility workup — visualisation of uterine cavity (polyps, fibroids, septa, Asherman's adhesions) and fallopian tube patency. Performed under image intensifier with water-soluble contrast. Diagnostic Hysteroscopy Direct visualisation of the uterine cavity — assessment of endometrial polyps, submucosal fibroids, endometrial hyperplasia, intrauterine adhesions (Asherman's), and uterine septa. Saline infusion sonography (SIS) as office alternative. Colposcopy Magnified visualisation of the cervix with acetic acid and Lugol's iodine — assessment of transformation zone, CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia), and directed biopsy of acetowhite or abnormal vascular areas following abnormal Pap smear or HPV test. Hormonal & Fertility Blood Tests Day 2/3 FSH, LH, oestradiol, AMH (ovarian reserve); prolactin; thyroid panel (TSH, free T4); testosterone, SHBG, FAI, DHEAS (androgen profile); progesterone (Day 21 — ovulation confirmation); antiphospholipid antibodies; thrombophilia screen. Cervical Cytology & HPV Testing Liquid-based cytology (LBC) Pap smear — CIN 1/2/3 classification; HPV 16/18 genotyping and high-risk HPV co-testing; endocervical swabs for Chlamydia, Gonorrhoea, and vaginal microbiome assessment. ### 24/7 care for obstetric and gynaecological emergencies Call immediately for any Obstetric emergency Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) — Active Management Protocol Ectopic Pregnancy — Emergency Laparoscopy Preterm Labour — Tocolysis & Steroid Administration Fetal Distress — Emergency LSCS Ovarian Cyst Accident — Torsion or Rupture Severe Hyperemesis Gravidarum — IV Rehydration Eclampsia — MgSO4 Protocol & Emergency Delivery Placental Abruption & Placenta Praevia Bleeding Cord Prolapse — Emergency Caesarean Section Septic Abortion & Incomplete Abortion Management Acute PID with Tubo-Ovarian Abscess Uterine Rupture — Emergency Surgery ### conditionsAccordion #### Endometriosis — Chronic Pelvic Pain & Infertility **What it is:** Endometriosis is a chronic, inflammatory condition in which endometrial-like tissue grows outside the uterus — most commonly on the ovaries (endometrioma / chocolate cyst), peritoneum, fallopian tubes, rectovaginal septum, and bladder. It affects approximately 10–15% of women of reproductive age and is a leading cause of chronic pelvic pain, severe dysmenorrhoea, dyspareunia, and infertility. Despite being common, endometriosis is significantly under-diagnosed — with an average diagnostic delay of 7–10 years from symptom onset. **Symptoms:** Severe, progressively worsening period pain (dysmenorrhoea) — beginning 1–2 days before menses and lasting throughout; chronic pelvic pain — non-cyclic, dull or cramping; pain during or after intercourse (deep dyspareunia); pain on opening bowels or passing urine (especially during menstruation); heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia); fatigue; bloating; and difficulty conceiving. Symptoms often worsen over successive menstrual cycles. #### Uterine Fibroids (Leiomyomata) **What it is:** Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumours of the female reproductive tract — affecting up to 40% of Indian women over 35. They arise from uterine smooth muscle (myometrium) and are classified by location: submucosal (within the uterine cavity — most symptomatic), intramural (within the muscle wall), and subserosal (projecting outside the uterus). Fibroids grow under oestrogen stimulation and typically regress after menopause. Large or multiple fibroids can significantly impair fertility and pregnancy outcomes. **Symptoms:** Heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) — the most common symptom, leading to iron-deficiency anaemia; painful periods (dysmenorrhoea); prolonged periods; pelvic pressure or heaviness; urinary symptoms — urinary frequency, urgency, or incomplete bladder emptying (from bladder compression); constipation or difficult defaecation (from rectal pressure); abdominal distension with large fibroids; and subfertility or recurrent miscarriage (particularly submucosal fibroids). #### High-Risk Pregnancy — Gestational Diabetes, PIH & Preeclampsia **What it is:** High-risk pregnancies are those in which maternal or fetal factors significantly increase the risk of complications during pregnancy, labour, or delivery. The most common high-risk conditions in India include gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia, anaemia, thyroid disease in pregnancy, and previous caesarean section. Specialised monitoring and multidisciplinary management are essential to achieve safe maternal and neonatal outcomes. **Symptoms:** GDM: no specific symptoms — diagnosed on routine 75g OGTT at 24–28 weeks; risk factors include BMI >25, previous GDM, family history of diabetes, and PCOS. PIH: high blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) developing after 20 weeks — with swelling of feet and face. Preeclampsia: hypertension + proteinuria (>300 mg/24 hours) or end-organ dysfunction — headache, visual disturbance, epigastric pain, reduced fetal movements, and abnormal blood results. IUGR: no maternal symptoms — detected on growth scan (abdominal circumference <10th centile, Doppler abnormalities). #### Menopause & Perimenopause Vasomotor symptoms: hot flushes (sudden intense heat sensation, sweating, and flushing — most prominent at night) and night sweats — disrupting sleep. Menstrual changes: irregular, heavier, or lighter periods during perimenopause. Urogenital atrophy: vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, urinary frequency, urgency, and recurrent UTIs. Mood changes: anxiety, irritability, low mood, and difficulty concentrating. Sleep disturbance. Joint pains and musculoskeletal symptoms. Long-term: bone loss (osteoporosis risk) and cardiovascular risk increase. #### Cervical Cancer — Screening, Colposcopy & Prevention **What it is:** Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in Indian women, accounting for approximately 123,000 new cases and 77,000 deaths annually in India. Almost all cervical cancers (>99%) are caused by persistent infection with high-risk HPV (human papillomavirus) strains — particularly HPV 16 and HPV 18. Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers through structured vaccination and screening programmes — with pre-cancerous lesions (CIN 1, 2, 3) identifiable years before invasive malignancy develops. **Symptoms:** Pre-cancerous lesions (CIN) are usually asymptomatic — detected only on screening. Early invasive cancer: abnormal vaginal bleeding — post-coital bleeding (bleeding after sexual intercourse — the cardinal symptom), intermenstrual bleeding, or postmenopausal bleeding; vaginal discharge — watery, malodorous, or blood-tinged; pelvic pain. Advanced disease: haematuria, rectal bleeding, leg swelling (from lymphoedema), back pain, and loss of appetite. #### Pelvic Organ Prolapse & Urinary Incontinence A sensation of something falling out of the vagina — pressure, heaviness, or dragging in the pelvis; visible or palpable bulge at the vaginal entrance; urinary symptoms — stress leakage, urinary frequency, urgency, incomplete bladder emptying, or repeated UTIs; bowel symptoms — incomplete evacuation, need to digitally reduce the prolapse to defaecate (rectocele); sexual dysfunction — dyspareunia; and low back pain. Symptoms are typically worse after prolonged standing and improve when lying down. #### Pelvic Health Services Certain conditions are often ignored due to hesitation but can be treated effectively. - These include: - Urinary incontinence - Pelvic organ prolapse - Reconstructive procedures - Rehabilitation support Patients receive guidance from the best gynecologist doctor in Chennai for these concerns. #### Cancer Care in Women’s Health Serious conditions require coordinated care. - The hospital manages: - Cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers - Breast-related conditions - Surgical and non-surgical treatments - Ongoing monitoring Care is provided through a multidisciplinary approach at this gynecology hospital in Chennai. #### Menopause and Hormonal Changes Menopause affects multiple aspects of life, not just physical health. - Support includes: - Managing symptoms like fatigue, sleep issues, and mood changes - Hormone therapy when needed - Bone health monitoring - Lifestyle adjustments Women can consult a gynecologist in Chennai, India here for long-term support. #### Fertility and Reproductive Care Fertility treatment here follows a step-by-step process without unnecessary procedures. - Services include: - Hormone and fertility testing - IUI and IVF procedures - PCOS and ovulation-related care - Pre-conception guidance This makes SRM Prime Hospital a practical option for those searching for the best hospital for gynecology in Chennai. #### Common Gynecological Conditions Many patients visit with concerns that seem small initially but need proper evaluation. - These include: - Irregular or heavy menstrual cycles - Hormonal imbalance - Fibroids and ovarian cysts - Endometriosis - Pelvic infections and long-term discomfort Instead of temporary fixes, the focus is on correct diagnosis by a gynecologist in Chennai. #### Pregnancy and Delivery Care Pregnancy care is handled with a structured plan rather than isolated visits. - Services include: - Regular antenatal monitoring - Tracking fetal development - Managing high-risk pregnancies - Labour and delivery support with pain management - Postnatal care for mother and newborn Women choosing this gynecology hospital in Chennai receive continuous support through all stages of pregnancy. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### When should a woman first see a gynaecologist? Girls should ideally have their first gynaecology consultation at around 13–15 years — or earlier if there are concerns about delayed puberty, severe period pain, or menstrual irregularity. For women of reproductive age, an annual gynaecology check-up is recommended from age 21, including cervical cancer screening. Any woman experiencing irregular periods, pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, vaginal discharge, or difficulty conceiving should consult a gynaecologist without delay. #### How is a high-risk pregnancy managed at SRM Prime Hospital? High-risk pregnancies are managed by our senior O&G consultants with a structured monitoring protocol tailored to each specific condition — whether GDM, PIH, preeclampsia, multiple pregnancy, IUGR, or placenta praevia. This includes more frequent antenatal visits, targeted ultrasound scans and Doppler studies, specialised blood tests, multidisciplinary input from endocrinology or nephrology where needed, and a planned delivery approach optimised for maternal and fetal safety. #### What is the difference between a normal delivery and a caesarean section? In a normal vaginal delivery, the baby is born through the birth canal. In a caesarean section (LSCS), the baby is delivered through a surgical incision in the abdomen and uterus. Our team strongly supports and facilitates normal vaginal delivery wherever it is safe for mother and baby. Caesarean section is performed when there is a medical indication — fetal distress, malpresentation, placenta praevia, failure to progress in labour, or maternal request after thorough counselling. Our goal is always the safest outcome for both mother and child. #### Is laparoscopic hysterectomy safe? What is the recovery time? Laparoscopic (keyhole) hysterectomy is a well-established, safe, and effective procedure when performed by trained minimally invasive surgeons. Compared to open abdominal hysterectomy, it offers significantly less post-operative pain, reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stay (2–3 days vs 5–7 days), faster return to normal activities (2–3 weeks vs 6–8 weeks), and better cosmetic outcomes. Our team has extensive experience in laparoscopic and robotic hysterectomy. #### Can PCOS be treated and can women with PCOS get pregnant? Yes — PCOS is highly manageable, and the majority of women with PCOS can achieve pregnancy with appropriate treatment. The foundation of PCOS management is lifestyle modification — even modest weight loss (5–10% of body weight) significantly improves ovulation rates, hormonal balance, and fertility in overweight patients. Medical treatment with clomiphene citrate or letrozole restores ovulation in the majority of patients. For those who do not respond, laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) or IVF are effective options. #### What cervical cancer screening tests are done at SRM Prime Hospital? We perform liquid-based cytology (LBC) Pap smear and high-risk HPV co-testing. Women aged 21–29 should have a Pap smear every 3 years. Women aged 30–65 should have a Pap smear plus HPV co-test every 5 years (preferred) or a Pap smear every 3 years. If a result is abnormal, we perform colposcopy with directed biopsy and manage CIN (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia) accordingly. We also provide HPV vaccination (Cervarix and Gardasil) for eligible patients. #### What fertility treatments are available for couples having difficulty conceiving? We provide a complete infertility evaluation — including hormonal blood tests, pelvic ultrasound and ovarian reserve assessment (AMH, AFC), HSG for tubal patency, and semen analysis. Treatment options include ovulation induction (clomiphene or letrozole with monitoring), IUI with ovarian stimulation, surgical management of infertility-related conditions (endometriosis, fibroids, tubal disease), and referral and co-management for IVF and ICSI. We assess and treat both partners together for a comprehensive approach. #### What is cosmetic gynaecology and is it available at SRM Prime Hospital? Cosmetic gynaecology refers to procedures that address the aesthetic and functional aspects of the female genitalia. Our team includes a Diploma-certified cosmetic gynaecologist (ICCG) offering procedures such as labiaplasty (labial reduction), vaginal tightening (vaginoplasty), PRP vaginal rejuvenation, and vulvar aesthetics. All procedures are performed with a strong emphasis on informed consent, patient safety, and realistic outcome expectation. A thorough pre-procedure consultation is mandatory. ## Paediatrics & Neonatology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/paediatrics-neonatology Summary: SRM Prime Hospital offers expert paediatrics & neonatology care in Ramapuram, Chennai for newborns, infants and children, ensuring healthy growth and development. Expert care for newborns, infants, and children. About Our Paediatrics & Neonatology Department ### Comprehensive Child Healthcare at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Paediatrics & Neonatology is dedicated to the health and wellbeing of children — from the moment of birth through infancy, childhood, and adolescence. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine modern paediatric technology with a warm, child-friendly approach focused on accessibility, affordability, and gentle, reassuring care for every young patient and their family. Our paediatrics unit is led by an experienced consultant in paediatrics and neonatology, supported by a dedicated team of trained paediatric nurses, lactation consultants, and child-friendly support staff. Whether you are visiting us for a routine well-baby check-up, vaccination, management of a childhood illness, or urgent newborn care, our team is equipped to examine, treat, and support your child at every stage of growth. With a dedicated newborn care unit, paediatric emergency services, comprehensive immunisation clinic, and close coordination with obstetrics for safe deliveries, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for child healthcare in western Chennai — offering timely diagnosis, gentle treatment, and compassionate, family-centred care. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Child Care Experienced Specialist Consultant in Paediatrics & Neonatology with 14+ years of clinical experience, available Monday to Saturday. Full In-House Diagnostics Paediatric laboratory, growth charting, and hearing and vision screening — all available within the hospital for faster results. 24/7 Paediatric Emergency Care Paediatric emergency line: 044 3500 3500 — available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Dedicated Newborn Care Unit Round-the-clock newborn and NICU care for healthy and special-care babies alike. We only recommend what is clinically necessary. Consultations in English, Tamil, and Hindi. Preventive Focus Structured immunisation programme, well-baby visits, and growth and development monitoring from birth. ### Meet Our Paediatrics & Neonatology Specialist Our paediatrics department is led by an experienced consultant trained across the full scope of child and newborn healthcare — meaning your child receives expert guidance from birth through every stage of growth, all within the same trusted care pathway. ##### Dr. Harish K Consultant – Paediatrics & Neonatology 14+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-harish-k#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-harish-k) ### Specialised Paediatrics Services Complete newborn and child healthcare — gentle, personalised and family-centred Specialised Paediatrics Services Key Procedures & Therapies Paediatric Sub-Specialities #### Newborn Care & NICU Our dedicated newborn care unit supports safe delivery-room stabilisation and specialised inpatient care for babies who need close monitoring, including preterm and low-birth-weight infants. Paediatric Emergency & Critical Care Immunisation & Well-Baby Clinic Growth & Development Monitoring Paediatric Nutrition Emergency Paediatric Care — 24×7 #### Specialised Paediatrics Services ##### Paediatric Emergency & Critical Care Prompt evaluation and treatment for acutely unwell children - high fever, breathing difficulty, dehydration, seizures, and injuries - with close coordination between our paediatric and emergency teams. ##### Immunisation & Well-Baby Clinic A structured immunisation programme following national and international schedules, paired with regular well-baby visits to track growth, nutrition, and developmental progress. ##### Growth & Development Monitoring Regular height, weight, and head circumference charting against standard growth curves - Developmental milestone screening at key ages - Early identification of growth faltering or developmental delay - Referral pathways for children needing specialised developmental support ##### Paediatric Nutrition Breastfeeding support and lactation counselling for new mothers - Weaning and complementary feeding guidance - Management of undernutrition, faltering growth, and childhood obesity - Nutritional counselling for children with chronic illness or food allergies ##### Emergency Paediatric Care — 24×7 Our paediatric emergency team is available around the clock for acutely unwell infants and children. Call 044 3500 3500 immediately for any paediatric emergency. #### Key Procedures & Therapies ##### Newborn Screening A panel of simple tests performed shortly after birth to screen for certain metabolic, hormonal, and hearing conditions that are not otherwise apparent at birth but can affect a baby's long-term health if undetected. ##### Phototherapy for Neonatal Jaundice A safe, non-invasive treatment that uses special blue-spectrum light to help break down excess bilirubin in a newborn's blood, treating the yellowish discolouration of skin and eyes known as jaundice. ##### Nebulisation Therapy A treatment that delivers medication directly into a child's airways in a fine mist form, making it easier for young children to receive respiratory medication effectively. ##### Oral & IV Rehydration Therapy Treatment to restore fluid and electrolyte balance in children who have become dehydrated, most commonly due to diarrhoea, vomiting, or fever, using oral rehydration solution or intravenous fluids depending on severity. #### Paediatric Sub-Specialities ##### General Paediatrics Comprehensive care for common childhood illnesses, well-baby visits, immunisation, and routine health monitoring from birth through adolescence. ##### Paediatric Emergency & Critical Care Prompt evaluation and treatment of acutely unwell children, including high fever, breathing difficulty, dehydration, and injuries. ##### Paediatric Nutrition & Growth Structured monitoring of growth and nutrition, feeding support, and management of undernutrition or growth faltering in children. ##### Paediatric Infectious Disease Diagnosis and management of common and recurrent childhood infections, with a focus on appropriate, judicious use of antibiotics. ##### Developmental & Adolescent Paediatrics Developmental milestone screening, early intervention referral, and health guidance through the adolescent years. Neonatal Jaundice — Yellowing of a Newborn's Skin and Eyes A common condition in newborns caused by a build-up of bilirubin in the blood, giving the skin and eyes a yellowish tinge. Most cases are mild and resolve on their own within the first two weeks of life. Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes, usually starting on the face and spreading downward, poor feeding, and excessive sleepiness in more significant cases. Regular monitoring of bilirubin levels, encouragement of frequent feeding, and phototherapy for babies with higher bilirubin levels, with close follow-up until levels normalise. Respiratory Infections — Common Childhood Chest Illnesses Fever & Common Viral Infections in Children Diarrhoea & Dehydration in Children Diagnostic & Screening Services ### Advanced Paediatric Diagnostics Children require diagnostic care adapted to their age and needs. SRM Prime Hospital provides a child-friendly diagnostic platform, coordinated by our paediatric team to ensure every test is appropriate, comfortable, and clinically directed. Growth & Development Charting Regular plotting of height, weight, and head circumference against standard growth curves, along with developmental milestone screening - performed at every well-baby and follow-up visit. Newborn Hearing Screening A quick, painless test performed shortly after birth to detect hearing concerns early, allowing timely intervention for optimal speech and language development. Vision Screening Age-appropriate vision assessment to detect refractive errors, squint, or other visual concerns that can affect a child's learning and development if left undetected. Paediatric Laboratory Diagnostics Blood counts, infection markers, electrolyte panels, and other essential tests performed with child-friendly sample collection techniques to minimise discomfort. Nutritional Assessment Evaluation of a child's dietary intake and growth pattern to identify undernutrition, growth faltering, or excess weight gain, with individualised nutritional guidance. Immunisation Records & Scheduling Structured tracking of each child's vaccination history with reminders for upcoming doses, ensuring complete and timely immunisation coverage. ### 24/7 Care for Urgent Paediatric Conditions Call immediately for any paediatric emergency 24×7 Paediatric Emergency Support Newborn resuscitation and stabilisation Injury and accident care for children Rapid assessment of high fever, breathing difficulty, and seizures Dehydration and rehydration management Close coordination with obstetrics for high-risk deliveries ### Conditions Treated at Our Paediatric & Neonatal Hospital in Chennai #### Respiratory Infections — Common Childhood Chest Illnesses **What it is:** Infections affecting a child's airways or lungs, most commonly caused by viruses in infants (bronchiolitis) or bacteria and viruses in older children (pneumonia), particularly common during cooler months. **Symptoms:** Cough, fast or laboured breathing, wheeze, fever, poor feeding, and, in more severe cases, chest indrawing or bluish discolouration around the lips requiring urgent care. **Treatment:** Clinical assessment and oxygen saturation monitoring, nebulisation or bronchodilator therapy where needed, antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia, and hospitalisation for children with breathing difficulty or low oxygen levels. #### Fever & Common Viral Infections in Children **What it is:** Fever is one of the most common reasons children are brought to a paediatrician, usually representing the body's response to a viral infection such as a cold, flu, or viral exanthem. **Symptoms:** Raised body temperature, irritability, reduced appetite, and, depending on the underlying virus, symptoms such as rash, cough, or sore throat. **Treatment:** Clinical evaluation to identify the cause and rule out serious infection, fever-reducing medication as needed, hydration advice, and clear guidance to parents on warning signs requiring urgent review. #### Diarrhoea & Dehydration in Children **What it is:** Frequent loose or watery stools, most often caused by viral or bacterial gastroenteritis, which can lead to dehydration, particularly in infants and young children, if fluid losses are not adequately replaced. **Symptoms:** Frequent watery stools, vomiting, reduced urine output, dry mouth, sunken eyes, and lethargy in cases of significant dehydration. **Treatment:** Oral rehydration solution for mild to moderate dehydration, intravenous fluids for more severe cases, dietary guidance during recovery, and identification of any underlying cause requiring specific treatment. #### Asthma & Allergic Disorders in Children **What it is:** A chronic condition causing inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to recurrent episodes of wheeze, cough, and breathing difficulty, often triggered by allergens, infections, or exercise. **Symptoms:** Recurrent wheeze, persistent cough (especially at night), breathlessness, and chest tightness, along with associated allergic symptoms such as eczema or allergic rhinitis in some children. **Treatment:** Detailed assessment of triggers and symptom pattern, inhaler and nebuliser therapy, a personalised asthma action plan for parents, and long-term follow-up to monitor control and adjust treatment. #### Malnutrition & Growth Failure - Faltering Growth in Children **What it is:** A condition where a child's weight or height gain falls significantly behind expected growth patterns, which may result from inadequate nutrition, feeding difficulties, chronic illness, or underlying medical conditions. **Symptoms:** Poor weight gain, visible thinness, fatigue, frequent infections, and delayed developmental milestones in more significant cases. **Treatment:** Detailed growth and dietary assessment, identification of underlying causes, structured nutritional rehabilitation plans, and regular follow-up to track catch-up growth. #### Congenital Disorders - Conditions Present from Birth **What it is:** Structural or functional abnormalities present at birth, ranging from minor conditions requiring simple monitoring to more complex conditions affecting the heart, digestive system, or other organs. **Symptoms:** Varies widely depending on the specific condition — may be identified on newborn examination, through screening tests, or as symptoms become apparent in early infancy. **Treatment:** Thorough newborn examination and screening, early identification, and coordinated referral to appropriate paediatric subspecialists for conditions requiring specialised management. #### Anaemia in Children - Low Haemoglobin Levels **What it is:** A condition in which a child has a lower than normal level of haemoglobin or red blood cells, most commonly due to iron deficiency, affecting energy levels and, if prolonged, growth and development. **Symptoms:** Pale skin, fatigue, irritability, poor appetite, and reduced concentration or activity levels. Often detected on routine blood testing before symptoms are obvious. **Treatment:** Blood testing to confirm the diagnosis and identify the cause, dietary counselling to improve iron intake, iron supplementation where needed, and follow-up testing to confirm improvement. #### Skin Infections & Common Childhood Rashes **What it is:** A range of common skin conditions in children, including bacterial and fungal skin infections, eczema, and viral rashes associated with common childhood illnesses. **Symptoms:** Redness, itching, blistering, or scaling of the skin, sometimes accompanied by fever or other systemic symptoms depending on the underlying cause. **Treatment:** Clinical examination to identify the type of skin condition, appropriate topical or oral treatment, and guidance on skincare and hygiene to prevent recurrence or spread to others. #### Developmental Delays - Slower-than-Expected Milestone Achievement **What it is:** A condition where a child does not reach expected developmental milestones - such as speech, motor skills, or social interaction - within the typical age range, which may be an isolated finding or associated with an underlying condition. **Symptoms:** Delayed speech or language development, motor skill delays, difficulty with social interaction, or a combination of these, noticed by parents or identified during routine screening. **Treatment:** Structured developmental screening at regular intervals, early identification of concerns, and timely referral to developmental paediatrics or therapy services to support the best possible outcomes. #### Parent Support & Education We empower families with: - Breastfeeding and lactation support - Newborn care training - Nutrition and feeding guidance - Vaccination awareness programs #### Pediatric Subspecialties Our pediatrics and neonatology unit includes: - Pediatric endocrinology - Cardiology - Gastroenterology - Nephrology - Neurology and developmental pediatrics #### Pediatric Emergency & ICU Care As a trusted best pediatric hospital in Chennai, we provide: - 24×7 pediatric emergency services - Pediatric ICU (PICU) - Treatment for seizures, trauma, asthma attacks, and infections #### Neonatology Department in Chennai Our neonatology department focuses on: - Premature baby care - Newborn jaundice management - Respiratory distress treatment - Neonatal infection and sepsis care #### Pediatric General Care Our pediatrician in Chennai team offers: - Routine health checkups - Growth and nutrition monitoring - Allergy and asthma care - Pediatric dermatology services - Diet and nutrition counselling #### Parent Support Services Breastfeeding & lactation counseling - Newborn care coaching - Nutrition & feeding guidance - Vaccination and immunity education #### Baby to Kid Vaccination & Immunization Full vaccination schedule - Catch-up immunization for delayed vaccines - Travel immunization - International vaccination support - Digital vaccination records ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see a paediatrician at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our consultant — Dr. Harish K — by calling [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) or booking online at [www.srmhospitals.com](https://srmhospitals.com/). #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have a NICU for premature or unwell newborns? Yes, we have a dedicated Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) equipped to care for preterm, low-birth-weight, and unwell newborns, staffed by trained neonatal nursing staff under close paediatric supervision. #### What vaccinations does SRM Prime Hospital offer? We offer complete childhood immunisation as per the national immunisation schedule, along with additional recommended vaccines. Our team maintains vaccination records and provides reminders for upcoming doses. #### My baby has jaundice — is this normal, and when should I worry? Mild jaundice is common in newborns and usually resolves on its own within the first two weeks. However, jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours, spreads rapidly, or is accompanied by poor feeding or excessive sleepiness should be evaluated promptly - our team can assess and treat with phototherapy if needed. #### How often should I bring my child for well-baby check-ups? We recommend regular well-baby visits at scheduled intervals during the first two years of life, coinciding with immunisation visits, and at least annually thereafter to monitor growth, development, and overall health. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have a 24/7 paediatric emergency service? Yes. Our paediatric emergency line - 044 3500 3500 - is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for high fever, breathing difficulty, dehydration, seizures, and injuries. Call immediately if your child shows any concerning symptoms. Yes. Our paediatric emergency line - [044 3500 3500](tel:044 3500 3500) - is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for high fever, breathing difficulty, dehydration, seizures, and injuries. Call immediately if your child shows any concerning symptoms. #### What should I do if my child has a high fever at home? Offer plenty of fluids and age-appropriate fever-reducing medication if advised by your doctor. Seek urgent medical attention if the fever is very high, lasts more than a couple of days, or is accompanied by lethargy, difficulty breathing, rash, or refusal to feed. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital support breastfeeding and lactation guidance? Yes, our team provides breastfeeding support and lactation counselling for new mothers, both during the hospital stay after delivery and at follow-up visits, to help establish successful feeding. #### Can I get a second opinion on my child's condition at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome parents seeking a second opinion on a diagnosis or treatment plan for their child. Our paediatricians will review all previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person - call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) to schedule. ## General Medicine & Diabetology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/general-medicine-diabetology Summary: SRM Prime Hospital offers holistic general medicine & diabetology care in Ramapuram, Chennai, managing diabetes & overall health with expert treatment. Holistic care for general health and diabetes management. About Our General Medicine & Diabetology Department ### Comprehensive Adult Healthcare at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of General Medicine & Diabetology is dedicated to the comprehensive, ongoing healthcare of adults — from acute illnesses such as fever and infections to the long-term management of chronic conditions like diabetes, hypertension, and thyroid disorders. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine decades of clinical experience with a warm, patient-first philosophy focused on accessibility, affordability, and truly personalised care. Our general medicine unit is led by experienced physicians with a special focus on diabetology and metabolic health, together bringing more than five decades of combined clinical experience. Whether you are visiting us for a sudden illness, ongoing management of diabetes or high blood pressure, a preventive health check-up, or guidance on age-related health concerns, our team is equipped to evaluate, diagnose, and treat you with thoroughness and compassion. With comprehensive in-house diagnostics, a structured approach to chronic disease management, and physicians known for their diagnostic acumen and patient-centred care, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for general medicine and internal medicine care in western Chennai — offering accurate diagnosis, safe treatment, and lasting, holistic wellbeing. ### Why Choose Srm Prime Hospital For General Medicine Diabetology Care Decades of Trusted Experience A senior consultant with 40+ years of service and national recognition, alongside a focused diabetology specialist. Comprehensive Diabetes & Metabolic Care Structured, individualised management for diabetes, hypertension, and related conditions. Full In-House Diagnostics Blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid, thyroid, and general health panels — all available within the hospital for faster results. Thorough clinical evaluation and clear communication. Consultations in English and Tamil. Preventive Health Focus Comprehensive health check-ups to catch risk factors early, before symptoms appear. Telemedicine Support Remote consultation options to support continuity of care between in-person visits. ### Our General Medicine & Diabetology Specialists Consult experienced consultants for general medicine & diabetology care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Prabha G Senior Consultant – General Medicine & Diabeteology 10+ years of experience English • Tamil • Kannada • Hindi 12:30 - 18:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-prabha-g#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-prabha-g) ##### Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P Consultant – General Medicine & Diabeteology 16+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-praveen-kumar-reddy#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-praveen-kumar-reddy) ##### Dr. Thomas George A Senior Consultant – Internal Medicine and Diabetology 40+ years of experience 09:00 - 18:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-a-thomas-george#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-a-thomas-george) ### Specialised General Medicine & Diabetology Services Comprehensive adult and diabetes care — personalised to each patient's needs. Specialised General Medicine Services Key Services Explained Diagnostic Services #### Diabetes & Metabolic Disorder Management Structured, individualised management of diabetes and related metabolic conditions, drawing on dedicated diabetology training and decades of experience helping patients achieve lasting glucose control. Hypertension Management Acute Illness Care Chronic Disease Management Age-Related Health Concerns Preventive Healthcare #### Specialised General Medicine Services ##### Hypertension Management Comprehensive evaluation and long-term management of high blood pressure, with attention to associated cardiometabolic risk factors and individualised treatment targets. ##### Acute Illness Care Prompt, thorough evaluation and treatment of fever, infections, and other acute medical concerns, with careful attention to accurate diagnosis and safe, effective treatment. ##### Chronic Disease Management Ongoing, structured management of chronic conditions over the long term, helping patients maintain stability, prevent complications, and achieve sustained wellbeing. ##### Age-Related Health Concerns Thoughtful, experienced care for the health concerns that accompany ageing, with a focus on maintaining function, independence, and quality of life. ##### Preventive Healthcare Comprehensive health check-ups and preventive screening to identify risk factors early and support long-term health, rather than simply treating illness after it develops. #### Key Services Explained ##### Diabetes Management Programme A structured, individualised approach to diagnosing and managing diabetes, encompassing blood sugar monitoring, medication management, dietary guidance, and regular screening for diabetes-related complications. ##### Hypertension Evaluation & Management A thorough evaluation of blood pressure and associated cardiovascular risk factors, followed by an individualised treatment plan combining medication and lifestyle measures to achieve safe, sustained blood pressure control. ##### Comprehensive Health Check-Up A structured set of clinical assessments and laboratory investigations designed to screen for common health risks and detect conditions early, before symptoms develop. ##### Fever & Infection Evaluation A thorough clinical assessment to identify the cause of fever or suspected infection, distinguishing between common, self-limiting illnesses and conditions that require more targeted treatment or further investigation. #### Diagnostic Services ##### Blood Glucose & HbA1c Testing Blood sugar monitoring and HbA1c testing to diagnose diabetes and assess long-term blood sugar control over the preceding two to three months. ##### Lipid Profile Blood testing to assess cholesterol and triglyceride levels, an important component of cardiovascular risk assessment. ##### Thyroid Function Tests Blood tests to assess thyroid hormone levels, used to diagnose and monitor an underactive or overactive thyroid gland. ##### Renal & Liver Function Tests Blood tests assessing kidney and liver function, important for both diagnosis and safe, ongoing medication management. ##### ECG (Electrocardiogram) A quick, painless test to assess the heart's electrical activity, commonly included as part of cardiovascular risk assessment and preventive health check-ups. ##### Complete Blood Count & General Health Panel Comprehensive blood testing to assess overall health, screen for anaemia and infection, and support accurate diagnosis of a wide range of conditions. Diabetes Mellitus A chronic condition in which the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels, either due to insufficient insulin production (Type 1) or insulin resistance combined with relatively insufficient insulin (Type 2, the more common form in adults). Increased thirst and urination, unexplained weight loss or fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing wounds. Type 2 diabetes is often diagnosed through routine screening before symptoms appear. Individualised management combining lifestyle and dietary counselling, medication or insulin as needed, regular blood sugar monitoring, and structured screening for diabetes-related complications. Hypertension — High Blood Pressure Thyroid Disorders Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome Technology & Clinical Advancements #### Hypertension — High Blood Pressure **What it is:** A common condition in which the force of blood against artery walls is consistently too high, significantly increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and kidney damage if left uncontrolled. **Symptoms:** Often without symptoms, which is why hypertension is sometimes called a 'silent' condition — regular blood pressure checks are important even when feeling well. **Treatment:** Individualised treatment combining lifestyle measures such as dietary sodium reduction and physical activity, with medication as needed to achieve safe, sustained blood pressure control. #### Thyroid Disorders **What it is:** Conditions affecting the thyroid gland's hormone production, either producing too little (hypothyroidism) or too much (hyperthyroidism) thyroid hormone, affecting metabolism and overall energy levels. **Symptoms:** Hypothyroidism may cause fatigue, weight gain, and feeling cold; hyperthyroidism may cause weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety or restlessness. **Treatment:** Blood testing to confirm the diagnosis, followed by appropriate medication to normalise thyroid hormone levels, with regular monitoring to ensure treatment remains well balanced. #### Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome **What it is:** A cluster of conditions — including excess weight, high blood pressure, abnormal cholesterol, and insulin resistance — that together significantly increase the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. **Symptoms:** Excess body weight, particularly around the abdomen, along with any combination of high blood pressure, abnormal blood sugar, or abnormal cholesterol levels. **Treatment:** Comprehensive assessment of all contributing factors, individualised lifestyle and dietary counselling, and medical management of specific components such as blood pressure or cholesterol as needed. #### Viral Fevers & Common Infections **What it is:** Common illnesses caused by viral or bacterial infection, ranging from mild, self-limiting viral fevers to infections requiring more specific treatment. **Symptoms:** Fever, fatigue, body aches, and symptoms specific to the site of infection, such as cough, sore throat, or digestive upset. **Treatment:** Thorough clinical evaluation to identify the likely cause, supportive care and fever management for viral illnesses, and targeted treatment where a specific infection is identified. #### Respiratory Tract Infections **What it is:** Infections affecting the airways or lungs, ranging from common colds and bronchitis to more significant lower respiratory tract infections requiring closer evaluation. **Symptoms:** Cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, and, in more significant infections, fever, breathlessness, or chest discomfort. **Treatment:** Clinical assessment to determine severity and likely cause, supportive care for mild infections, and antibiotic therapy where a bacterial infection is identified. #### Dyslipidaemia — Abnormal Cholesterol Levels **What it is:** Abnormal levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood, an important, modifiable risk factor for heart disease and stroke. **Symptoms:** Usually without symptoms, typically identified through routine blood testing or cardiovascular risk assessment. **Treatment:** Dietary and lifestyle counselling as a first step, with cholesterol-lowering medication considered for patients at higher cardiovascular risk, guided by regular monitoring. #### Anaemia — Low Haemoglobin Levels **What it is:** A condition in which the blood has a lower than normal level of haemoglobin or red blood cells, reducing the blood's capacity to carry oxygen and commonly resulting from iron or other nutritional deficiencies. **Symptoms:** Fatigue, weakness, pale skin, breathlessness on exertion, and reduced ability to concentrate. **Treatment:** Blood testing to identify the type and likely cause of anaemia, followed by appropriate supplementation or treatment of any underlying condition contributing to it. #### Age-Related Health Concerns **What it is:** The range of health considerations that become more prominent with age, including managing multiple chronic conditions together, medication safety, and maintaining overall function and independence. **Symptoms:** Varies widely — may include reduced energy, multiple co-existing chronic conditions, or general concerns about maintaining health and independence with advancing age. **Treatment:** Comprehensive, individualised assessment considering all aspects of a patient's health together, with careful attention to medication safety and a focus on maintaining quality of life. #### Chronic Fatigue & General Weakness **What it is:** Persistent tiredness or weakness that can result from a wide range of underlying causes, including anaemia, thyroid disorders, poor sleep, or other chronic medical conditions. **Symptoms:** Persistent tiredness not relieved by rest, reduced stamina, and difficulty carrying out usual daily activities. **Treatment:** Thorough clinical evaluation and targeted testing to identify any underlying cause, followed by treatment of the specific condition identified alongside general lifestyle guidance. ### Advanced Diagnostics for Adult Medicine Comprehensive in-house testing for accurate diagnosis and ongoing chronic-disease care. Comprehensive In-House Laboratory For blood glucose, HbA1c, lipid, thyroid, and general health panels ECG & Basic Cardiovascular Screening As part of comprehensive health check-ups Structured Diabetes & Chronic Disease Follow-Up For consistent, ongoing monitoring and care Telemedicine Consultation Supporting continuity of care beyond in-person visits Close Coordination with Specialist Departments For patients requiring cardiology, nephrology, or other specialist input ### When to Seek Urgent Medical Care Call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) for the emergency list; keep appointment number for consultations. 24/7 acute medical evaluation and admission High or persistent fever requiring urgent assessment Sudden breathlessness or chest discomfort Very high or very low blood sugar in diabetic patients Uncontrolled blood pressure with symptoms Severe dehydration, vomiting, or acute weakness ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see a general physician at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our consultants — Dr. A Thomas George or Dr. P Praveen Kumar Reddy — by calling 044 3545 3545 or booking online at www.srmhospitals.com. #### I was recently diagnosed with diabetes — where should I start? We recommend booking a consultation for a comprehensive assessment, including blood glucose and HbA1c testing, followed by an individualised management plan combining lifestyle guidance and, where needed, medication, with regular follow-up to monitor your progress. #### How often should I get a health check-up if I feel well? Even without symptoms, regular preventive health check-ups are valuable, particularly for detecting conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and thyroid disorders early. Our team can recommend a suitable screening schedule based on your age and risk factors. #### Can general medicine manage my high blood pressure long-term, or do I need a cardiologist? Our general medicine team regularly manages hypertension as part of comprehensive, long-term care. If a specific cardiac concern arises, we can coordinate a referral to our cardiology team as needed. #### What should I do if I have a fever that isn't going away? Persistent fever warrants a clinical evaluation to identify the underlying cause. Book an appointment with our general medicine team for a thorough assessment and appropriate testing if needed. #### Is telemedicine consultation available for follow-up visits? Yes, telemedicine consultations are available to support continuity of care, particularly useful for routine follow-up on chronic conditions such as diabetes and hypertension. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital manage thyroid disorders? Yes, our general medicine team evaluates and manages thyroid disorders, including both underactive and overactive thyroid conditions, with blood testing to confirm diagnosis and ongoing monitoring of treatment. #### How does the hospital support elderly patients with multiple health conditions? Our physicians take a comprehensive approach to age-related health concerns, considering all of a patient's conditions and medications together, with a focus on safety, function, and quality of life. #### Can I get a second opinion on my diagnosis or treatment plan at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on a diagnosis or ongoing treatment plan. Our physicians will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person — call 044 3545 3545 to schedule. ## Infectious Disease URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/infectious-disease Summary: SRM Hospital provides specialised infectious disease care in Ramapuram, Chennai, focused on prevention, diagnosis & treatment of infections with expert doctors. Specialised care for the prevention and treatment of infections. About Our Infectious Disease Department ### Comprehensive Infection Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Infectious Diseases is dedicated to the accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of the full spectrum of infections — from common community-acquired illnesses to complex, drug-resistant, and hospital-acquired infections. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine evidence-based infectious disease medicine with a strong commitment to responsible antibiotic use and patient safety. Our infectious diseases unit is led by a specialist consultant trained in the diagnosis and management of bacterial, viral, fungal, and tropical infections, working closely with our microbiology laboratory, critical care, and other clinical departments to deliver precise, evidence-based care. Whether you are visiting us for an unexplained or prolonged fever, a complicated infection, a tropical or travel-related illness, or specialist input on antibiotic therapy, our team is equipped to evaluate, diagnose, and treat you promptly. With advanced diagnostic microbiology, a dedicated antimicrobial stewardship approach, and close coordination with intensive care for critically ill and immunocompromised patients, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for infectious disease care in western Chennai — offering timely diagnosis, targeted treatment, and responsible, safe use of antimicrobial therapy. ### Why Choose Srm Prime Hospital for Infectious Disease Care Focused Specialist Expertise Consultant in Infectious Disease with dedicated training in microbial medicine and infection control. Advanced Diagnostic Microbiology Culture, PCR, and serology diagnostics available in-house for faster, targeted treatment. Responsible Antibiotic Use Culture-guided antimicrobial stewardship to improve outcomes and reduce resistance. We only recommend what is clinically necessary. Consultations in English and Tamil. Multidisciplinary Coordination Close collaboration with critical care and other specialities for complex infections. Care for Complex Cases Specialist support for fever of unknown origin, recurrent infections, and infections in immunocompromised patients. ### Our Infectious Disease Specialists Consult experienced consultants for infectious disease care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Dayanandan Y Consultant – Infectious Disease 8+ years of experience 13:30 - 16:30 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-dayanandan-y#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-dayanandan-y) ### Our Infectious Disease Treatment Services Specialised Infectious Disease Services Key Services & Evaluations Explained Diagnostic Microbiology Services #### Diagnosis & Management of Complex Infections Focused, evidence-based evaluation of infections that are severe, prolonged, recurrent, or have not responded to initial treatment — including bacterial, viral, fungal, and tropical infections. Antimicrobial Stewardship Infection Prevention & Control Care for Critically Ill & Immunocompromised Patients Fever of Unknown Origin Clinic Tropical & Travel-Related Infections Dengue Fever — Mosquito-Borne Viral Infection A viral infection transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, common in tropical regions, ranging from mild febrile illness to more severe forms involving bleeding tendencies or shock in a small proportion of cases. High fever, severe headache, pain behind the eyes, joint and muscle pain, rash, and, in more severe cases, bleeding gums, easy bruising, or abdominal pain requiring urgent evaluation. Close monitoring of platelet counts and warning signs, supportive care with fluids and fever management, and hospitalisation with closer monitoring for patients showing signs of severe dengue. Enteric Fever — Typhoid & Paratyphoid Malaria — Mosquito-Borne Parasitic Infection Tuberculosis — Bacterial Lung & Systemic Infection Diagnostic Services ### Advanced Diagnostics, Faster Answers — Infectious Disease Infrastructure at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram Culture, PCR, and serology diagnostics available in-house for faster, targeted treatment, with isolation-capable inpatient beds and close critical care coordination for patients who are severely unwell. In-House Microbiology Laboratory Culture, sensitivity, and rapid diagnostic testing. PCR & Molecular Diagnostics Rapid, precise pathogen identification. Comprehensive Serology Panel For dengue, typhoid, hepatitis, and other common infections. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Guiding precise, targeted therapy. Isolation-Capable Inpatient Beds For patients requiring infection precautions. Close Critical Care Coordination For infections in critically ill patients. ### Our infectious diseases team is equipped to evaluate, diagnose, and treat you promptly — from unexplained or prolonged fever to complex, drug-resistant infections. Call [+914435453545](tel:+914435453545) Book directly with our specialist Fever lasting more than a week without clear cause Infection not responding to initial antibiotic treatment Recurrent or complicated infections Suspected tropical illness — dengue, malaria, typhoid Infection in a critically ill or immunocompromised patient Multidrug-resistant organism identified on culture ### treatmentTabs #### Specialised Infectious Disease Services ##### Antimicrobial Stewardship Culture-guided selection of antibiotics, antivirals, and antifungals to ensure the right drug, dose, and duration for each infection — supporting better outcomes while reducing the risk of antimicrobial resistance. ##### Infection Prevention & Control Protocols and specialist oversight to reduce the risk of hospital-acquired infections and manage multidrug-resistant organisms, protecting both individual patients and the wider hospital community. ##### Care for Critically Ill & Immunocompromised Patients Close, multidisciplinary management of infections in patients who are critically ill or have weakened immunity — including those on chemotherapy, transplant recipients, and patients with chronic illness. ##### Fever of Unknown Origin Clinic Structured, methodical evaluation for patients with prolonged or unexplained fever, combining detailed clinical assessment with targeted laboratory and imaging investigations to reach an accurate diagnosis. ##### Tropical & Travel-Related Infections Diagnosis and treatment of dengue, malaria, enteric fever (typhoid), and other tropical infections common to this region, along with guidance for travellers on infection risk and prevention. #### Key Services & Evaluations Explained ##### Fever of Unknown Origin Evaluation A structured diagnostic evaluation for fever that persists beyond the usual duration of common infections and remains unexplained despite initial assessment, requiring a systematic search for the underlying cause. ##### Blood Culture & Sepsis Workup A set of blood tests and cultures performed to identify the specific organism responsible for a bloodstream infection or suspected sepsis, guiding precise, targeted antibiotic therapy. ##### Targeted Antimicrobial Therapy Treatment with antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals selected specifically based on the identified organism and its sensitivity pattern, rather than broad, empirical treatment alone. ##### Infection Prevention & Control Consultation Specialist review and guidance to prevent the spread of infection within the hospital, particularly for patients with multidrug-resistant organisms or those requiring isolation precautions. #### Diagnostic Microbiology Services ##### Blood, Urine & Tissue Culture Identification of the specific organism causing an infection, together with antibiotic sensitivity testing, to guide accurate, targeted treatment. ##### PCR-Based Pathogen Detection Rapid molecular testing to detect bacterial, viral, or fungal genetic material directly from patient samples, enabling faster diagnosis than traditional culture alone. ##### Serology & Antibody Testing Blood tests to detect antibodies or antigens for infections such as dengue, typhoid, hepatitis, and other viral and bacterial illnesses. ##### Complete Blood Count & Inflammatory Markers Blood counts, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and other markers used to assess the severity of infection and monitor response to treatment. ##### Imaging-Guided Source Identification Ultrasound, CT, or other imaging used to identify deep-seated infection sources such as abscesses, guiding both diagnosis and, where needed, source-control procedures. ##### Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Laboratory testing to determine which antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals a specific organism is sensitive to, ensuring the most effective and appropriately targeted treatment. ### conditionsAccordion #### Enteric Fever — Typhoid & Paratyphoid **What it is:** A bacterial infection caused by Salmonella typhi or paratyphi, typically spread through contaminated food or water, common in areas with inconsistent access to safe drinking water. **Symptoms:** Prolonged fever, headache, abdominal discomfort, loss of appetite, and, in some cases, a rash or constipation/diarrhoea. Symptoms often develop gradually over several days. **Treatment:** Blood culture to confirm diagnosis, targeted antibiotic therapy based on sensitivity, supportive care, and monitoring for rare but serious complications in severe or delayed cases. #### Malaria — Mosquito-Borne Parasitic Infection **What it is:** A parasitic infection transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes, caused by Plasmodium species, which can range from uncomplicated illness to severe, life-threatening disease if not promptly treated. **Symptoms:** Cyclical fever with chills and sweating, headache, muscle aches, fatigue, and, in severe cases, jaundice, confusion, or breathing difficulty requiring urgent hospital care. **Treatment:** Rapid diagnostic testing and blood smear examination to confirm the species, prompt antimalarial therapy, and close monitoring for signs of severe disease requiring inpatient care. #### Tuberculosis — Bacterial Lung & Systemic Infection **What it is:** A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, most commonly affecting the lungs but capable of affecting other organs, requiring a prolonged course of combination antibiotic therapy. **Symptoms:** Persistent cough (often more than two weeks), low-grade fever, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, and fatigue. Symptoms vary depending on which part of the body is affected. **Treatment:** Confirmatory testing including sputum or tissue examination, initiation of standard multi-drug anti-tuberculosis therapy, and structured follow-up to ensure treatment completion and monitor for side effects. #### Complicated Urinary Tract Infections **What it is:** Urinary infections that are recurrent, involve the kidneys, occur in patients with structural abnormalities or catheters, or are caused by drug-resistant organisms, requiring more detailed evaluation than simple infections. **Symptoms:** Burning or frequent urination, fever, flank or back pain, cloudy or foul-smelling urine, and, in more severe cases, nausea, vomiting, or confusion. **Treatment:** Urine culture-guided antibiotic selection, imaging to identify any underlying structural cause, and closer follow-up for patients with recurrent or resistant infections. #### Skin & Soft Tissue Infections **What it is:** Bacterial infections affecting the skin and underlying soft tissue, ranging from mild cellulitis to more serious, deep-seated infections requiring surgical input alongside antibiotic therapy. **Symptoms:** Redness, warmth, swelling, and pain over the affected area, sometimes with fever, pus formation, or spreading redness requiring urgent evaluation. **Treatment:** Clinical assessment of severity, targeted antibiotic therapy, and, where needed, coordination with surgical colleagues for drainage or debridement of deeper infections. #### HIV & Opportunistic Infections **What it is:** Management of infections that occur due to a weakened immune system, most notably in patients living with HIV, requiring specialised knowledge of both the underlying condition and associated infections. **Symptoms:** Varies widely depending on the specific opportunistic infection, ranging from persistent fever and weight loss to infections affecting the lungs, brain, or other organs. **Treatment:** Comprehensive evaluation to identify the specific infection, targeted treatment, and coordinated, confidential, long-term care in collaboration with relevant specialists. #### COVID-19 & Post-COVID Syndrome **What it is:** Infection caused by SARS-CoV-2, and, in some patients, a range of persistent symptoms that continue for weeks or months after the initial infection has resolved. **Symptoms:** Fever, cough, breathlessness, and fatigue during acute infection; persistent fatigue, breathlessness, or reduced exercise tolerance in post-COVID syndrome. **Treatment:** Appropriate testing and supportive care during acute infection, with structured evaluation and symptom-directed management for patients experiencing prolonged post-COVID symptoms. #### Sepsis & Bloodstream Infections **What it is:** A serious, potentially life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to infection causes widespread inflammation, which can lead to organ dysfunction if not treated urgently. **Symptoms:** High fever or low body temperature, rapid heart rate, breathlessness, confusion, and low blood pressure — a medical emergency requiring immediate evaluation and treatment. **Treatment:** Urgent blood cultures, prompt empirical antibiotic therapy, source identification and control, and close monitoring, with intensive care support for patients who are critically unwell. #### Hospital-Acquired & Multidrug-Resistant Infections **What it is:** Infections acquired during a hospital stay, or infections caused by organisms resistant to multiple antibiotics, requiring specialised knowledge to select effective treatment and prevent further spread. **Symptoms:** Varies depending on the site of infection — may include fever, wound discharge, breathing difficulty, or urinary symptoms developing during or shortly after a hospital admission. **Treatment:** Prompt identification through culture and sensitivity testing, carefully selected antibiotic therapy based on resistance patterns, and strict infection control measures to prevent transmission to others. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see an infectious disease specialist at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our consultant — Dr. Dayanandan Y — by calling 044 3545 3545 or booking online at www.srmhospitals.com. However, many patients are referred by another treating doctor when a complex or unresolved infection is suspected. #### When should I see an infectious disease specialist instead of a general physician? Consider a specialist consultation if you have fever lasting more than a week without a clear cause, an infection that has not responded to initial antibiotic treatment, a recurrent or complicated infection, or an infection identified as multidrug-resistant on culture testing. #### What is antimicrobial stewardship, and why does it matter? Antimicrobial stewardship means selecting the right antibiotic, at the right dose, for the right duration, guided by culture results wherever possible. It improves your chances of successful treatment while helping protect the long-term effectiveness of antibiotics for everyone. #### I have had a fever for over a week with no clear cause — what happens next? This is known as fever of unknown origin and warrants a structured evaluation. Our specialist will take a detailed history, perform a thorough examination, and order targeted blood tests, cultures, and imaging as needed to systematically identify the underlying cause. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital treat dengue, malaria, and typhoid? Yes, our infectious disease team regularly diagnoses and manages tropical infections including dengue, malaria, and enteric fever (typhoid), with access to rapid diagnostic testing and close monitoring for warning signs of severe disease. #### Can the infectious disease team help if I am immunocompromised — for example, on chemotherapy or after a transplant? Yes. Our specialist has particular expertise in managing infections in critically ill and immunocompromised patients, working closely with your other treating doctors to ensure safe, coordinated, and effective care. #### How long does antibiotic treatment for a serious infection usually last? This varies significantly depending on the type and severity of infection — from a few days for straightforward infections to several weeks for deep-seated or complex infections. Your specialist will explain the expected duration and monitor your response throughout treatment. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have infection control measures for hospitalised patients? Yes, our hospital follows structured infection prevention and control protocols, including isolation precautions where needed, to protect patients, staff, and visitors, with specialist oversight for patients with multidrug-resistant infections. #### Can I get a second opinion on my infection diagnosis or treatment at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on an infection diagnosis, culture report, or ongoing antibiotic treatment plan. Our specialist will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person — call 044 3545 3545 to schedule. ## Critical Care Medicine URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/critical-care-medicine Summary: SRM Prime Hospital provides advanced critical care medicine in Ramapuram, Chennai, offering expert life support & intensive care for critically ill patients 24/7. Advanced life support and intensive care for critically ill patients. About Our Critical Care Medicine Department ### Advanced Intensive Care for Critically Ill Patients at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Critical Care Medicine is dedicated to the intensive, round-the-clock management of critically ill patients — whether recovering from major surgery, fighting severe infection, or facing a life-threatening medical emergency. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine super-speciality critical care expertise with advanced monitoring and life-support technology to give the most vulnerable patients the best possible chance of recovery. Our critical care unit is led by a senior intensivist with over 27 years of post-graduate experience and nearly two decades dedicated specifically to super-speciality critical care medicine, supported by trained critical care nursing staff and close, continuous coordination with every other clinical department. Whether a patient requires ventilator support, management of multi-organ dysfunction, treatment of severe sepsis, or close monitoring after complex surgery, our team is equipped to provide evidence-based, high-vigilance care around the clock. With advanced monitoring equipment, comprehensive organ support capability, and a leadership team experienced in building and strengthening ICU protocols, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for critical care in western Chennai — offering timely, precise decision-making and seamless multidisciplinary coordination when it matters most. ### Why Patients Choose Srm Prime Hospital Experienced ICU Leadership HOD & Senior Consultant with 27+ years of experience, including nearly two decades in super-speciality critical care. Comprehensive Organ Support Capability to manage multi-organ dysfunction, respiratory failure, and acute kidney injury in critically ill patients. Advanced Monitoring Technology Continuous multi-parameter monitoring, point-of-care ultrasound, and invasive haemodynamic monitoring. Evidence-Based Protocols Structured, protocol-driven care built on established critical care and patient safety standards. 24/7 Critical Care Availability Round-the-clock intensive care monitoring and support for the hospital's most critically ill patients. Seamless Multidisciplinary Coordination Close collaboration with every specialist department for comprehensive, coordinated care. ### Our Critical Care Medicine Specialists Consult experienced consultants for critical care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Prabhu M Head of Department & Senior Consultant – Critical Care Medicine 27+ years of experience 09:00 - 18:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-prabhu-m#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-prabhu-m) ### Specialised Critical Care Services Specialised Critical Care Services Key Procedures Explained Monitoring & Diagnostic Services #### General Medical-Surgical Intensive Care Comprehensive, round-the-clock intensive care for patients recovering from major surgery or facing serious medical illness, with continuous monitoring and rapid response to any change in condition. Multi-Organ Dysfunction Management Sepsis & Severe Infection Management Post-Operative Critical Care Trauma & Emergency Stabilisation Ventilator & Respiratory Support Renal Replacement Therapy in the ICU #### Specialised Critical Care Services ##### Multi-Organ Dysfunction Management Coordinated, evidence-based management of patients whose illness affects multiple organ systems simultaneously, requiring careful, integrated support across specialities. ##### Sepsis & Severe Infection Management Rapid recognition and structured treatment of sepsis and septic shock, following evidence-based protocols to improve the chances of survival and recovery. ##### Post-Operative Critical Care Close monitoring and management for patients following major, complex, or high-risk surgery, ensuring early detection and treatment of any post-operative complications. ##### Trauma & Emergency Stabilisation Rapid, decisive critical care support for patients with severe trauma or life-threatening emergencies, working closely with our emergency medicine team. ##### Ventilator & Respiratory Support Invasive and non-invasive ventilator support for patients with respiratory failure, with careful, individualised weaning as patients recover. #### Key Procedures Explained ##### Mechanical Ventilation A life-support technique that uses a ventilator machine to help or fully take over a patient's breathing when they are unable to breathe adequately on their own due to severe illness or respiratory failure. ##### Central Line & Arterial Line Placement Insertion of specialised catheters into a large vein (central line) or artery (arterial line) to allow precise medication delivery, fluid administration, and continuous, accurate monitoring of blood pressure and blood sampling. ##### Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) A gentler, continuous form of dialysis specifically designed for critically ill, haemodynamically unstable patients, filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood slowly and steadily over 24 hours rather than in short, intensive sessions. ##### Advanced Haemodynamic Monitoring Continuous, detailed monitoring of a patient's cardiovascular status — including blood pressure, heart function, and blood flow — to guide precise, real-time treatment decisions in critically ill patients. #### Monitoring & Diagnostic Services ##### Continuous Multi-Parameter Monitoring Round-the-clock monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and other vital parameters for every patient in intensive care. ##### Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) Analysis Rapid bedside blood testing to assess oxygen levels, carbon dioxide levels, and acid-base balance, guiding immediate treatment decisions. ##### Point-of-Care Ultrasound Bedside ultrasound used for rapid assessment of heart function, fluid status, and other critical findings without moving an unstable patient. ##### Comprehensive ICU Laboratory Panel Rapid, round-the-clock laboratory testing including blood counts, infection markers, kidney and liver function, and coagulation profile. ##### Ventilator & Respiratory Monitoring Continuous monitoring of ventilator settings and respiratory parameters, allowing careful, individualised adjustment as a patient's condition changes. Sepsis & Septic Shock A life-threatening condition in which the body's response to infection causes widespread inflammation, potentially leading to dangerously low blood pressure (septic shock) and organ failure if not treated urgently. High fever or low body temperature, rapid heart rate, breathlessness, confusion, and low blood pressure — recognised and treated as a critical care emergency. Rapid recognition using structured sepsis protocols, prompt antibiotic therapy and source control, aggressive fluid resuscitation, and, where needed, medications to support blood pressure and organ function. Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Post-Surgical Critical Care Advanced Monitoring & Life-Support Technology at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram ### Technology & Clinical Advancements At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Critical Care Medicine combines advanced monitoring equipment with comprehensive organ support capability, giving the most vulnerable patients the best possible chance of recovery. Advanced Ventilator Systems For invasive and non-invasive respiratory support. Continuous Multi-Parameter Monitoring Round-the-clock tracking of vital signs for every ICU patient. Point-of-Care Ultrasound For rapid, bedside clinical assessment. Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) Machines For critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Invasive Haemodynamic Monitoring Arterial and central venous line-based monitoring for precise, real-time cardiovascular assessment. Round-the-Clock ICU Laboratory Support Rapid blood gas and laboratory diagnostics for timely treatment decisions. ### Our intensive care unit provides round-the-clock monitoring and management by trained critical care staff, ensuring immediate response to any change in a patient's condition at any hour. Call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) Call immediately for a critical care emergency. Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome Severe infections and septic shock Post-operative complications requiring intensive monitoring Life-threatening medical and surgical emergencies Respiratory failure requiring ventilator support Acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy in the ICU ### conditionsAccordion #### Multi-Organ Dysfunction Syndrome **What it is:** A condition in which two or more organ systems fail to function adequately at the same time, often as a result of severe illness such as sepsis, trauma, or major surgery, requiring intensive, coordinated support. **Symptoms:** Varies depending on which organs are affected — may include breathing difficulty, reduced urine output, confusion, abnormal bleeding, and low blood pressure, often in a patient who is already critically unwell. **Treatment:** Coordinated, evidence-based organ support — including ventilator support, renal replacement therapy, and cardiovascular support as needed — alongside treatment of the underlying cause. #### Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome **What it is:** A severe form of lung injury causing widespread inflammation and fluid accumulation in the lungs, leading to significant difficulty getting enough oxygen into the blood, often triggered by severe infection, trauma, or major illness. **Symptoms:** Severe breathlessness, rapid breathing, and low oxygen levels, often requiring urgent ventilator support to maintain adequate oxygenation. **Treatment:** Careful, protective ventilator strategies specifically designed to minimise further lung injury, treatment of the underlying cause, and close monitoring throughout recovery. #### Post-Surgical Critical Care **What it is:** Intensive monitoring and management for patients following major, complex, or high-risk surgery, aimed at early detection and treatment of any post-operative complications. **Symptoms:** Depends on the specific complication — may include bleeding, infection, breathing difficulty, or changes in heart rate and blood pressure following surgery. **Treatment:** Close, continuous monitoring in the immediate post-operative period, with rapid intervention for any complications, in close coordination with the surgical team. #### Severe Trauma — Critical Care Support **What it is:** Critical care management for patients with severe injuries from accidents or other trauma, often requiring support for multiple organ systems simultaneously while underlying injuries are treated. **Symptoms:** Depends on the nature and severity of injury — may include breathing difficulty, low blood pressure from blood loss, and reduced consciousness. **Treatment:** Close coordination with the emergency and trauma surgical teams, aggressive resuscitation and organ support, and continuous monitoring throughout the critical recovery period. #### Acute Kidney Injury in Critical Illness **What it is:** A sudden decline in kidney function occurring in the context of critical illness, which, in haemodynamically unstable patients, may require continuous renal replacement therapy rather than conventional dialysis. **Symptoms:** Reduced urine output, fluid overload, and abnormal blood chemistry, often occurring alongside other signs of critical illness. **Treatment:** Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for unstable patients, close fluid and electrolyte management, and treatment of the underlying cause, in coordination with our nephrology team. #### Severe Pneumonia & Respiratory Failure **What it is:** Severe lung infection or other causes of respiratory failure resulting in the lungs being unable to provide adequate oxygen to the body, often requiring intensive respiratory support. **Symptoms:** Severe breathlessness, rapid breathing, low oxygen levels, fever, and cough, with confusion or exhaustion in more severe cases. **Treatment:** Targeted antibiotic or antimicrobial therapy, oxygen and ventilator support as needed, and close monitoring of respiratory status throughout treatment. #### Cardiogenic Shock — Critical Heart Pump Failure **What it is:** A life-threatening condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, most commonly following a severe heart attack or other major cardiac event. **Symptoms:** Low blood pressure, cold and clammy skin, confusion, and reduced urine output, alongside signs of the underlying cardiac condition. **Treatment:** Intensive haemodynamic monitoring and support, medications to support heart function and blood pressure, and close coordination with our cardiology team for definitive cardiac treatment. #### Neuro-Critical Care **What it is:** Critical care management of neurological emergencies, including prolonged or repeated seizures (status epilepticus) and severe alterations in consciousness, requiring close monitoring and rapid treatment. **Symptoms:** Prolonged or repeated seizure activity, reduced or fluctuating consciousness, and, depending on the underlying cause, other neurological signs. **Treatment:** Rapid seizure control with appropriate medications, careful airway and breathing support, and thorough investigation to identify and treat the underlying cause. #### Poisoning & Drug Overdose — Critical Care Management **What it is:** Severe poisoning or drug overdose affecting multiple body systems, requiring intensive monitoring and support of breathing, circulation, and other vital functions while the toxic effects resolve. **Symptoms:** Varies depending on the substance involved — may include altered consciousness, abnormal heart rhythm, breathing difficulty, or seizures. **Treatment:** Intensive supportive care, specific antidotes where available, and close monitoring of vital organ function until the toxic effects have fully resolved. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How do patients get admitted to the intensive care unit at SRM Prime Hospital? Patients are typically admitted to the ICU either directly from the emergency department for a life-threatening condition, transferred from another ward if their condition worsens, or planned in advance for close monitoring after major or high-risk surgery. #### Who leads the critical care department at SRM Prime Hospital? Our critical care department is led by Dr. Prabhu M, HOD & Senior Consultant in Critical Care Medicine, who brings over 27 years of post-graduate experience, including nearly two decades of dedicated super-speciality critical care expertise. #### Can family members visit patients in the ICU? Yes, our team supports family visits within structured visiting arrangements designed to balance patient care needs with family connection. Our staff will explain the specific visiting arrangements and keep you updated on your loved one's condition. #### What conditions are managed in the intensive care unit? Our critical care team manages a wide range of complex conditions, including sepsis and septic shock, multi-organ dysfunction, severe respiratory failure, post-operative complications, severe trauma, and acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. #### Is continuous dialysis (CRRT) available for critically ill patients? Yes, our ICU is equipped to provide continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury who are too haemodynamically unstable for conventional dialysis, delivered in close coordination with our nephrology team. #### How will I be kept informed about my family member's condition in the ICU? Our critical care team is committed to clear, transparent communication. You will receive regular updates from the treating team, with an opportunity to ask questions and discuss the care plan directly with the doctors involved. #### What happens when a patient is ready to leave the ICU? As a patient's condition stabilises, our team carefully plans a safe transition out of intensive care, whether to a general ward for continued recovery or, in some cases, directly towards discharge, with a clear plan for ongoing care. #### Does the ICU manage patients recovering from complex surgery, such as transplants? Yes, our critical care team works closely with our surgical and transplant teams to provide specialised post-operative monitoring and support for patients recovering from major and complex procedures. #### Is critical care support available 24 hours a day? Yes, our intensive care unit provides round-the-clock monitoring and management by trained critical care staff, ensuring immediate response to any change in a patient's condition at any hour. ## Emergency Medicine URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/emergency-medicine Summary: 24/7 emergency medical services in Chennai with expert care at SRM Prime Hospital. Call now or visit immediately for urgent medical assistance. Immediate care for urgent health needs. About Our Emergency Medicine Department ### 24×7 Emergency & Trauma Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Emergency Medicine is dedicated to providing rapid, expert care for acute and life-threatening conditions, around the clock, every day of the year. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine internationally trained emergency expertise with modern resuscitation infrastructure to ensure that every patient who walks - or is brought - through our doors receives immediate, expert attention. Our emergency department is led by a dedicated emergency medicine specialist trained in the UK and India, supported by a team of emergency physicians, trauma-trained nursing staff, and paramedical personnel. Whether you are facing a road traffic accident, a heart attack, a stroke, a breathing emergency, a severe allergic reaction, or any other acute medical crisis, our team is equipped to stabilise, diagnose, and treat you without delay. With a fully equipped resuscitation bay, advanced airway and ventilator support, point-of-care diagnostics, and seamless coordination with every other clinical department in the hospital, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for emergency and trauma care in western Chennai - offering rapid response, decisive treatment, and continuity of care from the first minute. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital For Emergency Care Internationally Trained Leadership HOD & Senior Consultant holding MRCEM (UK), with 12+ years of emergency medicine experience. Full In-House Diagnostics Point-of-care testing, bedside ultrasound, ECG, and round-the-clock X-ray and CT access for faster decisions. 24/7 Emergency Line Medical emergency line: 044 3500 3500 - available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. 24×7 Emergency Readiness Fully staffed emergency department with resuscitation capability, every hour of every day. Structured, Protocol-Driven Care Standardised emergency protocols built on international best practice for consistent, high-quality treatment. Seamless Coordination Direct, fast-track pathways to cardiology, neurology, surgery, paediatrics, and critical care for definitive treatment. ### Meet Our Emergency Medicine Specialist Our emergency department is led by an experienced specialist trained to international standards, bringing structured, protocol-driven emergency care to every patient — from the moment they arrive through stabilisation, diagnosis, and safe transition to the next stage of treatment. ##### Dr. Arun Cheguevara S Consultant – Emergency Medicine 8+ years of experience 10:00 - 17:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-arun-cheguevara-s#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-arun-cheguevara-s) ### Specialised Emergency Medicine Services Specialised Emergency Medicine Services Key Procedures Explained Emergency Medicine Sub-Specialities #### Trauma Care & Resuscitation A dedicated trauma bay and trained resuscitation team ready to manage road traffic accidents, falls, and other injuries, following structured Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocols from the moment a patient arrives. Cardiac Emergency Care Stroke Emergency Pathway Critical Care Stabilisation & Airway Management Toxicology & Poisoning Emergencies Paediatric Emergency Care Emergency Care - 24×7, Every Day Trauma & Road Traffic Accident Injuries Injuries resulting from road traffic accidents, falls, or other physical trauma, ranging from minor injuries to severe, life-threatening multi-system trauma requiring immediate resuscitation. Visible injuries, bleeding, severe pain, deformity of limbs, breathing difficulty, or altered consciousness, depending on the severity and location of injury. Immediate Advanced Trauma Life Support assessment and stabilisation, rapid imaging to identify internal injuries, haemorrhage control, and swift coordination with surgical teams when needed. Heart Attack — Acute Coronary Syndrome Stroke — Sudden Interruption of Blood Flow to the Brain Acute Respiratory Distress — Severe Breathing Difficulty Emergency Diagnostic Services ### Advanced Emergency Diagnostics Rapid diagnosis is critical during medical emergencies. SRM Prime Hospital provides comprehensive emergency diagnostic services, coordinated by our emergency medicine team to ensure every critical condition is assessed quickly, accurately, and treated without delay. Point-of-Care Blood Testing Rapid bedside blood tests — including blood sugar, cardiac markers, and blood gas analysis — providing immediate results to guide urgent treatment decisions. Bedside ECG Immediate electrocardiogram to detect heart attacks and dangerous heart rhythm disturbances within minutes of a patient's arrival. Emergency Ultrasound (FAST Scan) Focused bedside ultrasound used in trauma and acute abdominal emergencies to rapidly identify internal bleeding or fluid collections. Round-the-Clock X-ray & CT Access 24×7 access to X-ray and CT imaging for rapid evaluation of fractures, head injuries, chest conditions, and suspected stroke. Emergency Laboratory Diagnostics Full laboratory support available around the clock for blood counts, infection markers, kidney and liver function, and toxicology screening. Continuous Vital Sign Monitoring Continuous monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and other vital signs for all patients in the resuscitation and observation areas. #### Pediatric and Geriatric Emergencies Emergency care is available for patients across all age groups. - Services include: - Acute illness management in elderly patients - Falls and medical emergencies in seniors - Initial pediatric stabilization This comprehensive care approach makes SRM Prime Hospital a dependable emergency hospital choice for families across Chennai. #### Surgical and Abdominal Emergencies The Emergency Medicine Department also manages urgent surgical conditions such as: - Acute abdominal pain - Gastrointestinal bleeding - Acute pancreatitis - Urological emergencies Patients receive rapid evaluation and coordinated treatment with surgical teams. #### Cardiac and Critical Emergencies Life-threatening cardiac emergencies require immediate intervention. Our emergency care services include: - Acute coronary syndrome management - Cardiac arrest treatment - Life-threatening arrhythmia care - Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) These services are supported by experienced top doctors and cardiology specialists. #### Trauma and Accident Care SRM Prime Hospital provides immediate trauma response for injuries and accidents. The Emergency Medicine Department is equipped to manage: - Road traffic accidents - Falls and workplace injuries - Head injuries - Polytrauma cases - Fracture stabilization The hospital’s trauma care capabilities strengthen its position as a reliable hospital in Chennai. #### Medical Emergencies The emergency medicine hospital provides treatment for various acute medical conditions, including: - Chest pain and heart attack - Stroke and neurological emergencies - Breathlessness and asthma attacks - Severe infections and sepsis - Diabetic emergencies Prompt diagnosis and treatment by experienced emergency medicine specialists helps stabilize patients quickly. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Is the emergency department at SRM Prime Hospital open 24 hours a day? Yes, our emergency department is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, including holidays. Call our medical emergency line - [044 3500 3500](tel:044 3500 3500) - or come directly to our emergency entrance for immediate assessment. #### Do I need an appointment to visit the emergency department? No appointment is needed for emergency care. Simply come directly to our emergency department, or call ahead if you are arriving by ambulance so our team can prepare for your arrival. #### How quickly will I be seen in the emergency department? All patients are triaged immediately on arrival based on the severity of their condition. Life-threatening emergencies are seen and treated immediately, while less urgent conditions are assessed in order of clinical priority. #### What should I do if I suspect someone is having a heart attack or stroke? Call our emergency line - 044 3500 3500 - or bring the person to our emergency department immediately. For stroke, note the time symptoms started, as this information is critical for treatment decisions. Do not wait to see if symptoms improve on their own. Call our emergency line - [044 3500 3500](tel:044 3500 3500) - or bring the person to our emergency department immediately. For stroke, note the time symptoms started, as this information is critical for treatment decisions. Do not wait to see if symptoms improve on their own. #### Who leads the emergency medicine department at SRM Prime Hospital? Our emergency department is led by Dr. Vignesh A Palaniappan, HOD & Senior Consultant in Emergency Medicine, who holds the Membership of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (MRCEM, UK) and brings over 12 years of trauma and acute care experience. #### Can the emergency department manage severe trauma from road traffic accidents? Yes, our team follows Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) protocols and is equipped with a dedicated resuscitation bay, rapid imaging access, and close coordination with our surgical teams for the management of severe trauma. #### Does the emergency department treat children as well as adults? Yes, our team is trained in Advanced Paediatric Life Support and manages paediatric emergencies with treatment protocols specifically adapted for infants and children, working closely with our paediatrics department. #### What happens after I am stabilised in the emergency department? Depending on your condition, you may be discharged with follow-up instructions, admitted to the hospital for further treatment, transferred to the intensive care unit, or taken for urgent surgery - our team coordinates this transition seamlessly with the relevant specialist department. #### Is ambulance or pre-hospital coordination available with SRM Prime Hospital? Yes, our emergency team can coordinate with ambulance services to prepare for a patient's arrival when notified in advance, helping ensure the resuscitation team and any necessary resources are ready the moment the patient reaches us. ## Anaesthesiology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/anaesthesiology Summary: Best anaesthesiology hospital in Chennai offering advanced ICU care, expert anaesthesiology specialists, & safe perioperative management at SRM Prime. Safe and effective pain management for surgical and critical care. About Our Anaesthesiology Department ### Safe, Advanced Anaesthesia & Perioperative Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Anaesthesiology is dedicated to ensuring every patient's safety, comfort, and stability before, during, and after surgery. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine internationally trained anaesthesia expertise with meticulous perioperative monitoring — supporting every surgical department in the hospital, from routine procedures to the most complex cardiac, transplant, and paediatric surgeries. Our anaesthesiology team brings together senior consultants with decades of combined experience across general, regional, cardiac, transplant, paediatric, and pain and palliative anaesthesia — including fellowship qualifications from the Royal College of Anaesthetists (UK) and the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Whether you are preparing for a routine day-care procedure, a major surgery, a liver or kidney transplant, or require expert pain management, our team is equipped to keep you safe and comfortable at every stage. With advanced airway and monitoring equipment, dedicated expertise in high-risk and transplant anaesthesia, and close, continuous coordination with every surgical and critical care team in the hospital, SRM Prime stands as a trusted partner for safe, expert anaesthesia care in western Chennai — before, during, and long after your time in the operating theatre. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Anaesthesia Care Internationally Trained Leadership Clinical Lead holding FRCA (UK) and FCARCSI (Ireland), with a team combining 60+ years of experience. Sub-Specialised Expertise Dedicated cardiac, transplant, paediatric, and pain/palliative anaesthesia expertise within one team. Comprehensive Perioperative Safety Thorough pre-anaesthetic evaluation and continuous, vigilant monitoring throughout every procedure. Honest, Reassuring Communication Clear explanation of your anaesthesia plan and what to expect, in English and Tamil. Support Across Every Surgical Speciality From routine day-care procedures to complex transplant and cardiac surgery. Dedicated Pain & Palliative Care Structured support for both post-operative and chronic pain, and compassionate palliative care. ### Our Anaesthesiology Specialists Consult experienced consultants for anaesthesiology care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Manoj Kumar T R Consultant – Anaesthesiology 7+ years of experience 09:00 - 18:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-t-r-manoj-kumar#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-t-r-manoj-kumar) ##### Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Anaesthesiology/Surgical & Transplant ICU 20+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-partheeban-karuppasamy#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-partheeban-karuppasamy) ##### Dr. Ravindra Kumar Senior Consultant – Anaesthesiology, Anaesthesiology/Surgical & Transplant ICU [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-ravindra-kumar#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-ravindra-kumar) ##### Dr. Thianesh Raj H 8+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-h-thianesh-raj#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-h-thianesh-raj) ### Anaesthesia Services Safe, advanced anaesthesia and perioperative care — personalised to each patient's needs, across every surgical speciality. Specialised Anaesthesia Services Perioperative Assessment Services #### Cardiac Anaesthesia Specialised anaesthesia support for open-heart surgery, aortic procedures, and hybrid cardiovascular interventions, led by a dedicated cardiac anaesthetist with close coordination with our cardiology and cardiac surgery teams. Transplant Anaesthesia Paediatric Anaesthesia Critical Care & ICU Management Pain & Palliative Care High-Risk Surgical Patients Patients with significant medical conditions — such as heart disease, diabetes, or advanced age — undergoing surgery require particularly careful anaesthesia planning to minimise risk and ensure safe outcomes. Underlying risk indicators include chest pain or breathlessness (cardiac disease), uncontrolled blood sugar or slow wound healing (diabetes), reduced exercise tolerance, multiple prior surgeries, or existing use of blood thinners or multiple medications. Thorough pre-anaesthetic evaluation, close multidisciplinary coordination with treating specialists, and meticulous intraoperative monitoring tailored to each patient's specific risk profile. Liver Transplant Anaesthesia Renal (Kidney) Transplant Anaesthesia Cardiac Surgery Anaesthesia ### Thorough Evaluation, Safer Anaesthesia — Perioperative Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Anaesthesiology conducts comprehensive perioperative assessments to plan the safest, most appropriate anaesthesia approach for every patient. Pre-Anaesthetic Clinical Evaluation Detailed medical history and physical examination to identify risk factors and plan the safest anaesthesia approach for each patient. Airway Assessment Structured evaluation of airway anatomy to anticipate and plan for any difficulty in securing the airway during anaesthesia. Cardiac Risk Assessment Evaluation of cardiovascular fitness for surgery, particularly important for patients with existing heart conditions or those undergoing major or cardiac surgery. Coagulation & Laboratory Profile Blood tests to assess clotting function and overall fitness for surgery, particularly important before major surgery, transplant procedures, and regional anaesthesia techniques. ASA Physical Status Grading A standardised international grading system used to classify a patient's overall health status before surgery, helping guide anaesthesia planning and risk discussion. Post-Operative Pain Assessment Ongoing evaluation of pain levels after surgery to guide effective, individualised post-operative pain management. ### Our anaesthesiology team provides rapid, decisive anaesthesia support for urgent and emergency surgical cases. Call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) Call to speak with our anaesthesia team Anaesthesia for patients with significant injuries or acute surgical conditions Rapid pre-operative assessment focused on the most critical safety factors Advanced airway management capability Close coordination with the emergency and trauma surgical teams Decisive action under urgent or emergency circumstances #### Perioperative & Emergency Support Emergency airway management - Rapid response & resuscitation - Blood transfusion & fluid management With round-the-clock availability, SRM Prime Hospital continues to be recognised as the best anaesthesiology hospital in Chennai for comprehensive perioperative care. #### Surgical Intensive Care (SICU) Post-operative critical care - Multi-organ support - Ventilator management - Sepsis & shock management - Trauma & emergency surgical care The advanced ICU services at our anaesthesiology hospital reinforce our standing among the best anaesthesiology hospitals in Chennai. #### Pain Management Services Acute post-operative pain control - Chronic pain management (select cases) - Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks Our pain management programs are delivered by experienced anaesthesiology specialists within our advanced anaesthesiology department. #### Anaesthesia Services General anaesthesia - Regional anaesthesia (spinal, epidural, nerve blocks) - Local & monitored anaesthesia care - Anaesthesia for high-risk & elderly patients Every anaesthesiology specialist at our anaesthesiology hospital is trained to deliver safe induction, maintenance, and recovery practices consistent with the best anaesthesiology hospital in Chennai. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Will I meet my anaesthetist before my surgery? Yes, every patient undergoes a pre-anaesthetic evaluation before their procedure, during which the anaesthesia team reviews your medical history, discusses the anaesthesia plan, and answers any questions or concerns you may have. #### How do I know which type of anaesthesia I will need? The type of anaesthesia — general, regional, or a combination — depends on the nature of your surgery, your overall health, and your personal preferences where medically appropriate. Your anaesthetist will discuss the most suitable option with you during your pre-anaesthetic evaluation. #### Is it safe to have anaesthesia if I have a heart condition or other chronic illness? Our team includes senior anaesthesiologists experienced in managing high-risk and critically ill patients. A thorough pre-anaesthetic assessment allows us to plan carefully around any existing health conditions to keep you as safe as possible. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have anaesthesiologists experienced in transplant surgery? Yes, our team includes consultants with extensive, dedicated experience in liver and renal transplant anaesthesia, including complex hepatobiliary surgery, ensuring specialised perioperative care for transplant patients. #### Is there a dedicated anaesthetist for children undergoing surgery? Yes, several of our consultants have specific experience in paediatric anaesthesia, ensuring that children receive anaesthesia care carefully tailored to their age, size, and individual needs. #### What happens after my surgery is complete? You will be closely monitored in a dedicated recovery area as the effects of anaesthesia wear off, with pain relief and any necessary supportive care provided until you are stable and ready to return to the ward. #### Can the anaesthesiology team help with chronic pain that is not related to surgery? Yes, our team includes consultants with dedicated expertise in pain management and palliative care, offering structured evaluation and treatment for chronic pain conditions independent of any surgical procedure. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital offer regional anaesthesia or nerve blocks instead of general anaesthesia? Yes, regional anaesthesia techniques, including spinal, epidural, and peripheral nerve blocks, are available and are often used both as a primary anaesthesia technique and for effective post-operative pain relief, where clinically appropriate. #### Can I request a specific anaesthesiologist for my procedure? You are welcome to discuss your preferences with our team, and we will do our best to accommodate them. In all cases, the anaesthesiologist assigned to your care will have the appropriate experience for your specific procedure. Call 044 3545 3545 to discuss your care team. ## ENT URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/ent Summary: Expert ENT care in Chennai for ear, nose, and throat conditions at SRM Prime Hospital. Expert care for ear, nose, and throat conditions. About Our ENT Department ### Comprehensive Ear, Nose, Throat & Head-Neck Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of ENT (Otorhinolaryngology) is dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of conditions affecting the ear, nose, throat, voice, sleep. airway, and head and neck region — from common everyday concerns to complex neuro-otological and skull base conditions. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine deep sub-specialised expertise with modern endoscopic and microsurgical technology to deliver precise, effective ENT care. Our ENT team brings together consultants with a combined six decades of clinical and surgical experience, including advanced fellowship training in neuro-otology and skull base surgery, extensive expertise in endoscopic sinus and airway surgery, and deep experience across routine and complex ear, nose, and throat conditions in patients of all ages. Whether you are visiting us for hearing loss, chronic sinus trouble, a voice concern, vertigo, or a more complex head and neck condition, our team is equipped to examine, diagnose, and treat you with precision and care. With advanced endoscopic and microsurgical capability, comprehensive audiological and vestibular testing, and expertise extending from paediatric ENT to complex skull base surgery, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for ear, nose, and throat care in western Chennai — offering accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and better hearing, breathing, balance, swallowing, sleep, smell and voice for every patient. ### Why Choose Srm Prime Hospital For Ent Care Experienced, Complementary Team Three ENT consultants with a combined six decades of experience, including fellowship-trained skull base surgery expertise. Advanced Endoscopic Surgery Minimally invasive sinus, ear, and airway surgery for faster recovery and precise outcomes. Full In-House Diagnostics Audiometry, nasal endoscopy, laryngoscopy, and balance testing — all available within the hospital for faster results. We only recommend what is clinically necessary. Consultations in English ,Tamil & Hindi 24/7 Emergency ENT Care ENT emergency line: 044 3500 3500 — available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Complex Case Expertise Dedicated skull base and neuro-otology expertise alongside comprehensive general ENT care. ### Our ENT Specialists Consult experienced consultants for ent care at SRM Prime Hospital. ##### Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan Consultant – ENT, Neurotology & Skull Base Surgery 13+ years of experience [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-arulalan-mathialagan#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-arulalan-mathialagan) ##### Dr. Balamurugan K Senior Consultant – ENT 27+ years of experience 10:00 - 13:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-balamurugan-k#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-balamurugan-k) ##### Dr. Somu Lakshmanan 20+ years of experience 17:00 - 19:00 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-somu-lakshmanan#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-somu-lakshmanan) ### Specialised ENT Services at SRM Prime Hospital Ear, Hearing & Balance Services Nose & Sinus Services Throat, Voice & Airway Services Head, Neck & Skull Base Services Paediatric & Emergency ENT #### Cochlear Implantation A surgically implanted BIONIC device that provides a sense of sound to individuals with severe to profound hearing loss who do not benefit adequately from conventional hearing aids. Ear & Hearing Care Neuro-Otology & Balance Disorders Audiometry Services & Diagnostic Audiology Vestibular Evaluation Tympanometry #### Ear, Hearing & Balance Services ##### Ear & Hearing Care Comprehensive evaluation and treatment of ear conditions and hearing loss, including cochlear implantation for patients with severe to profound hearing loss who may benefit from implant-based hearing restoration. ##### Neuro-Otology & Balance Disorders Specialised diagnosis and treatment of vertigo, dizziness, and balance disorders, along with complex inner ear and neuro-otological conditions, led by fellowship-trained neuro-otology expertise. ##### Audiometry Services & Diagnostic Audiology Detailed hearing tests to measure the type and degree of hearing loss, guiding decisions on hearing aids, cochlear implants, or other treatment. ##### Vestibular Evaluation Specialised testing of the inner ear's balance function, important for diagnosing the cause of vertigo and dizziness. ##### Tympanometry A quick test assessing middle ear function and eardrum mobility, helpful in diagnosing middle ear fluid, infection, or eustachian tube dysfunction. #### Nose & Sinus Services ##### Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) A minimally invasive surgical technique that uses a thin, (4mm) endoscope inserted through the nostrils to visualise and treat the sinuses, without any external incisions. ##### Nasal & Sinus Surgery Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) and other minimally invasive techniques for chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, and deviated septum, Nasal mass & tumors aimed at restoring easier, clearer breathing. ##### Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy Detailed visual examination of the nasal passages and sinuses using a thin, lighted endoscope, essential for diagnosing sinus and nasal conditions. #### Throat, Voice & Airway Services ##### Microlaryngeal & Voice Surgery A precise surgical technique using a microscope and specialised instruments to treat conditions affecting the vocal cords, such as nodules, polyps, or other growths affecting voice quality. ##### Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy Surgical removal of the tonsils and/or adenoids, commonly performed in children and, less frequently, adults, for recurrent infections or breathing obstruction. ##### Voice & Airway Surgery Diagnosis and surgical treatment of voice disorders and airway conditions, including microlaryngeal surgery for vocal cord conditions affecting voice quality. ##### Flexible & Rigid Laryngoscopy Direct visualisation of the throat, vocal cords, and airway, used to evaluate voice changes, swallowing difficulty, and airway concerns. #### Head, Neck & Skull Base Services ##### Skull Base Surgery Advanced surgical management of tumours and complex conditions at the base of the skull, requiring specialised training and a precise, multidisciplinary surgical approach. ##### Head & Neck Surgery Surgical management of tumours, masses, and other conditions affecting the head and neck region, delivered with a precise, multidisciplinary approach. ##### Imaging for Sinus & Skull Base Evaluation Coordination with CT and MRI imaging for detailed evaluation of complex sinus, skull base, and head and neck conditions. #### Paediatric & Emergency ENT ##### Paediatric ENT Specialist care for common and complex ear, nose, and throat conditions in children, delivered with a gentle, child-friendly approach. Chronic Sinusitis — Persistent Sinus Inflammation Persistent inflammation of the sinuses lasting 12 weeks or longer, often associated with nasal polyps, allergies, or structural issues, causing ongoing nasal and facial symptoms. Nasal congestion, facial pain or pressure, reduced sense of smell, thick nasal discharge, and, in some cases, headache and fatigue. Orbital pain, Visual complaints Medical management with nasal sprays and other medications as a first step, with endoscopic sinus surgery considered for patients who do not respond adequately to medical treatment. Hearing Loss Vertigo & Balance Disorders Tonsillitis & Adenoiditis Technology & Clinical Advancements ### Advanced Endoscopic & Microsurgical ENT Diagnostics at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram Audiometry, nasal endoscopy, laryngoscopy, and balance testing — all available within the hospital for faster results, supported by advanced endoscopic and microsurgical capability across routine and complex ENT conditions. Dedicated Endoscopic ENT Surgical Suite For sinus, ear, and airway surgery Audiometry & Tympanometry Equipment For comprehensive hearing assessment Video Nasal Endoscopy & Laryngoscopy For detailed nasal, throat, and airway examination Vestibular & Balance Function Testing For accurate diagnosis of vertigo and dizziness Operating Microscope For precise microlaryngeal and ear surgery and Lateral Skull Base Surgery. Coordination with Advanced Imaging For complex sinus, skull base, and head and neck evaluation ### Our team is available for urgent evaluation of ENT emergencies, including airway obstruction, significant nosebleeds, and foreign body removal. Call 044 3500 3500 immediately for any ENT emergency. Call immediately for any ENT emergency. 24×7 Emergency ENT Support Severe or uncontrolled nosebleeds Facial or neck trauma involving ENT structures Airway obstruction and breathing emergencies Ear, nose, or throat foreign body removal Sudden hearing loss requiring urgent evaluation ### Conditions Commonly Treated at This ENT Hospital in Chennai #### Hearing Loss **What it is:** A reduction in the ability to hear, which can range from mild to profound and may affect one or both ears, with causes ranging from age-related changes to infections, injury, or genetic factors. **Symptoms:** Difficulty understanding speech, especially in noisy environments, needing higher volume on devices, and, in children, delayed speech or language development. **Treatment:** Comprehensive audiometric evaluation to determine the type and severity of hearing loss, followed by hearing aids, medical or surgical treatment, or cochlear implantation depending on the specific diagnosis. #### Vertigo & Balance Disorders **What it is:** A sensation of spinning or imbalance, often originating from the inner ear's balance system, though it can also arise from other causes requiring careful evaluation to distinguish. **Symptoms:** Spinning sensation, unsteadiness, nausea, and, in some cases, hearing changes or ringing in the ears (tinnitus) accompanying the balance disturbance. **Treatment:** Detailed clinical and vestibular function testing to identify the underlying cause, followed by targeted treatment which may include medication, vestibular rehabilitation exercises, or specific procedures depending on the diagnosis. #### Tonsillitis & Adenoiditis **What it is:** Inflammation or infection of the tonsils and/or adenoids, common in children but also affecting adults, which can become recurrent or cause breathing obstruction in some patients. **Symptoms:** Sore throat, difficulty in swallowing, fever, enlarged tonsils, and, when adenoids are affected, nasal obstruction, snoring, or mouth breathing. **Treatment:** Antibiotic therapy for bacterial infections, and tonsillectomy or adenoidectomy for patients with recurrent infections or significant breathing obstruction. #### Nasal Polyps & Deviated Septum **What it is:** Nasal polyps are soft, non-cancerous growths in the nasal passages or sinuses, while a deviated septum is a displacement of the wall between the nostrils — both can significantly obstruct nasal breathing. **Symptoms:** Nasal blockage, reduced sense of smell, facial pressure, and, in more significant cases, breathing difficulty and snoring. **Treatment:** Medical management for mild nasal polyps, with endoscopic sinus surgery or septoplasty considered for patients with significant obstruction or symptoms unresponsive to medical treatment. #### Voice Disorders & Hoarseness **What it is:** Changes in voice quality, ranging from temporary hoarseness due to a cold to persistent voice changes caused by vocal cord lesions or other structural conditions. **Symptoms:** Hoarseness, reduced vocal range, vocal fatigue, or complete voice loss, particularly concerning if persisting beyond two to three weeks. **Treatment:** Detailed laryngoscopic examination to identify the cause, followed by voice therapy, medical treatment, or microlaryngeal surgery depending on the specific diagnosis. #### Ear Infections — Otitis Media **What it is:** Infection or inflammation of the middle ear, particularly common in children, which can be acute (sudden onset) or chronic (persistent or recurrent). **Symptoms:** Ear pain, fever, hearing difficulty, and, in some cases, ear discharge if the eardrum is affected. **Treatment:** Appropriate antibiotic therapy for acute infections, and further evaluation and management, including possible surgical intervention, for chronic or recurrent cases. #### Head & Neck Tumours **What it is:** Benign or cancerous growths affecting the structures of the head and neck, including the throat, oral artery salivary glands, and neck lymph nodes, requiring careful evaluation and, often, multidisciplinary treatment. **Symptoms:** A persistent lump or swelling in the neck, difficulty swallowing, persistent hoarseness, or unexplained pain in the head and neck region. **Treatment:** Thorough clinical evaluation and imaging-based assessment, followed by surgical management tailored to the specific diagnosis, often in coordination with other specialist teams. #### Skull Base Tumours **What it is:** Tumours arising at or near the base of the skull, which may affect hearing, balance, or other neurological functions depending on their location and size, requiring specialised surgical expertise. **Symptoms:** The signs of a skull base tumour vary depending on the specific structures affected. Headache, CSF leak, loss of smell, proptosis (eye swelling), and recurrent meningitis are some of the common symptoms. **Treatment:** Detailed imaging and clinical evaluation, followed by specialised skull base surgery performed with a precise, multidisciplinary approach to achieve the best possible outcome. #### Sleep Apnoea & Snoring — Airway Disorders **What it is:** Conditions in which the upper airway becomes partially or completely obstructed during sleep, ranging from simple snoring to obstructive sleep apnoea, which can affect sleep quality and overall health. **Symptoms:** Loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep (often noticed by a partner), daytime fatigue, and difficulty concentrating. **Treatment:** Detailed evaluation of the upper airway to identify contributing factors, with treatment options ranging from lifestyle measures to surgical correction of specific anatomical causes depending on the individual assessment. #### Emergency ENT Care Certain ENT conditions require immediate attention. The hospital provides emergency services for: - Airway management - Severe nosebleeds (epistaxis) - Removal of foreign bodies from the ear, nose, or throat #### Pediatric ENT Services Children commonly experience ENT-related issues that require specialized evaluation. Pediatric ENT care includes: - Treatment for recurrent ear infections - Tonsil and adenoid problems in children - Pediatric hearing assessments Parents can consult an experienced ENT doctor to ensure early diagnosis and effective treatment. #### Head and Neck Surgical Care The ENT department also manages certain head and neck conditions requiring surgical evaluation and treatment. - Conditions treated include: - Thyroid gland disorders - Salivary gland diseases - Neck swellings and lymph node enlargement - Evaluation and surgical treatment of head and neck tumors These services strengthen the hospital’s position as a comprehensive ENT hospital in Chennai for advanced head–neck care. #### Throat and Voice Disorder Treatment The ENT hospital in Chennai also manages conditions affecting the throat and vocal cords. - Common services include: - Treatment for tonsillitis and adenoid problems - Evaluation of voice disorders and hoarseness - Assessment of swallowing difficulties - Laryngeal examinations Patients experiencing persistent throat discomfort or voice changes can consult doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. #### Nose and Sinus Disorder Management Sinus and nasal conditions are frequently treated at this ENT hospital. The department provides both medical and surgical solutions for nasal disorders. - Treatment options include: - Management of acute and chronic sinusitis - Treatment of deviated nasal septum (DNS) - Evaluation and treatment of nasal polyps - Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) Using advanced endoscopic techniques, best ENT doctors can treat sinus conditions with improved accuracy and faster recovery. #### Ear Disorders and Hearing Care The ENT department offers specialized treatment for various ear conditions affecting hearing and balance. - Services include: - Hearing loss assessment and management - Treatment of ear infections such as otitis media and externa - Evaluation of tinnitus and vertigo - Ear microsurgery in selected cases Patients experiencing hearing difficulties can consult an experienced ENT doctor in Chennai for detailed evaluation. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see an ENT specialist at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with any of our ENT consultants — Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan, Dr. Balamurugan K, or Dr. Somu Lakshmanan — by calling 044 3545 3545 or booking online at www.srmhospitals.com. #### Which ENT consultant should I see for vertigo or balance problems? Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan has advanced fellowship training in neuro-otology and is well suited for evaluating complex balance and vertigo disorders. Our team can help direct you to the most appropriate consultant based on your specific symptoms. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital offer cochlear implantation? Yes, our ENT team, including Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan and Dr. Somu Lakshmanan, has expertise in cochlear implant evaluation and implantation for patients with severe to profound hearing loss. #### Is endoscopic sinus surgery painful, and how long is the recovery? Endoscopic sinus surgery is performed under general anaesthesia, so you will not feel pain during the procedure. Most patients experience mild discomfort during initial recovery, managed with medication, with full recovery typically taking one to two weeks. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital treat children with ear, nose, and throat conditions? Yes, our ENT consultants have experience managing paediatric ENT conditions, including recurrent ear infections, tonsil and adenoid problems, and hearing concerns in children, delivered with a gentle, child-friendly approach. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have a 24/7 ENT emergency service? Yes. Our emergency line — 044 3500 3500 — is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for ENT emergencies including airway obstruction, severe nosebleeds, and foreign body removal. #### What is skull base surgery, and is it available at SRM Prime Hospital? Skull base surgery is a highly specialised surgical field for tumours and complex conditions at the base of the skull. Our department includes consultants with dedicated skull base surgery expertise, including fellowship training in neuro-otology. #### How is persistent hoarseness or voice change evaluated? Persistent hoarseness lasting more than two to three weeks warrants evaluation with laryngoscopy to directly visualise the vocal cords and identify the underlying cause, guiding appropriate treatment including voice therapy or, where needed, microlaryngeal surgery. #### Can I get a second opinion on my ENT diagnosis or treatment plan at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on an ENT diagnosis or proposed treatment plan. Our consultants will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person — call 044 3545 3545 to schedule. ## Ophthalmology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/ophthalmology Summary: Advanced eye care with expert ophthalmologists, cataract, glaucoma & retina services at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai. Expert eye care for vision and ocular health. About Our Ophthalmology Department ### Comprehensive Eye Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Ophthalmology is dedicated to preserving and restoring vision for patients across Chennai and Tamil Nadu. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine advanced ophthalmic technology with a patient-first philosophy focused on accessibility, affordability, and precision eye care for every age group. Our ophthalmology unit is led by an experienced consultant ophthalmologist, supported by a dedicated team of optometrists and ophthalmic nursing staff. Whether you are visiting us for a routine eye check-up, cataract evaluation, management of a chronic eye condition, or urgent care for an eye injury or sudden vision change, our team is equipped to examine, diagnose, and treat you with precision and compassion. With a dedicated modular eye operation theatre, phacoemulsification cataract surgery system, optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus imaging, and a full range of diagnostic equipment, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for eye care in western Chennai — offering accurate diagnosis, timely treatment, and excellent visual outcomes. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Ophthalmology Care Experienced Specialist Consultant ophthalmologist with 12+ years of clinical experience, available all days of the week. Full In-House Diagnostics OCT, fundus imaging, visual field testing, biometry, and topography — all available within the hospital for faster results. 24/7 Eye Emergency Care Eye emergency line: 044 3500 3500 — available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Modern Cataract & Laser Surgery Dedicated modular eye theatre with phacoemulsification and premium IOL options. We only recommend what is clinically necessary. Consultations in English, Tamil, and Hindi. Preventive Focus Dedicated screening for diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and paediatric vision, with structured follow-up programmes. ### Meet Our Ophthalmology Specialist Our ophthalmology department is led by an experienced consultant ophthalmologist trained across the full scope of clinical and surgical eye care - meaning patients receive expert guidance from consultation through to surgery and recovery, all within the same trusted care pathway. ##### Dr. Laavanyaa S Consultant – Ophthalmology 12+ years of experience 10:00 - 12:00 Mon–Sun [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-s-laavanyaa#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-s-laavanyaa) ### Ophthalmology Sub-Specialities Complete medical and surgical eye care — personalised to each patient's needs. Specialised Ophthalmology Services Key Procedures Explained Ophthalmology Sub-Specialities #### Cataract & Refractive Surgery Our dedicated modular eye operation theatre supports safe, precise phacoemulsification cataract surgery with a choice of premium intraocular lenses tailored to each patient's visual needs and lifestyle. Retina & Vitreous Services Glaucoma Services Cornea & External Eye Disease Paediatric Ophthalmology & Squint Emergency Eye Care - 24/7 #### Specialised Ophthalmology Services ##### Retina & Vitreous Services Comprehensive evaluation and treatment of retinal disease using OCT, fundus imaging, and intravitreal injection therapy, with timely referral pathways for advanced vitreoretinal surgery when required. ##### Glaucoma Services Early detection through visual field perimetry and OCT optic nerve analysis, with medical, laser, and surgical management options to preserve vision and prevent progression. ##### Cornea & External Eye Disease Diagnosis and treatment of corneal infections, injuries, dry eye disease, and pterygium, supported by corneal topography and specular microscopy. ##### Paediatric Ophthalmology & Squint Vision screening, refraction, and management of squint and amblyopia (lazy eye) in children, with a child-friendly examination approach. ##### Emergency Eye Care - 24/7 Our eye care team is available for urgent evaluation of eye injuries, sudden vision loss, red eye, and foreign body removal. Call 044 3500 3500 immediately for any eye emergency. #### Key Procedures Explained ##### Phacoemulsification with IOL Implantation A minimally invasive surgical technique that uses ultrasound energy to break up and remove a clouded natural lens (cataract), which is then replaced with a clear artificial intraocular lens (IOL) to restore vision. ##### Intravitreal Injection Therapy A precise injection of medication (anti-VEGF or steroid agents) directly into the vitreous cavity of the eye to treat retinal conditions causing swelling or abnormal blood vessel growth. ##### YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy A quick, painless laser procedure to clear clouding of the thin membrane (posterior capsule) behind an intraocular lens that can develop months to years after cataract surgery, a condition known as posterior capsule opacification. ##### Laser Iridotomy & Glaucoma Surgery A range of laser and surgical options to lower elevated eye pressure and protect the optic nerve from progressive glaucoma damage, chosen based on the type and severity of glaucoma. #### Ophthalmology Sub-Specialities ##### Cataract & Refractive Surgery Comprehensive cataract evaluation and phacoemulsification surgery with a full range of intraocular lens options, tailored to each patient's visual goals and lifestyle. ##### Retina & Vitreous Services Diagnosis and management of diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinal vascular disease, and intravitreal injection therapy, with coordinated referral for advanced vitreoretinal surgery. ##### Oculoplasty & Minor Eye Surgery Management of eyelid conditions, lesions, and minor reconstructive procedures affecting the eye and surrounding structures. Cataract — Clouding of the Eye's Natural Lens A gradual clouding of the eye's natural lens, most commonly related to ageing, causing progressively blurred, dim, or hazy vision. Other causes include diabetes, prolonged steroid use, and eye injury. Blurred or cloudy vision, glare or halos around lights (especially at night), fading or yellowing of colours, frequent changes in glasses prescription, and difficulty with night driving. Early cataracts may only require updated glasses. Once the cataract significantly affects daily life, phacoemulsification surgery with intraocular lens implantation offers excellent, long-lasting visual results. Refractive Errors — Focusing Problems of the Eye Glaucoma — Silent Damage to the Optic Nerve Diabetic Retinopathy — Retinal Damage from Diabetes Diagnostic Services ### Advanced Ophthalmology Diagnostics Precise diagnosis is central to protecting vision. SRM Prime Hospital provides a comprehensive ophthalmic diagnostic platform, coordinated by our clinical team to ensure every eye condition is accurately assessed and monitored over time. Comprehensive Eye Examination Detailed assessment of vision, eye movements, and overall eye health — the foundation of every ophthalmology consultation, including refraction for glasses or contact lens prescription. Slit Lamp Examination Magnified examination of the front and internal structures of the eye — cornea, lens, iris, and anterior chamber — essential for diagnosing cataract, corneal disease, and inflammation. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) High-resolution cross-sectional imaging of the retina and optic nerve, enabling early detection of macular disease, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma-related nerve damage. Fundus Photography & FFA Detailed photographic and dye-based imaging of the retina and its blood vessels — used to diagnose and monitor diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, and other retinal vascular conditions. Visual Field Perimetry Automated testing that maps the full extent of a patient's peripheral vision — a key tool for diagnosing and monitoring glaucoma progression. Tonometry (Eye Pressure Check) Quick, painless measurement of intraocular pressure — an essential screening test for glaucoma risk, performed at every comprehensive eye examination. A-Scan / B-Scan Biometry & Ultrasound Precise measurement of eye length and lens power calculation for cataract surgery planning, and ultrasound imaging of the eye when the view of the retina is obscured. Corneal Topography & Specular Microscopy Detailed mapping of corneal shape and cell health — important for contact lens fitting, refractive surgery planning, and diagnosing corneal disease. ### 24/7 Care for Eye Emergencies Call immediately for any Eye emergency. 24×7 Eye Emergency Support Eye injury and foreign body management Chemical injury first response and irrigation Rapid evaluation of sudden vision loss or red eye Emergency management of acute angle-closure glaucoma Coordination with retina specialists for urgent retinal detachment ### conditionsAccordion #### Refractive Errors — Focusing Problems of the Eye **What it is:** A common condition where the shape of the eye prevents light from focusing directly on the retina, resulting in blurred vision at certain distances. Includes short-sightedness (myopia), long-sightedness (hypermetropia), and astigmatism. **Symptoms:** Blurred distance or near vision, eye strain, headaches, and squinting to see clearly. Often first noticed during childhood or early adulthood. **Treatment:** Comprehensive refraction to determine an accurate glasses or contact lens prescription. Regular monitoring in children to track progression, and counselling on refractive surgery options for suitable adult candidates. #### Glaucoma — Silent Damage to the Optic Nerve **What it is:** A group of conditions in which raised eye pressure gradually damages the optic nerve, leading to irreversible peripheral vision loss if undetected and untreated. Often called the 'silent thief of sight' as early stages are typically symptom-free. **Symptoms:** Usually none in early stages. Advanced disease may cause peripheral vision loss, tunnel vision, and - in acute angle-closure attacks - severe eye pain, redness, nausea, and sudden blurred vision. **Treatment:** Regular eye pressure checks, OCT optic nerve imaging, and visual field testing for early detection. Treatment includes pressure-lowering eye drops, laser therapy, and surgery for advanced or uncontrolled cases. #### Diabetic Retinopathy — Retinal Damage from Diabetes **What it is:** A leading cause of vision loss in diabetics, in which prolonged high blood sugar damages the small blood vessels of the retina, causing leakage, swelling, or abnormal new vessel growth. **Symptoms:** Often asymptomatic in early stages. As it progresses: blurred or fluctuating vision, dark spots or floaters, and - in advanced disease - sudden vision loss from bleeding or retinal detachment. **Treatment:** Annual dilated eye screening for all diabetics, strict blood sugar and blood pressure control, intravitreal injection therapy for macular oedema, and laser treatment or referral for advanced proliferative disease. #### Age—Related Macular Degeneration **What it is:** A progressive condition affecting the macula - the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision - most common in individuals over 50. Occurs in 'dry' (gradual) and 'wet' (rapidly progressive) forms. **Symptoms:** Blurred or distorted central vision, difficulty recognising faces or reading, and a dark or empty area in the centre of vision. Peripheral vision is typically preserved. **Treatment:** OCT and fundus imaging for diagnosis and monitoring. Dry AMD is managed with lifestyle modification and nutritional supplementation; wet AMD is treated with regular intravitreal anti-VEGF injections to preserve vision. #### Dry Eye Disease -Inadequate Tear Film Quality or Quantity **What it is:** A common condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears, or produce poor-quality tears, leading to irritation and inflammation of the ocular surface. Increasingly common with screen use, ageing, and certain medications. **Symptoms:** Burning, gritty, or foreign-body sensation, redness, excessive watering (as a reflex response), light sensitivity, and fluctuating vision that improves with blinking. **Treatment:** Slit lamp assessment of tear film quality, lubricating eye drops, lifestyle and screen-time modification, warm compresses, and targeted therapy for underlying eyelid or inflammatory causes. #### Corneal Ulcer & Keratitis - Infection or Inflammation of the Cornea **What it is:** An open sore or area of inflammation on the clear front surface of the eye (cornea), commonly caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection, often related to contact lens wear, injury, or foreign bodies. **Symptoms:** Severe eye pain, redness, light sensitivity, watering, blurred vision, and a visible white or grey spot on the cornea. Requires urgent evaluation to prevent scarring or vision loss. **Treatment:** Urgent slit lamp examination and, where needed, corneal scraping to identify the causative organism. Intensive antimicrobial eye drop therapy, with close monitoring of healing and scar formation. #### Retinal Detachment - Sight-Threatening Emergency **What it is:** A serious condition in which the retina separates from its underlying supportive tissue, cutting off its blood supply and threatening permanent vision loss if not treated urgently. **Symptoms:** Sudden onset of floaters, flashes of light, and a curtain-like shadow spreading across the field of vision. Requires immediate medical attention. **Treatment:** Urgent dilated fundus examination for diagnosis, with prompt referral for surgical repair (vitreoretinal surgery or scleral buckling) at a specialised retina centre, coordinated closely by our team. #### Squint & Amblyopia - Childhood Vision Development Disorders **What it is:** Squint (strabismus) is a misalignment of the eyes, while amblyopia ('lazy eye') is reduced vision in one eye due to abnormal visual development in early childhood. Early detection is essential, as treatment is most effective before age 7–8. **Symptoms:** Visible eye misalignment, closing or covering one eye, head tilting, poor depth perception, and reduced vision in one eye that may go unnoticed without screening. **Treatment:** Comprehensive paediatric eye examination and refraction, corrective glasses, patching therapy for amblyopia, and referral for surgical correction of squint when indicated. #### Conjunctivitis & Allergic Eye Disease - Common Causes of Red Eye **What it is:** Inflammation of the conjunctiva (the membrane covering the white of the eye and inner eyelids), caused by viral or bacterial infection, or allergic reaction to environmental triggers such as pollen or dust. **Symptoms:** Redness, itching, watering, discharge (watery in viral/allergic, thicker in bacterial), and a gritty sensation. Viral and bacterial forms are highly contagious. **Treatment:** Slit lamp examination to determine the cause, appropriate antibiotic, antiviral supportive, or antihistamine/anti-allergic eye drops, and guidance on hygiene measures to prevent spread. #### Emergency Eye Care Eye injuries & trauma - Sudden vision loss - Eye pain & redness #### Pediatric & Preventive Ophthalmology Pediatric eye screening - Squint & refractive error assessment - Preventive eye care programs #### Retina & Diabetic Eye Care Diabetic retinopathy screening - Age-related macular degeneration - Retinal disorder evaluation #### Glaucoma Care Glaucoma screening - Eye pressure monitoring - Medical management of glaucoma #### Cataract Services Cataract evaluation - Medical & surgical management - Post-cataract vision care #### Comprehensive Eye Care Routine eye check-ups - Vision testing & refraction - Red eye & eye infection management ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see an ophthalmologist at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our consultant ophthalmologist - Dr. Laavanyaa S — by calling [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) or booking online at [www.srmhospitals.com](https://srmhospitals.com/). #### Does SRM Prime Hospital perform cataract surgery? Yes, we perform phacoemulsification cataract surgery with a full range of intraocular lens options — including standard, toric, and multifocal lenses - in our dedicated modular eye operation theatre. #### Is cataract surgery painful? Will I need general anaesthesia? Cataract surgery is generally painless and performed under local (topical or drop) anaesthesia — you remain awake but comfortable throughout. Most patients experience only mild pressure sensation and go home the same day. #### How often should I get my eyes checked if I have diabetes? Diabetic patients should have a dilated eye examination at least once a year, or more frequently if diabetic retinopathy is already present, since early stages often have no symptoms but can be detected on screening. #### What eye scans are available at SRM Prime Hospital? We offer optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography and angiography (FFA), visual field perimetry, corneal topography, specular microscopy, and A-scan/B-scan biometry and ultrasonography - all under one roof. #### At what age should children first have an eye check-up? It is advisable for children to have their first comprehensive eye examination by age 3–4, or earlier if a squint, unusual eye movement, or family history of childhood eye conditions is noticed. Early detection of squint and amblyopia significantly improves treatment outcomes. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital have a 24/7 eye emergency service? Yes. Our eye emergency line - 044 3500 3500 - is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, for eye injuries, sudden vision loss, chemical exposure, and acute red eye. Call immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital perform vitreoretinal or corneal transplant surgery? SRM Prime Hospital provides comprehensive diagnosis, medical management, and intravitreal injection therapy for retinal and corneal conditions. For advanced vitreoretinal surgery or corneal transplantation, our team coordinates prompt referral to specialised centres while continuing your overall eye care. #### Can I get a second opinion on my eye condition at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on an eye diagnosis, surgical recommendation, or treatment plan. Our ophthalmologists will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person - call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) to schedule. ## Dermatology URL: https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/dermatology Summary: Expert dermatology care for skin, hair & nail disorders with advanced treatments at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai. Book an appointment now. Comprehensive skin care for all dermatological conditions. About Our Dermatology Department ### Comprehensive Skin, Hair & Aesthetic Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram At SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, our Department of Dermatology is dedicated to the diagnosis and treatment of the full spectrum of skin, hair, and nail conditions - from common everyday concerns to complex immunobullous and connective tissue diseases, as well as advanced procedural and aesthetic care. As a newly established, state-of-the-art multispeciality hospital, we combine specialist dermatological expertise with a patient-first philosophy focused on accessibility, affordability, and precise, evidence-based care. Our dermatology unit is led by a consultant trained at some of India's premier institutions, with specialised expertise spanning general and paediatric dermatology, complex immune-mediated skin disease, and a wide range of procedural and cosmetic dermatology techniques. Whether you are visiting us for a persistent skin condition, hair loss, a childhood skin concern, or an aesthetic procedure, our team is equipped to examine, diagnose, and treat you with precision and care. With comprehensive diagnostic capability, a dedicated procedural dermatology unit, and expertise extending from paediatric skin conditions to advanced surgical and laser techniques, SRM Prime stands as a trusted destination for dermatology care in western Chennai - offering accurate diagnosis, effective treatment, and confident, healthy skin for every patient. ### Why Choose SRM Prime Hospital for Skin & Hair Care AIIMS & JIPMER-Trained Specialist Consultant dermatologist trained at AIIMS New Delhi and JIPMER Puducherry, with 11+ years of experience. Advanced Procedural Capability Mohs surgery, vitiligo surgery, laser, PRP, and a full range of aesthetic dermatology techniques. Expertise in Complex Skin Disease Special focus on immunobullous and connective tissue disease, alongside common dermatology concerns. Comprehensive Dermatology Under One Roof General, paediatric, procedural, surgical, and cosmetic dermatology all delivered by the same specialist. We only recommend what is clinically necessary. Consultations in English, Tamil, and Hindi. Paediatric Dermatology Expertise Dedicated training in skin conditions specific to infants and children. ### Meet Our Dermatology Specialist Our dermatology department is led by a highly trained consultant with expertise spanning general, paediatric, procedural, and aesthetic dermatology - meaning patients of every age and every type of concern receive expert, evidence-based care from a single, trusted specialist. ##### Dr. Narayanan A Consultant – Dermatology 11+ years of experience English • Tamil • Hindi 10:00 - 13:00 & 16:30 - 17:30 [View Profile](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-narayanan-a#overview)[Book Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-narayanan-a) ### Specialised Dermatology Services Specialised Dermatology Services Key Procedures Explained Dermatology Sub-Specialities #### General & Clinical Dermatology Comprehensive evaluation and treatment of common and chronic skin, hair, and nail conditions, from acne and eczema to fungal infections and hair loss. Paediatric Dermatology Immunobullous & Connective Tissue Disease Clinic Procedural & Surgical Dermatology Cosmetic & Aesthetic Dermatology Venereology #### Specialised Dermatology Services ##### Paediatric Dermatology Specialist care for skin conditions in infants and children, delivered with a gentle, child-friendly approach and dedicated training in paediatric skin disease. ##### Immunobullous & Connective Tissue Disease Clinic Diagnosis and long-term management of complex immune-mediated skin conditions, including blistering (immunobullous) diseases and skin manifestations of connective tissue disorders. ##### Procedural & Surgical Dermatology A dedicated procedural service offering Mohs micrographic surgery, vitiligo surgery, excision procedures, subcision, dermabrasion, and fat transfer for a range of surgical dermatology needs. ##### Cosmetic & Aesthetic Dermatology A comprehensive range of aesthetic treatments including chemical peels, microneedling, PRP therapy, laser treatments, radiofrequency, and cryotherapy, tailored to individual skin goals. ##### Venereology Confidential, respectful diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted infections and related conditions. #### Key Procedures Explained ##### Mohs Micrographic Surgery A precise, tissue-sparing surgical technique for removing skin cancer, in which thin layers of tissue are removed and examined under the microscope one layer at a time until no cancer cells remain. ##### Vitiligo Surgery A surgical technique used to treat stable, treatment-resistant patches of vitiligo, in which healthy, pigment-producing skin cells are transferred from an unaffected area to the depigmented patch. ##### PRP Therapy for Hair & Skin A regenerative treatment that uses a concentrated preparation of the patient's own platelets, derived from their blood, to stimulate hair growth or skin rejuvenation when injected into the treatment area. ##### Laser Treatments & Chemical Peels A range of treatments using targeted light energy (laser) or controlled chemical solutions (peels) to address pigmentation, acne scarring, skin texture, and other cosmetic skin concerns. #### Dermatology Sub-Specialities ##### General & Clinical Dermatology Comprehensive diagnosis and management of common and chronic skin, hair, and nail conditions across all ages. Psoriasis - Chronic Inflammatory Skin Condition A chronic, immune-mediated skin condition causing rapid skin cell turnover, resulting in thickened, scaly patches. It can also affect the joints in some patients and tends to follow a relapsing and remitting course. Red, raised patches covered with silvery scale, most commonly on the elbows, knees, scalp, and lower back, along with itching and, in some patients, joint pain and stiffness. Topical therapy for mild disease, phototherapy and systemic treatment for more extensive disease, and long-term management plans tailored to disease severity and patient preference. Vitiligo - Loss of Skin Pigmentation Eczema & Contact Dermatitis Acne & Acne Scarring Diagnostic Services #### Vitiligo - Loss of Skin Pigmentation **What it is:** A condition in which pigment-producing cells in the skin are destroyed, leading to well-defined white patches. It can affect any part of the body and often has a significant emotional impact on patients. **Symptoms:** White or depigmented patches of skin, sometimes with premature whitening of hair in the affected area, which may gradually enlarge or spread over time. **Treatment:** Topical and light-based (phototherapy) treatments for active disease, and surgical options such as vitiligo surgery for stable, treatment-resistant patches, along with counselling support. #### Eczema & Contact Dermatitis **What it is:** Inflammatory skin conditions causing dry, itchy, and inflamed skin, either due to an underlying tendency (eczema/atopic dermatitis) or as a reaction to a specific contact allergen or irritant. **Symptoms:** Itching, redness, dryness, and, in more severe cases, oozing, cracking, or thickened skin, often affecting the hands, face, or skin folds. **Treatment:** Identification of triggers where relevant (including patch testing for suspected contact allergens), moisturising skincare routines, and topical or systemic anti-inflammatory treatment as needed. #### Acne & Acne Scarring **What it is:** A common skin condition affecting hair follicles and oil glands, most prevalent during adolescence and young adulthood but affecting people of all ages, which can lead to permanent scarring if not adequately managed. **Symptoms:** Blackheads, whiteheads, inflamed red or pus-filled spots, and, in more severe cases, deeper cysts or nodules that carry a higher risk of scarring. **Treatment:** Topical and oral medication tailored to severity, and procedural options such as chemical peels, microneedling, subcision, and laser treatment for existing acne scarring. #### Immunobullous Diseases - Autoimmune Blistering Skin Conditions **What it is:** A group of rare autoimmune conditions in which the immune system mistakenly attacks proteins that hold skin layers together, resulting in blister formation on the skin and, sometimes, mucous membranes. **Symptoms:** Blisters or erosions on the skin and, in some conditions, the mouth or other mucous membranes, which can be painful and, in severe cases, extensive. **Treatment:** Detailed clinical assessment and skin biopsy for accurate diagnosis, followed by immunosuppressive or other targeted therapy, with close long-term follow-up. #### Connective Tissue Diseases — Skin Involvement **What it is:** Autoimmune conditions such as lupus and dermatomyositis that can affect multiple organ systems, including characteristic skin findings that are often important for diagnosis and monitoring. **Symptoms:** Skin rashes (often light-sensitive), redness, and other characteristic skin changes, frequently accompanied by joint pain, fatigue, or other systemic symptoms. **Treatment:** Careful clinical evaluation, skin biopsy where needed, and coordinated management of skin manifestations alongside any underlying systemic disease. #### Leprosy — Chronic Bacterial Infection **What it is:** A chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, primarily affecting the skin and peripheral nerves, which remains an important condition to recognise and treat promptly to prevent nerve damage. **Symptoms:** Pale or reddish skin patches with reduced sensation, thickened nerves, and, if untreated, progressive nerve damage leading to weakness or deformity. **Treatment:** Accurate clinical diagnosis, multi-drug antibiotic therapy following standard treatment protocols, and monitoring for nerve involvement and treatment reactions. #### Fungal & Bacterial Skin Infections **What it is:** Common infections of the skin, hair, or nails caused by fungal organisms (such as ringworm) or bacteria, often related to humidity, friction, or minor skin injury. **Symptoms:** Itching, redness, scaling, or a well-defined rash in fungal infections; redness, warmth, swelling, and sometimes pus in bacterial infections. **Treatment:** Confirmatory testing such as KOH mount where needed, and targeted topical or oral antifungal or antibacterial therapy, along with guidance on preventing recurrence. #### Hair Loss — Alopecia **What it is:** A common concern with multiple possible causes, including pattern hair loss, telogen effluvium (stress-related shedding), and autoimmune alopecia areata, each requiring a different approach to treatment. **Symptoms:** Gradual thinning, receding hairline, widening parting, or patchy, well-defined areas of hair loss, depending on the underlying cause. **Treatment:** Detailed evaluation to identify the specific type and cause of hair loss, followed by tailored treatment options including topical therapy, PRP therapy, and, where appropriate, oral medication. #### Sexually Transmitted Infections **What it is:** A range of infections transmitted through sexual contact, requiring prompt, confidential diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications and further transmission. **Symptoms:** Varies by specific infection - may include genital sores, discharge, itching, or may be entirely asymptomatic, underscoring the importance of testing when exposure is a concern. **Treatment:** Confidential clinical evaluation and appropriate testing, targeted treatment based on diagnosis, and guidance on partner notification and prevention. ### Advanced Dermatology Diagnostics Accurate diagnosis is the foundation of effective dermatological care. SRM Prime Hospital provides a comprehensive dermatology diagnostic platform, coordinated by our specialists to ensure every skin, hair, and nail condition is precisely assessed and appropriately treated. Detailed Clinical Skin Examination Thorough visual and clinical assessment of skin, hair, and nail concerns — the foundation of every dermatology consultation. Dermoscopy Magnified examination of skin lesions using a handheld dermoscope, aiding early and accurate diagnosis of pigmented lesions and skin cancers. Skin Biopsy Removal of a small skin sample for laboratory examination, used to confirm the diagnosis of complex or uncertain skin conditions, including immunobullous and connective tissue diseases. Patch Testing A diagnostic test to identify specific allergens responsible for contact dermatitis, helping patients avoid triggers and manage allergic skin reactions. Wood's Lamp Examination A specialised ultraviolet light examination used to assess pigmentary conditions such as vitiligo and certain fungal or bacterial skin infections. KOH Mount & Fungal Scraping A quick microscopic test to confirm fungal skin, hair, or nail infections, guiding accurate, targeted antifungal treatment. #### Hair & Scalp Disorders Hair fall & alopecia - Dandruff & scalp infections - Telogen effluvium - Pattern hair loss evaluation #### Pediatric Dermatology Childhood skin infections - Eczema in children - Birthmarks & rashes #### Procedural Dermatology Chemical peels - Skin biopsy - Wart, mole & skin tag removal - Cryotherapy & electrocautery #### Pigmentation & Aesthetic Concerns Melasma - Hyperpigmentation - Skin lightening & rejuvenation therapies #### Medical Dermatology Acne & acne scar management - Eczema & dermatitis - Psoriasis - Fungal, bacterial & viral skin infections - Urticaria (allergy & hives) ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Do I need a referral to see a dermatologist at SRM Prime Hospital? No referral is needed. You can directly book an appointment with our consultant - Dr. Narayanan A - by calling [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) or booking online at [www.srmhospitals.com](https://srmhospitals.com/). #### Does SRM Prime Hospital treat children with skin conditions? Yes, our dermatologist holds a dedicated qualification in paediatric dermatology from JIPMER and regularly evaluates and treats skin conditions in infants and children, using a gentle, child-friendly approach. #### What cosmetic or aesthetic treatments are available? We offer a wide range of aesthetic dermatology treatments, including chemical peels, microneedling, PRP therapy, laser treatments, radiofrequency, cryotherapy, and fat transfer, tailored to individual skin concerns and goals. #### Can vitiligo be treated permanently? Treatment outcomes vary depending on the extent and stability of vitiligo. Options range from topical and light-based treatments for active disease to surgical options such as vitiligo surgery for stable, treatment-resistant patches. Our dermatologist will discuss realistic expectations based on your specific case. #### Is Mohs micrographic surgery available at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes, our dermatologist is trained in Mohs micrographic surgery, a precise technique for removing skin cancer while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible, particularly valuable for cancers on the face and other sensitive areas. #### How is hair loss evaluated and treated? Hair loss has multiple possible causes, so evaluation begins with a detailed clinical assessment to identify the specific type. Treatment may include topical therapy, oral medication, or PRP therapy, depending on the underlying cause. #### Are consultations for sexually transmitted infections confidential? Yes, all consultations, including those related to venereology, are handled with strict confidentiality and professionalism, in a respectful and non-judgemental environment. #### What should I expect at my first dermatology consultation? Your first visit will include a detailed discussion of your concern and medical history, followed by a thorough clinical skin examination. Additional tests such as dermoscopy, biopsy, or patch testing may be recommended depending on your specific condition. #### Can I get a second opinion on my skin condition at SRM Prime? Absolutely. We welcome patients seeking a second opinion on a skin diagnosis or treatment plan. Our dermatologist will review all your previous investigations and provide an honest, independent assessment. Second opinion consultations can be arranged online or in person - call [044 3545 3545](tel:044 3545 3545) to schedule. --- # Diseases & Conditions ## Diseases & Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions Summary: Explore the conditions we treat across 30+ specialities at SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram — symptoms, causes and treatment options, explained by our consultants. Explore conditions we treat across 30+ specialities — symptoms, causes and treatment options. Blood Cancers Lung Cancer Newborn Conditions Peripheral Vascular Disorders Paediatric Conditions Head & Neck Cancers Venous Diseases Oral Pathologies Gynaecological Cancers Hair Disorders Nail Disorders Jaw & Facial Disorders Pigmentation & Cosmetic Issues Skin Conditions Gastrointestinal Cancers Dialysis Related Vascular Needs Breast Cancer Diabetes Related Vascular Issues Surgical & Post-Operative Care Emergency Conditions Diabetes and Related Complications Thyroid Disorders Hormonal Imbalances Bone Health Conditions Vascular Conditions Infections & Fluid Collections Tumours & Masses Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Disorders Joint Disorders Sports and Soft Tissue Injuries Fractures and Trauma Spine Conditions Bone Health Disorders Ear Conditions Nose & Sinus Conditions Throat Conditions Head & Neck Conditions Kidney & Stone Disorders Prostate Conditions Bladder & Urinary Issues Male Reproductive Conditions Functional & Structural Disorders Rhythm Disorders Structural Heart Diseases Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy Vascular Diseases Conditions Managed Critical Illness High-Risk Patient Management Paediatric Emergencies Gastrointestinal Conditions Hernias Breast and Thyroid Conditions Anorectal Conditions Soft Tissue Conditions Cardiac and Vascular Emergencies Neurological Emergencies Respiratory Emergencies Trauma and Injury Care Metabolic and Infectious Emergencies Airway Disorders Lung Infections Chronic Lung Conditions Emergency Respiratory Issues Sleep-Related Conditions Heart Rhythm Disorders Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Refractive & Common Eye Disorders Cataract & Age-Related Eye Conditions Glaucoma & Pressure-Related Disorders Retina & Vision-Threatening Disorders Eye Infections & Injuries Dental & Oral Conditions Coronary Artery Disease Broken Heart Syndrome A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z [Blood Cancers](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/blood-cancers)[Lung Cancer](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/lung-cancer)[Newborn Conditions](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/newborn-conditions)[Peripheral Vascular Disorders](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/peripheral-vascular-disorders)[Paediatric Conditions](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pediatric-conditions)[Head & Neck Cancers](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/head-neck-cancers)[Venous Diseases](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/venous-diseases)[Oral Pathologies](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/oral-pathologies)[Gynaecological Cancers](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/gynaecological-cancers)[Hair Disorders](https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/hair-disorders) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 --- # Conditions: Heart & Blood Vessels ## Broken Heart Syndrome URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/broken-heart-syndrome Summary: Broken Heart Syndrome (Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy): causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment at SRM Prime. Cardiology ### Broken Heart Syndrome Comprehensive heart care with advanced diagnostic and treatment solutions. #### Introduction Broken Heart Syndrome, medically known as Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, is a temporary heart condition that mimics the symptoms of a heart attack. It is often triggered by extreme emotional or physical stress, leading to a sudden weakening of the heart muscle. This condition is significant not only because of its striking presentation but also due to its implications for heart health and emotional well-being. Understanding Broken Heart Syndrome is crucial for recognising its symptoms, seeking timely treatment, and preventing potential complications. #### What is Broken Heart Syndrome? Broken Heart Syndrome is a form of stress-induced cardiomyopathy characterized by a sudden and temporary weakening of the heart muscle. It is often precipitated by intense emotional or physical stress, such as the loss of a loved one, a breakup, or even a significant life change. The name "Takotsubo" comes from the Japanese word for "octopus pot," as the heart's shape resembles this pot during the condition. While it can mimic a heart attack, it typically does not involve blocked coronary arteries, and most patients recover fully with appropriate care. #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What causes Broken Heart Syndrome? It is most often triggered by intense emotional or physical stress, which causes a surge of stress hormones that temporarily stun the heart muscle. ##### How is Broken Heart Syndrome diagnosed? Through a combination of ECG, cardiac blood tests, an echocardiogram, and often a coronary angiogram to rule out blocked arteries. ##### What are the symptoms of Broken Heart Syndrome? The most common symptoms are sudden chest pain and shortness of breath, sometimes with dizziness — closely mimicking a heart attack. ##### Is Broken Heart Syndrome treatable? Yes. Most people recover fully within a few weeks with supportive medication, monitoring, and stress management. ##### Can men get Broken Heart Syndrome? Yes, though it is far more common in post-menopausal women. Men can develop it, often after major physical stress. ## Coronary Artery Disease URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/coronary-artery-disease Summary: Learn about Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) — causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and advanced cardiac treatment at SRM Prime Hospital. Diseases & Conditions ### Coronary Artery Disease Understanding Blocked Heart Arteries Before They Become Dangerous Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) occurs when the blood vessels supplying oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle become narrowed due to fatty plaque buildup. This reduces blood flow to the heart and may lead to chest pain, breathlessness, irregular heartbeat, or heart attack if untreated. At SRM PRIME, our cardiology and heart diagnostics teams provide early detection, preventive cardiac risk evaluation, and advanced treatment for blocked coronary arteries, helping patients reduce the risk of heart attack and heart failure. CAD often develops silently over many years, which is why timely heart screening and risk assessment are critical for patients with diabetes, high BP, cholesterol issues, obesity, smoking history, or family history of heart disease. #### What is Coronary Artery Disease? Coronary Artery Disease is a condition in which the coronary arteries become narrow or blocked due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis). The narrowing limits blood supply to the heart muscle, especially during exertion, stress, or increased oxygen demand. This can cause: - chest tightness (angina) - shortness of breath - fatigue while walking - reduced exercise tolerance - heart attack risk - long-term weakening of heart muscle Without treatment, severe CAD may lead to myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, heart failure, or sudden cardiac emergencies. ### What Causes Coronary Artery Disease? #### Plaque Build-Up in Heart Arteries The most common cause is cholesterol and fat deposits building up inside the coronary arteries. #### Lifestyle Risk Factors - smoking - unhealthy diet - obesity - physical inactivity - chronic stress - poor sleep - alcohol excess #### Medical Risk Factors - diabetes - hypertension - high LDL cholesterol - kidney disease - metabolic syndrome - thyroid imbalance #### Key High-Risk Groups Higher risk is seen in: - men above 45 - women after menopause - family history of early heart disease - smokers - diabetic patients - people with sedentary lifestyle ### Symptoms of Coronary Artery Disease #### Common Symptoms - chest pain or pressure - heaviness in the chest - shortness of breath - sweating - fatigue during exertion - pain radiating to left arm, jaw, shoulder, or back #### Warning Signs Seek urgent care if symptoms include: - chest pain at rest - sudden sweating - nausea with chest discomfort - fainting - severe breathlessness - pain spreading to jaw or arm - unexplained fatigue in diabetics #### Diagnosis Our cardiology workup may include: - ECG - 2D Echo - TMT / Stress test - CT coronary angiogram - lipid profile - troponin - coronary angiography #### Differential Diagnosis Symptoms may sometimes overlap with: - gastritis / acidity - muscle pain - panic attacks - pericarditis - pulmonary embolism - aortic conditions ### Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease #### Medical Management - blood thinners / antiplatelets - statins - BP control medicines - anti-anginal therapy - diabetes optimisation - heart rate control #### Non-Surgical & Lifestyle Treatment - low-fat cardiac diet - smoking cessation - supervised exercise - weight reduction - cardiac rehabilitation - stress reduction programmes #### Advanced Cardiac Procedures Depending on blockage severity: - coronary angioplasty - stent placement - intravascular imaging guided PCI - bypass surgery (CABG) - high-risk angioplasty support #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the first symptom of coronary artery disease? The most common first symptom is chest pain or heaviness during walking, climbing stairs, or stress. ##### Can coronary artery disease be cured? Plaque buildup cannot always be reversed completely, but progression can be slowed significantly with medication, lifestyle changes, and procedures. ##### Is CAD the same as heart attack? No. CAD is the blockage process in the heart arteries. A heart attack happens when the blockage becomes sudden and severe. ##### Who should get screened for CAD? People with diabetes, BP, cholesterol, obesity, smoking history, or family history should undergo preventive heart evaluation. ##### Can young adults get CAD? Yes. Due to stress, smoking, obesity, poor sleep, and diabetes, CAD is increasingly seen in younger adults. ## Diabetes Related Vascular Issues URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/diabetes-related-vascular-issues Vascular Surgery ### Diabetes Related Vascular Issues - Diabetic foot conditions - Chronic non-healing wounds ## Dialysis Related Vascular Needs URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/dialysis-related-vascular-needs Vascular Surgery ### Dialysis Related Vascular Needs - AV fistula creation and maintenance ## Emergency Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/emergency-conditions Vascular Surgery ### Emergency Conditions - Traumatic vascular injuries - Sudden arterial blockages All treatments at our vascular hospital follow standardised, evidence-based protocols. ## Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/heart-failure-cardiomyopathy Summary: Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Fluid overload & breathlessness Cardiology & Interventional Cardiology ### Heart Failure & Cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Fluid overload & breathlessness Dilated cardiomyopathy Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Fluid overload & breathlessness ## Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/heart-failure-and-cardiomyopathy Cardiology & Interventional Cardiology ### Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Understanding a Weak or Enlarged Heart Before Symptoms Worsen Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy are conditions where the heart muscle becomes weak, enlarged, thickened, or stiff, making it difficult for the heart to pump blood effectively to the rest of the body. This may lead to breathlessness, leg swelling, fatigue, reduced stamina, fluid retention, or repeated hospital admissions. At SRM PRIME, our advanced heart failure and cardiomyopathy programme offers early diagnosis, ejection fraction assessment, medication optimisation, rhythm monitoring, device therapy, and long-term heart muscle support. Whether caused by coronary artery disease, long-standing BP, viral damage, genetic conditions, or valve disease, early management can significantly improve quality of life and reduce progression. #### What is Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy?Heart Failure is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs. Cardiomyopathy refers to diseases of the heart muscle itself, where the muscle may become: - enlarged (dilated cardiomyopathy) - thickened (hypertrophic cardiomyopathy) - stiff (restrictive cardiomyopathy) - scarred or weakened Cardiomyopathy is one of the major causes of heart failure and can also lead to arrhythmias, clot risk, valve leakage, and sudden cardiac events. ### What Causes Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy? #### Underlying Heart Conditions - coronary artery disease - previous heart attack - severe hypertension - valve disease - congenital heart defects - rhythm disorders #### Heart Muscle Disorders - viral myocarditis - genetic cardiomyopathy - alcohol-related heart muscle weakness - chemotherapy-related heart damage - postpartum cardiomyopathy - infiltrative diseases #### Lifestyle & Metabolic Factors - obesity - diabetes - smoking - alcohol excess - poor sleep - thyroid disorders - kidney disease #### High-Risk Groups Higher risk is seen in: - patients with previous MI - uncontrolled BP patients - diabetics - family history of cardiomyopathy - chronic alcohol users - elderly patients ### Symptoms of Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy #### Common Symptoms - shortness of breath - swelling in legs and feet - fatigue - reduced walking capacity - palpitations - cough while lying down - sudden weight gain due to fluid - abdominal bloating #### Warning Signs Urgent care is needed if symptoms include: - breathlessness at rest - chest pain - fainting - pink frothy sputum - severe leg swelling - rapid heartbeat - sudden drop in oxygen levels Our heart failure workup may include: - ECG - 2D Echo with EF assessment - NT-proBNP / BNP - Holter monitoring - cardiac MRI - CT coronary evaluation - blood tests - genetic workup when needed Symptoms may overlap with: - kidney failure - lung disease - severe anaemia - valve disorders - pulmonary hypertension - thyroid disease ### Treatment for Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy #### Medical Management Modern heart failure therapy may include: - ARNI / ACE inhibitor / ARB - beta blockers - diuretics - mineralocorticoid blockers - SGLT2 inhibitors - rhythm control therapy - anticoagulation where needed #### Lifestyle & Rehabilitation - salt restriction - fluid management - cardiac rehabilitation - supervised exercise - weight monitoring - sleep apnoea treatment - BP and diabetes control #### Advanced Heart Failure Therapies Depending on severity: - ICD implantation - CRT device - pacemaker support - LVAD consideration - high-risk angioplasty / CABG - heart transplant pathway - genetic cardiomyopathy counselling Modern treatment now focuses on the four-pillar heart failure therapy approach, which has significantly improved survival and symptom control. #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### Is heart failure the same as heart attack? No. Heart failure is reduced pumping function of the heart, while a heart attack is sudden loss of blood flow to heart muscle. ##### Can cardiomyopathy be reversed? Some forms, especially early dilated or viral cardiomyopathy, may improve significantly with timely treatment. ##### What is a normal ejection fraction? A normal EF is usually 50–70%. Lower values may indicate weakened pumping function. ##### Can young adults get cardiomyopathy? Yes. Genetic, viral, alcohol-related, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can affect younger adults. ##### When do heart failure patients need devices? ICD, CRT, or pacemaker support may be recommended when EF remains low or rhythm risk is high. ## Heart Rhythm Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/heart-rhythm-disorders Cardiology & Interventional Cardiology ### Heart Rhythm Disorders Understanding Irregular Heartbeats Before They Become Serious Heart Rhythm Disorders, also known as arrhythmias, occur when the electrical signals that control the heartbeat do not work properly. This can make the heart beat too fast, too slow, or in an irregular pattern, sometimes causing palpitations, dizziness, fainting, breathlessness, or chest discomfort. At SRM PRIME, our advanced cardiology and electrophysiology teams provide comprehensive rhythm assessment, ECG-based diagnosis, long-term rhythm monitoring, and interventional arrhythmia management for both benign and high-risk rhythm conditions. Some rhythm problems are harmless, while others may increase the risk of stroke, heart failure, or sudden cardiac arrest, making early evaluation extremely important. #### What are Heart Rhythm Disorders? Heart Rhythm Disorders are conditions in which the heart’s natural electrical conduction system becomes abnormal, affecting how the heart beats. This may present as: - tachycardia – fast heartbeat - bradycardia – slow heartbeat - irregular rhythm – uneven heartbeat - extra beats / skipped beats - atrial fibrillation - supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) - ventricular arrhythmias The condition may be occasional or persistent, depending on the cause and rhythm type. ### What Causes Heart Rhythm Disorders? #### Electrical Signal Disturbances The most common cause is a disruption in the heart’s internal electrical signaling system. #### Underlying Heart Conditions - coronary artery disease - previous heart attack - valve disorders - cardiomyopathy - congenital heart disease - heart failure #### Lifestyle & Trigger Factors - stress and anxiety - caffeine excess - alcohol - smoking - poor sleep - stimulant medications - dehydration #### Medical & Metabolic Causes - thyroid imbalance - electrolyte abnormalities - diabetes - sleep apnoea - fever / infections - certain medications ### Symptoms of Heart Rhythm Disorders #### Common Symptoms - palpitations - fluttering sensation in chest - racing heartbeat - skipped beats - dizziness - unusual fatigue - shortness of breath - chest discomfort #### Warning Signs Seek urgent medical attention if symptoms include: - fainting - chest pain - severe breathlessness - sudden sweating - confusion - collapse - prolonged fast heartbeat Our rhythm disorder evaluation may include: - ECG - 2D Echo - Holter monitoring - event recorder - treadmill stress ECG - electrophysiology study - wearable rhythm analysis - blood tests Symptoms may overlap with: - panic attacks - anxiety episodes - acidity - coronary artery disease - structural heart disease - thyroid disorders ### Treatment for Heart Rhythm Disorders #### Medical Management - anti-arrhythmic medications - beta blockers - blood thinners (for AFib) - heart rate control therapy - electrolyte correction #### Non-Surgical Treatments - lifestyle trigger management - caffeine and alcohol reduction - stress control - sleep apnoea correction - thyroid treatment - monitoring and observation #### Advanced Cardiac Rhythm Procedures Depending on rhythm type: - catheter ablation - electrical cardioversion - pacemaker implantation - ICD device placement - loop recorder insertion - electrophysiology-guided treatment #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### Are heart palpitations always dangerous? Not always. Some are harmless, but repeated palpitations, dizziness, or chest discomfort should always be evaluated. ##### Can arrhythmia cause stroke? Yes. Certain rhythm disorders like atrial fibrillation can increase stroke risk due to clot formation. ##### How is arrhythmia diagnosed? Diagnosis is commonly done with ECG, Holter monitoring, event recorders, and advanced electrophysiology studies. ##### Can heart rhythm disorders be cured? Many rhythm disorders can be effectively controlled or cured with medication, ablation, or pacemaker support. ##### When should I see a cardiologist for skipped beats? If skipped beats are frequent, associated with dizziness, chest pain, or fainting, you should seek evaluation immediately. ## Peripheral Vascular Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/peripheral-vascular-disorders Vascular Surgery ### Peripheral Vascular Disorders - Peripheral artery disease - Pain in legs while walking (claudication) ## Rhythm Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/rhythm-disorders Summary: Arrhythmias Atrial fibrillation Bradycardia / tachycardia Heart block Cardiology & Interventional Cardiology ### Rhythm Disorders Arrhythmias Atrial fibrillation Bradycardia / tachycardia Heart block Arrhythmias Atrial fibrillation Bradycardia / tachycardia Heart block ## Structural Heart Diseases URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/structural-heart-diseases Cardiology & Interventional Cardiology ### Structural Heart Diseases Understanding Valve, Wall, and Congenital Heart Defects with Advanced Repair Options Structural Heart Diseases refer to abnormalities that affect the heart valves, chambers, walls, septum, or major heart vessels. Some are present from birth (congenital), while others develop over time due to aging, infection, wear and tear, or long-standing heart conditions. At SRM PRIME, our structural heart and interventional cardiology teams provide advanced imaging, catheter-based heart repairs, valve interventions, septal defect closures, and surgical coordination for both congenital and acquired structural abnormalities. Early diagnosis is critical because untreated structural defects may lead to breathlessness, fatigue, stroke risk, heart failure, irregular rhythm, or reduced blood flow efficiency. #### What are Structural Heart Diseases? Structural Heart Diseases are conditions that affect the physical structure of the heart, including: - heart valves - heart chambers - septal walls - great vessels - heart muscle thickness - congenital openings or abnormal connections Common examples include: - aortic stenosis - mitral valve regurgitation - atrial septal defect (ASD) - ventricular septal defect (VSD) - patent foramen ovale (PFO) - bicuspid aortic valve - hypertrophic septal disorders - tricuspid valve disease These abnormalities may disrupt normal blood flow and place extra pressure on the heart over time. ### What Causes Structural Heart Diseases? #### Congenital Structural Defects Some patients are born with abnormalities such as: - ASD - VSD - valve malformations - bicuspid aortic valve - abnormal vessel connections #### Age-Related Valve Degeneration With age, calcium deposits and tissue wear may lead to: - valve narrowing - valve leakage - chamber enlargement - wall stiffness #### Acquired Medical Causes - rheumatic heart disease - endocarditis - prior heart attack - cardiomyopathy - uncontrolled hypertension - connective tissue disorders #### High-Risk Patient Groups Higher risk is seen in: - elderly patients - congenital heart disease survivors - patients with previous valve infections - patients with family history of valve defects - people with chronic hypertension ### Symptoms of Structural Heart Diseases #### Common Symptoms - shortness of breath - fatigue - chest discomfort - palpitations - dizziness - reduced exercise capacity - swelling in legs - heart murmur #### Warning Signs Urgent evaluation is needed if symptoms include: - fainting episodes - severe breathlessness - sudden leg swelling - stroke-like symptoms - blue lips or low oxygen signs - chest pain with exertion Our structural heart workup may include: - 2D / 3D Echocardiography - Transesophageal Echo (TEE) - CT cardiac imaging - MRI heart - cardiac catheterisation - angiography - fetal echo (for congenital screening) - structural intervention planning imaging Symptoms may overlap with: - coronary artery disease - heart failure - arrhythmias - pulmonary hypertension - cardiomyopathy ### Treatment for Structural Heart Diseases #### Medical Management - heart failure medications - blood pressure control - anticoagulation where needed - symptom relief therapy - infection prevention in valve disorders #### Minimally Invasive Structural Procedures Depending on the condition: - TAVR / TAVI - MitraClip - ASD closure - VSD closure - PFO closure - balloon valvotomy - septal alcohol ablation - catheter-based valve repair #### Surgical Interventions For advanced defects: - valve repair surgery - valve replacement - congenital defect correction - aortic root repair - open-heart septal repair #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the most common structural heart disease? Heart valve disease, especially aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, is among the most common structural heart disorders. ##### Can structural heart disease be treated without open surgery? Yes. Many cases can now be treated with catheter-based procedures like TAVR, MitraClip, or septal device closure. ##### Are congenital heart defects treatable in adults? Yes. Many congenital structural defects such as ASD, VSD, and PFO can be safely treated even in adulthood. ##### What tests are used to diagnose valve disease? 2D Echo, TEE, CT heart imaging, MRI, and catheterisation are commonly used. ##### When should I see a structural heart specialist? If you have breathlessness, heart murmur, unexplained fatigue, fainting, or known valve disease, early specialist evaluation is important. ## Vascular Diseases URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/vascular-diseases Cardiology & Interventional Cardiology ### Vascular Diseases Early Detection and Advanced Treatment for Blood Vessel Disorders Vascular Diseases refer to conditions that affect the arteries, veins, and circulation pathways outside the heart, reducing healthy blood flow to vital tissues and limbs. These disorders can lead to leg pain while walking, swelling, numbness, slow-healing wounds, visible veins, stroke risk, or even limb-threatening circulation loss if ignored. At SRM PRIME, our vascular and endovascular specialists provide early circulation assessment, Doppler-based diagnosis, minimally invasive vascular procedures, clot prevention, and long-term blood vessel care for both arterial and venous conditions. Early intervention is critical because many vascular problems begin silently and only become noticeable when blood flow is already significantly reduced. #### What are Vascular Diseases? Vascular Diseases are conditions that affect the body’s blood vessels, including: - arteries - veins - capillaries - lymphatic circulation Common vascular disorders include: - Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) - carotid artery disease - deep vein thrombosis (DVT) - varicose veins - chronic venous insufficiency - aneurysms - diabetic vascular complications - limb ischaemia These conditions can reduce oxygen delivery to tissues, increase clot risk, and impair healing in the legs, feet, brain, kidneys, or arms. ### What Causes Vascular Diseases? #### Arterial Narrowing & Plaque Build-Up The most common cause is atherosclerosis, where cholesterol plaque narrows arteries and reduces circulation. #### Clotting & Venous Disorders - blood clots - prolonged immobility - post-surgical clot risk - varicose vein valve weakness - venous insufficiency - DVT #### Lifestyle & Metabolic Risk Factors - smoking - diabetes - high blood pressure - high cholesterol - obesity - lack of exercise - prolonged sitting - dehydration #### High-Risk Groups Higher risk is seen in: - diabetics - smokers - elderly patients - post-surgery patients - sedentary individuals - patients with family history of vascular disease ### Symptoms of Vascular Diseases #### Common Symptoms - leg pain while walking - calf cramps - swelling in legs - cold feet - numbness - visible bulging veins - slow-healing ulcers - skin discoloration - weak pulses #### Warning Signs Urgent evaluation is needed if symptoms include: - sudden one-sided leg swelling - severe leg pain at rest - non-healing foot wound - blackened toes or gangrene - sudden speech or vision changes - chest pain with clot symptoms - sudden limb coldness Our vascular workup may include: - arterial Doppler - venous Doppler - ankle-brachial index (ABI) - CT angiography - MR angiography - carotid Doppler - vascular ultrasound - clotting profile Symptoms may overlap with: - neuropathy - arthritis - sciatica - cellulitis - heart failure swelling - muscle strain ### Treatment for Vascular Diseases #### Medical Management - blood thinners - antiplatelet therapy - cholesterol control - BP optimisation - diabetes control - compression therapy - ulcer care #### Lifestyle & Circulation Support - supervised walking programme - smoking cessation - weight reduction - leg elevation - foot care for diabetics - hydration and mobility routines #### Advanced Vascular Procedures Depending on severity: - angioplasty - vascular stenting - thrombectomy - endovascular clot removal - varicose vein laser treatment - bypass surgery - aneurysm repair - carotid intervention #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the most common vascular disease? Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) affecting leg circulation is one of the most common vascular disorders. ##### Can poor circulation cause leg pain? Yes. Reduced blood flow often causes calf pain or cramps while walking that improve with rest. ##### Are varicose veins dangerous? Some are mainly cosmetic, but others may lead to swelling, skin damage, ulcers, or clot risk. ##### How are vascular blockages diagnosed? Doppler scans, ABI, CT angiography, and vascular ultrasound are commonly used. ##### When should I see a vascular specialist? If you have leg pain, swelling, cold feet, ulcers, visible veins, or sudden limb symptoms, early vascular evaluation is important. ## Venous Diseases URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/venous-diseases Vascular Surgery ### Venous Diseases - Varicose veins - Deep vein thrombosis - Venous ulcers --- # Conditions: Emergencies & Critical Care ## Cardiac and Vascular Emergencies URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/cardiac-and-vascular-emergencies Emergency Medicine ### Cardiac and Vascular Emergencies Every Minute Matters in Saving Heart, Brain, and Limb Function Cardiac and Vascular Emergencies are sudden life-threatening conditions affecting the heart, blood vessels, brain circulation, or limb blood flow, requiring immediate diagnosis and rapid intervention. These emergencies may include: - heart attack - sudden cardiac arrest - dangerous arrhythmias - acute heart failure - aortic dissection - stroke / TIA - pulmonary embolism - deep vein thrombosis with clot migration - acute limb ischaemia - hypertensive emergency At SRM PRIME, our 24/7 emergency cardiology, vascular intervention, stroke-response, cath lab, and ICU teams are equipped for rapid diagnosis, thrombolysis, emergency angioplasty, clot removal, vascular repair, and critical care stabilisation. Fast action during the golden hour can be life-saving. #### What are Cardiac and Vascular Emergencies? These are acute disorders of the heart or blood vessels that can rapidly compromise blood flow to vital organs. Common emergencies include: - Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) / Heart Attack - Sudden Cardiac Arrest - Unstable Arrhythmias - Acute Pulmonary Embolism - Aortic Dissection / Aneurysm Rupture - Hypertensive Crisis - Acute Stroke from carotid blockage - Critical limb ischaemia - Massive DVT complications Without urgent treatment, these conditions may lead to permanent heart damage, stroke, limb loss, organ failure, or sudden death. ### What Causes Cardiac and Vascular Emergencies? #### Blocked Arteries or Sudden Clots - plaque rupture in coronary arteries - sudden blood clot formation - carotid artery blockage - clot migration to lungs - limb artery occlusion #### Electrical & Pumping Emergencies - ventricular arrhythmia - severe bradycardia - acute heart failure - cardiogenic shock - post-MI rhythm instability #### Major Blood Vessel Emergencies - aortic aneurysm - aortic dissection - severe uncontrolled hypertension - vessel rupture - post-surgical vascular complications Higher risk is seen in: - diabetics - smokers - uncontrolled BP patients - known CAD / PAD patients - post-operative clot-risk patients - elderly patients - patients with previous stroke history ### Emergency Warning Signs That Need Immediate Attention #### Common Emergency Symptoms - severe chest pain - sudden sweating - sudden breathlessness - palpitations with dizziness - sudden collapse - one-sided weakness - sudden leg pain with coldness - severe headache with high BP - tearing chest or back pain #### Red Flag Symptoms Call emergency care immediately if there is: - chest pain > 5 minutes - loss of consciousness - no pulse / no breathing - facial droop or slurred speech - severe oxygen drop - coughing blood - sudden blue or pale limb - blackened toes / no limb pulse Our emergency workup may include: - ECG - troponin - emergency Echo - CT aortogram - CT pulmonary angiography - carotid Doppler - limb Doppler - ABG - D-dimer - cath lab angiography Symptoms may overlap with: - panic attack - severe acidity - musculoskeletal chest pain - pneumonia - anxiety-related palpitations - neuropathy - migraine stroke mimic ### Emergency Treatment Pathways #### Immediate Medical Stabilisation - oxygen support - IV emergency medications - clot-busting therapy - BP crisis control - anti-arrhythmic stabilisation - anticoagulation - pain relief and monitoring #### Emergency Cardiac & Vascular Procedures Depending on the emergency: - Primary angioplasty - emergency stenting - temporary pacemaker - electrical cardioversion - thrombectomy - pulmonary clot intervention - carotid intervention - emergency vascular stenting - aortic repair pathway - limb-saving revascularisation #### Critical Care Support - ICU / CCU monitoring - ventilator support - invasive BP monitoring - shock management - multi-organ support - post-procedure recovery pathway #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What symptoms need immediate cardiac emergency care? Chest pain, collapse, severe breathlessness, fainting, sweating, or sudden palpitations with dizziness require urgent evaluation. ##### Is sudden leg pain a vascular emergency? Yes. Sudden severe leg pain, coldness, numbness, or loss of pulse may indicate acute limb ischaemia. ##### How fast should a heart attack be treated? Treatment should ideally begin within the golden hour, as faster artery opening improves survival and heart muscle preservation. ##### Can stroke symptoms be linked to vascular disease? Yes. Carotid artery blockages and clots can cause sudden stroke symptoms. ##### What is the difference between heart attack and cardiac arrest? A heart attack is a blood flow blockage. Cardiac arrest is an electrical shutdown causing sudden collapse. ## Critical Illness URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/critical-illness Summary: • Sepsis • Respiratory failure • Shock & multi-organ dysfunction Anaesthesiology ### Critical Illness #### Introduction - Sepsis - Respiratory failure - Shock & multi-organ dysfunction ## High-Risk Patient Management URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/high-risk-patient-management Summary: • Elderly patients • Patients with cardiac, lung, or metabolic disorders All care is delivered under strict protocols within our Dept of Anaesthesiology. SRM Prime Hospital is also steadily emerging as one of the best anaesthesiology hospitals in India due to its consistent clinical excellence and… Anaesthesiology ### High-Risk Patient Management #### Introduction - Elderly patients - Patients with cardiac, lung, or metabolic disorders All care is delivered under strict protocols within our Dept of Anaesthesiology. SRM Prime Hospital is also steadily emerging as one of the best anaesthesiology hospitals in India due to its consistent clinical excellence and advanced infrastructure. ## Metabolic and Infectious Emergencies URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/metabolic-infectious-emergencies Emergency Medicine ### Metabolic and Infectious Emergencies Rapid Stabilisation for Sepsis, Sugar Crises, and Organ-Threatening Imbalances Metabolic and Infectious Emergencies are sudden life-threatening medical conditions caused by severe infections, uncontrolled blood sugar, hormonal collapse, electrolyte imbalance, or acid-base disturbances. These emergencies may include: - diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - severe hypoglycemia - hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) - sepsis and septic shock - meningitis / encephalitis - thyroid storm - adrenal crisis - severe hyponatremia / hyperkalemia - metabolic acidosis - hepatic or uremic encephalopathy At SRM PRIME, our 24/7 emergency medicine, ICU, endocrinology, infectious disease, nephrology, and critical care teams are equipped for rapid diagnostics, IV stabilisation, insulin infusion, antibiotic bundles, vasopressor support, dialysis pathways, and organ-protection monitoring. Early intervention is critical because DKA, HHS, septic shock, and thyroid storm carry high mortality if treatment is delayed. #### What are Metabolic and Infectious Emergencies? These are acute disorders where severe infection or metabolic imbalance rapidly disrupts normal organ function, often affecting the brain, kidneys, circulation, lungs, and heart. Common emergencies include: - DKA - HHS - severe hypoglycemia - sepsis / septic shock - thyroid storm - myxedema coma - adrenal insufficiency crisis - hyperkalemia - severe sodium imbalance - lactic acidosis Without urgent treatment, these may lead to shock, seizures, coma, arrhythmias, multi-organ failure, or sudden death. ### What Causes Metabolic and Infectious Emergencies? #### Severe Infections & Sepsis - pneumonia - urinary sepsis - abdominal infection - meningitis - bloodstream infection - necrotizing soft tissue infection #### Diabetes & Hormonal Emergencies - missed insulin doses - uncontrolled diabetes - infection-triggered DKA - HHS - severe hypoglycemia - thyroid storm - adrenal crisis #### Electrolyte & Organ Failure Causes - severe dehydration - kidney failure - liver failure - sodium imbalance - potassium emergencies - lactic acidosis - toxin-related acidosis Higher risk is seen in: - diabetics - elderly patients - ICU / post-surgical patients - immunocompromised patients - chronic kidney disease patients - cancer patients - steroid-dependent patients ### Emergency Warning Signs That Need Immediate Attention #### Common Emergency Symptoms - very high or low blood sugar symptoms - confusion - high fever with chills - rapid breathing - severe dehydration - vomiting - abdominal pain - altered sensorium - extreme weakness - reduced urine output Seek emergency care immediately if there is: - unconsciousness - seizure - persistent low BP - severe drowsiness - fruity breath with deep breathing - severe agitation with fever - no urine output - rapidly worsening confusion - cold clammy extremities Our emergency workup may include: - blood glucose and ketones - ABG / VBG - lactate - blood cultures - CBC - CRP / procalcitonin - electrolytes - renal and liver profile - thyroid profile - cortisol where indicated - CT / MRI if CNS infection suspected Symptoms may overlap with: - stroke - poisoning - panic attack - seizure disorder - renal failure - liver failure - drug overdose - encephalitis ### Emergency Treatment Pathways #### Immediate Medical Stabilisation - IV fluids - insulin infusion - IV dextrose for hypoglycemia - broad-spectrum antibiotics - electrolyte correction - vasopressor support - steroid rescue therapy - fever and source control management #### Advanced Emergency Procedures Depending on severity: - central line & ICU monitoring - emergency dialysis - source control surgery / drainage - lumbar puncture pathway - ventilator support - invasive BP monitoring - continuous insulin pump infusion - sepsis shock protocol bundle #### Critical Care Support - ICU sepsis monitoring - organ support - serial lactate tracking - urine output monitoring - continuous glucose management - dialysis support - Neuro ICU transition if encephalopathy present #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the most common metabolic emergency? Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is one of the most common metabolic emergencies, especially in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. ##### How dangerous is sepsis? Sepsis can rapidly progress to septic shock and multi-organ failure, making early antibiotics and ICU care life-saving. ##### When does low sugar become an emergency? Confusion, sweating, seizures, unconsciousness, or inability to take oral sugar are medical emergencies. ##### What is thyroid storm? Thyroid storm is a severe endocrine crisis caused by uncontrolled hyperthyroidism with fever, fast heart rate, and organ dysfunction. ##### When is dialysis needed in a metabolic emergency? Dialysis may be needed for severe potassium elevation, acidosis, toxin buildup, or kidney failure-related emergencies. ## Neurological Emergencies URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/neurological-emergencies Emergency Medicine ### Neurological Emergencies Every Minute Matters in Protecting Brain and Nerve Function Neurological Emergencies are sudden life-threatening conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, or nervous system, where delayed treatment can lead to permanent disability, paralysis, speech loss, memory issues, breathing failure, or death. These emergencies may include: - acute ischaemic stroke - brain hemorrhage - status epilepticus - severe head injury - meningitis / encephalitis - sudden loss of consciousness - spinal cord compression - Guillain-Barré syndrome with breathing weakness - raised intracranial pressure - neuromuscular respiratory failure At SRM PRIME, our 24/7 emergency neurology, stroke-response, neuroimaging, Neuro ICU, and neurosurgery teams are equipped for rapid diagnosis, thrombolysis, seizure control, emergency decompression, infection management, and life support stabilisation. #### What are Neurological Emergencies? Neurological Emergencies are acute disorders that suddenly disrupt brain, spinal cord, nerve, or neuromuscular function, often requiring immediate imaging, specialist intervention, and critical monitoring. Common emergencies include: - Stroke / TIA - Brain Hemorrhage - Status Epilepticus - Acute Meningitis / Encephalitis - Severe Head Injury - Raised Intracranial Pressure - Spinal Cord Compression - Acute Paralysis / GBS - Myasthenic Crisis - Coma / Unresponsiveness Without rapid treatment, these conditions may cause irreversible brain injury, limb weakness, vision loss, breathing failure, or long-term neurological deficits. ### What Causes Neurological Emergencies? #### Vascular Brain Emergencies - stroke due to clot - brain bleed - aneurysm rupture - carotid blockage - hypertensive bleed #### Electrical & Seizure Emergencies - epilepsy flare - status epilepticus - metabolic seizure triggers - fever-related seizures - post-stroke seizures #### Infections & Pressure Emergencies - meningitis - encephalitis - brain abscess - raised brain pressure - cerebral edema #### Trauma & Spinal Emergencies - head injury - spinal cord compression - disc prolapse with weakness - traumatic brain injury - cervical spine injury ### Emergency Warning Signs That Need Immediate Neuro Care #### Common Emergency Symptoms - sudden one-sided weakness - slurred speech - facial droop - severe sudden headache - seizures - confusion - sudden vision loss - loss of balance - altered consciousness - neck stiffness Seek emergency care immediately if there is: - unconsciousness - seizure lasting > 5 minutes - repeated seizures - sudden paralysis - severe vomiting with headache - unequal pupils - inability to speak - breathing weakness - sudden bladder/bowel loss - rapidly worsening drowsiness Our neuro-emergency workup may include: - CT brain - MRI brain / spine - CT angiogram - EEG - lumbar puncture - neuro infection panel - ABG - electrolytes - emergency neurosurgical imaging - bedside neurological scoring Symptoms may overlap with: - migraine - low sodium - hypoglycemia - syncope - panic attack - intoxication - vertigo - metabolic encephalopathy ### Emergency Neuro Treatment Pathways #### Immediate Medical Stabilisation - airway and oxygen support - seizure control medications - thrombolysis for stroke - antibiotics / antivirals - osmotherapy for raised ICP - BP crisis control - electrolyte correction - ICU neurological monitoring #### Emergency Neuro Procedures Depending on the emergency: - stroke thrombolysis - mechanical thrombectomy - emergency craniotomy - burr hole decompression - ventricular drain placement - spinal decompression - aneurysm coiling / clipping - Neuro ICU ventilator support #### Critical Neuro Care Support - Neuro ICU monitoring - intracranial pressure monitoring - ventilator support - brain edema management - post-seizure monitoring - neuro rehab transition - swallowing and speech assessment #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What symptoms need immediate neurological emergency care? Sudden weakness, speech difficulty, seizures, severe headache, unconsciousness, sudden vision loss, or confusion need immediate evaluation. ##### Is a seizure always a neurological emergency? A first seizure, repeated seizures, or a seizure lasting more than 5 minutes is always an emergency. ##### Can severe headache indicate a brain emergency? Yes. A sudden “worst headache of life” may indicate brain bleeding, aneurysm rupture, or meningitis. ##### How fast should stroke treatment begin? Treatment should begin within the golden window (ideally 4.5 hours for clot-busting therapy) for the best outcome. ##### When is spinal weakness an emergency? Sudden limb weakness, numbness, bladder loss, or inability to walk may suggest spinal cord compression and needs urgent care. ## Respiratory Emergencies URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/respiratory-emergencies Emergency Medicine ### Respiratory Emergencies Rapid Action for Breathing Distress, Oxygen Failure, and Critical Lung Conditions Respiratory Emergencies are sudden life-threatening conditions that affect breathing, oxygen exchange, or airway patency, requiring immediate medical intervention to prevent organ damage, cardiac arrest, or death. These emergencies may include: - severe asthma attack - acute COPD exacerbation - pneumonia with low oxygen - acute respiratory failure - pulmonary edema - pulmonary embolism - choking / airway obstruction - aspiration - ARDS - toxic inhalation injuries At SRM PRIME, our 24/7 emergency pulmonology, critical care, ventilator support, bronchoscopy, and ICU teams are equipped for rapid oxygen stabilisation, nebulisation, airway protection, non-invasive ventilation, intubation, and advanced lung support. Acute respiratory failure is a true emergency and delayed treatment can be fatal. #### What are Respiratory Emergencies? Respiratory Emergencies are acute conditions where the body is unable to maintain adequate oxygen levels or remove carbon dioxide effectively. Common emergencies include: - Acute Respiratory Failure - Status Asthmaticus - COPD Exacerbation - Pulmonary Embolism - Acute Pulmonary Edema - ARDS - Upper Airway Obstruction - Aspiration Pneumonitis - Severe Allergic Airway Swelling - Smoke / Chemical Inhalation Injury Without urgent care, these may rapidly progress to cyanosis, altered consciousness, respiratory arrest, or multi-organ failure. ### What Causes Respiratory Emergencies? #### Airway Narrowing & Bronchospasm - severe asthma attack - COPD flare-up - allergic airway swelling - mucus plugging - severe wheeze #### Lung Infection & Oxygen Failure - severe pneumonia - viral lung infection - sepsis-related lung injury - aspiration pneumonia - ARDS #### Blood Flow & Fluid Emergencies - pulmonary embolism - heart failure causing pulmonary edema - acute fluid overload - post-surgical clot migration Higher risk is seen in: - asthma / COPD patients - elderly patients - smokers - ICU / post-surgical patients - immunocompromised patients - patients with heart failure - patients with obesity hypoventilation / sleep apnoea ### Emergency Breathing Warning Signs That Need Immediate Attention #### Common Emergency Symptoms - severe breathlessness - wheezing - rapid breathing - chest tightness - noisy breathing / stridor - inability to speak full sentences - coughing blood - blue lips or fingers - agitation or confusion Seek emergency care immediately if there is: - oxygen drop - gasping for air - silent chest in asthma - severe drowsiness - chest pain with breathlessness - collapse - no breathing / respiratory arrest - worsening breathlessness despite inhaler use Our respiratory emergency workup may include: - pulse oximetry - ABG - chest X-ray - CT chest / CT pulmonary angiography - ECG - D-dimer - sputum and infection panel - bedside lung ultrasound - ventilatory assessment Symptoms may overlap with: - panic attack - cardiac emergency - pneumothorax - severe anaemia - aspiration - metabolic acidosis - upper airway obstruction ### Emergency Respiratory Treatment Pathways #### Immediate Medical Stabilisation - oxygen therapy - nebulisation / bronchodilators - IV steroids - antibiotics when infection suspected - diuretics for pulmonary edema - anticoagulation for pulmonary embolism - airway suction and secretion clearance #### Advanced Airway & Ventilation Support Depending on severity: - High-flow nasal oxygen - BiPAP / CPAP - emergency intubation - mechanical ventilation - bronchoscopy for airway blockage - ECMO pathway for severe ARDS #### Critical Care Support - ICU ventilator monitoring - serial ABG tracking - sedation and airway protection - sepsis management - prone ventilation support - post-extubation recovery pathway #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What symptoms need immediate respiratory emergency care? Severe breathlessness, wheezing, blue lips, chest tightness, inability to speak, or sudden oxygen drop require urgent evaluation. ##### When does an asthma attack become an emergency? If symptoms worsen despite inhaler use, there is difficulty speaking, severe wheeze, or a silent chest, it is a medical emergency. ##### Can pneumonia cause a respiratory emergency? Yes. Severe pneumonia can rapidly reduce oxygen levels and may require ICU or ventilator support. ##### What is acute respiratory failure? It is a condition where the lungs cannot provide enough oxygen or remove carbon dioxide properly, often requiring immediate oxygen or ventilator support. ##### When is ICU care needed in respiratory emergencies? ICU is needed when oxygen levels remain low, breathing effort is severe, or ventilation support is required. ## Surgical & Post-Operative Care URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/surgical-post-operative-care Summary: • Major abdominal surgeries • Orthopaedic & trauma surgeries • Neurosurgical procedures Anaesthesiology ### Surgical & Post-Operative Care Surgical treatment does not end in the operating room. The recovery phase is equally important in ensuring safe healing, preventing complications, and helping patients return to normal life with confidence. At SRM PRIME, our Surgical & Post-Operative Care services in Chennai are designed to provide structured recovery supervision after minor, major, and minimally invasive procedures. From immediate post-anaesthesia monitoring to wound healing support, pain relief, mobility guidance, and discharge planning, our care pathways focus on smoother recovery and better long-term outcomes. This service is especially important for patients recovering from orthopaedic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, neuro, urology, gynaecology, and trauma-related procedures. #### What is Surgical & Post-Operative Care? What is Surgical & Post-Operative Care? Surgical & post-operative care refers to the specialised medical support provided before, during, and after surgery, with a major focus on the healing and recovery period after the procedure. This includes: - post-surgery monitoring - pain and medication support - wound and dressing management - drain and suture care - infection prevention - mobility progression - nutrition for healing - follow-up consultations - rehabilitation support - safe discharge transition The goal is to help patients recover safely, reduce hospital stay when possible, and prevent avoidable post-surgical complications. Recovery Challenges & Surgical Risk FactorsProcedure-Related Factors The type of surgery, duration of anaesthesia, blood loss, and surgical complexity can influence recovery speed and complication risk. Patient-Related Health Factors Recovery may take longer in patients with: - diabetes - obesity - hypertension - kidney disease - liver disease - smoking history - low immunity - poor nutritional status - advanced age Lifestyle & Healing Factors Sleep quality, hydration, mobility, smoking, alcohol use, and diet can significantly impact wound healing and recovery milestones. Key Post-Surgical Risk Factors Important complications that require close monitoring include: - wound infection - delayed healing - blood clots - respiratory difficulty - swelling and fluid retention - medication intolerance - severe pain - reduced mobility Recovery Symptoms to MonitorCommon Recovery Symptoms Some symptoms are expected after surgery and may include: - mild pain or soreness - swelling around incision site - tiredness or weakness - temporary reduced mobility - appetite changes - mild nausea - sleep disturbances Warning Signs Patients should seek urgent medical review if they notice: - fever - increasing redness around incision - pus or discharge - worsening pain - heavy bleeding - breathing difficulty - chest pain - severe vomiting - sudden swelling in legs Diagnosis / Monitoring During Recovery Post-operative monitoring includes: - vital signs observation - wound assessment - pain scoring - drain output review - mobility assessment - fluid balance - blood investigations - imaging if needed Differential Diagnosis Certain recovery symptoms may mimic: - infection - DVT - pulmonary embolism - medication reaction - internal bleeding - post-anaesthesia complications Our teams assess these carefully to ensure timely intervention. Surgical Recovery & Healing Support OptionsMedical Treatments - pain control medications - antibiotics where required - IV fluid support - anti-clot prevention therapy - wound dressings - drain management - electrolyte correction - nutritional optimisation Non-Pharmacological Treatments - early walking support - breathing exercises - physiotherapy - compression therapy - posture correction - mobility rehabilitation - diet progression planning Special Considerations High-risk patients may need: - ICU step-down recovery - diabetic wound care - advanced rehabilitation - long-term catheter or drain supervision - cardiac recovery monitoring - neuro post-operative observation #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What does post-operative care include? It includes wound care, pain management, medication support, mobility guidance, monitoring for complications, and scheduled follow-up visits. ##### How long does recovery take after surgery? Recovery depends on the type of procedure, age, health status, and how well the body heals. It can range from a few days to several weeks. ##### What symptoms after surgery need urgent attention? Fever, wound discharge, severe pain, breathing difficulty, chest pain, vomiting, or leg swelling require immediate review. ##### Is physiotherapy necessary after surgery? For many orthopaedic, neuro, and abdominal surgeries, physiotherapy helps restore movement, reduce stiffness, and speed up recovery. ##### Can elderly patients recover safely after surgery? Yes. With structured monitoring, nutrition support, and rehabilitation-led recovery, elderly patients can recover safely with reduced complication risk. ## Trauma and Injury Care URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/trauma-injuries Emergency Medicine ### Trauma and Injury Care Rapid Stabilisation and Advanced Treatment When Every Second Counts Trauma and Injury Care focuses on the rapid assessment, stabilisation, and treatment of sudden physical injuries caused by accidents, falls, sports incidents, workplace trauma, or violence. These conditions may involve: - fractures and dislocations - head injury / brain trauma - deep cuts and bleeding wounds - chest trauma - abdominal injury - spinal trauma - crush injuries - burns - multiple injuries (polytrauma) At SRM PRIME, our 24/7 trauma response, emergency surgery, orthopaedics, neurosurgery, radiology, blood bank, and ICU teams are equipped to deliver immediate life-saving intervention during the golden hour, when early treatment can significantly reduce mortality and long-term disability. #### What is Trauma and Injury Care? Trauma and Injury Care is the emergency medical management of serious physical injuries, especially when there is risk to: - airway - breathing - circulation - brain function - spinal stability - limb viability - internal organs The first priority is rapid trauma stabilisation using airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure (ABCDE) protocols, followed by imaging, surgery, fracture fixation, bleeding control, and rehabilitation planning. Common injury categories include: - blunt trauma - penetrating injuries - road traffic injuries - fall-related fractures - sports injuries - burn trauma - paediatric trauma - geriatric fall injuries ### What Causes Trauma and Injury Emergencies? #### Road Traffic & Travel Injuries - car and bike accidents - pedestrian injuries - highway trauma - rollover impact - seatbelt / dashboard injury #### Falls & Workplace Injuries - fall from height - stair fall - industrial trauma - machinery injury - heavy object crush injuries #### Sports & Lifestyle Injuries - ligament tears - fractures - shoulder dislocation - knee injuries - muscle rupture - impact head injury Higher risk is seen in: - elderly fall-risk patients - bikers and daily commuters - industrial workers - athletes - children - patients on blood thinners ### Emergency Injury Warning Signs That Need Immediate Attention #### Common Emergency Symptoms - severe pain - visible deformity - swelling - bleeding - inability to move limb - confusion after injury - dizziness - cuts or open wounds - difficulty standing - burn pain Seek emergency care immediately if there is: - loss of consciousness - uncontrolled bleeding - breathing difficulty after chest injury - severe neck or back pain - numbness or weakness - exposed bone - severe abdominal pain after trauma - repeated vomiting after head injury - limb coldness / no pulse Our trauma workup may include: - trauma primary survey - FAST ultrasound - X-ray - CT brain - CT whole body trauma scan - MRI spine - fracture imaging - blood grouping and crossmatch - wound depth assessment Symptoms may overlap with: - muscle sprain - ligament injury - nerve compression - concussion - internal bleeding - compartment syndrome ### Emergency Trauma Treatment Pathways #### Immediate Medical Stabilisation - airway support - oxygen therapy - cervical spine immobilisation - bleeding control - IV fluids / blood transfusion - pain relief - splinting - wound dressing - burn cooling support #### Emergency Surgical & Orthopaedic Procedures Depending on severity: - fracture fixation - external fixator placement - emergency craniotomy - wound exploration - internal bleeding surgery - chest tube insertion - burn debridement - tendon / nerve repair - limb salvage surgery #### Critical Care & Rehabilitation - Trauma ICU monitoring - ventilator support - neuro observation - physiotherapy - gait rehabilitation - occupational therapy - scar and wound care follow-up #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What injuries need immediate trauma care? Head injury, severe bleeding, fractures, burns, chest injury, abdominal trauma, spinal pain, or loss of consciousness need urgent trauma evaluation. ##### What is the golden hour in trauma care? The first 60 minutes after major injury are critical, as rapid treatment greatly improves survival and recovery. ##### Can trauma care save limbs after accidents? Yes. Early vascular repair, fracture fixation, and soft tissue management can help preserve limb function. ##### When is a fracture considered an emergency? Open fractures, severe deformity, loss of pulse, numbness, or inability to move the limb require immediate care. ##### Do all head injuries need CT scan? Not all, but head injuries with vomiting, drowsiness, loss of consciousness, or severe headache often require urgent brain imaging. --- # Conditions: Diabetes & Hormones ## Bone Health Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/bone-health-conditions Endocrinology ### Bone Health Conditions Early Screening and Expert Care to Protect Strength, Mobility, and Fracture Risk Bone Health Conditions affect the strength, density, structure, and resilience of bones, increasing the risk of fractures, posture changes, chronic pain, and reduced mobility. The most common conditions include: - osteoporosis - osteopenia - vitamin D deficiency–related bone weakness - calcium deficiency bone loss - post-menopausal bone thinning - age-related fragile bones - stress fractures - metabolic bone disorders At SRM PRIME, our orthopaedic, rheumatology, and preventive care teams provide bone density screening, DEXA-based fracture risk assessment, calcium and vitamin D correction, osteoporosis treatment, and long-term bone-strength preservation plans. Many bone conditions remain silent until a fracture occurs, making early screening critical—especially in women after menopause and adults over 50. #### What are Bone Health Conditions? Bone Health Conditions are disorders that reduce the density, mineral quality, or structural integrity of bones, making them more likely to bend, crack, or fracture. This may involve: - osteoporosis – significant bone density loss - osteopenia – early low bone mass - metabolic bone weakness - vertebral compression risk - hip fracture risk - brittle bones - slow fracture healing - mineral imbalance Untreated bone loss can affect the spine, hips, wrists, shoulders, knees, and overall posture, often leading to pain, height loss, and repeated fractures. ### What Causes Bone Health Conditions? #### Age & Hormonal Bone Loss - menopause-related estrogen loss - aging - testosterone decline - post-menopausal bone thinning - elderly bone density reduction #### Nutrition & Deficiency Causes - vitamin D deficiency - low calcium intake - malabsorption - poor protein intake - low sunlight exposure #### Medical & Lifestyle Risk Factors - sedentary lifestyle - smoking - alcohol excess - steroid use - thyroid disorders - kidney disease - rheumatoid arthritis Higher risk is seen in: - women above 45 - post-menopausal women - elderly adults - patients with fracture history - long-term steroid users - patients with chronic arthritis - low BMI patients ### Symptoms of Bone Health Conditions #### Common Symptoms Many early cases are silent, but symptoms may include: - bone pain - back pain - height loss - stooped posture - recurrent fractures - wrist or hip fractures - weakness after minor falls - slow fracture healing Seek early evaluation if there is: - fracture after minor trauma - sudden severe back pain - visible height reduction - repeated stress fractures - hip pain after fall - spine curvature changes - prolonged bone pain - difficulty standing upright Our bone health workup may include: - DEXA bone density scan - vitamin D - calcium and phosphorus - parathyroid profile - thyroid profile - bone turnover markers - fracture risk scoring - spine X-ray - MRI for stress fractures Symptoms may overlap with: - osteoarthritis - muscle weakness - spinal degeneration - vitamin B12 deficiency - inflammatory arthritis - metastatic bone disease ### Treatment for Bone Health Conditions #### Medical Management Treatment may include: - calcium supplementation - vitamin D therapy - osteoporosis medications - bone resorption blockers - anabolic bone therapy - hormone-related bone support - pain management #### Lifestyle & Bone Strength Support - weight-bearing exercise - strength training - fall prevention - posture correction - sunlight optimisation - nutrition support - fracture prevention counselling #### Advanced Bone Care Depending on severity: - fracture prevention clinic - vertebral compression fracture care - kyphoplasty referral - fall-risk rehab - women’s post-menopause bone programme - orthopaedic fracture prevention support #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the most common bone health condition? Osteoporosis is one of the most common bone health disorders, especially in post-menopausal women and older adults. ##### Can vitamin D deficiency weaken bones? Yes. Vitamin D deficiency reduces calcium absorption and can significantly weaken bones. ##### When should I get a bone density test? Bone density screening is strongly recommended for women after menopause, adults above 50, and anyone with fracture risk factors. ##### Can weak bones be strengthened again? Yes. Early treatment with medications, exercise, vitamin correction, and fall prevention can improve bone strength and reduce fracture risk. ##### Why do minor falls cause fractures in osteoporosis? Low bone density reduces bone strength, so even small falls or twists can lead to fractures. ## Diabetes and Related Complications URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/diabetes-and-related-complications Endocrinology ### Diabetes and Related Complications Preventing Long-Term Damage Through Early Sugar Control Diabetes is a chronic metabolic condition where the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot use insulin effectively, leading to persistently high blood sugar levels. Over time, uncontrolled diabetes can silently damage multiple organs and blood vessels. The most common long-term complications affect: - heart and blood vessels - kidneys - nerves - eyes - feet - brain - skin and wound healing At SRM PRIME, our multidisciplinary diabetes programme offers advanced sugar control, complication screening, kidney and eye protection, diabetic foot care, neuropathy management, cardiac risk reduction, and emergency diabetic crisis support. Early detection is crucial because many diabetes complications begin silently before symptoms become obvious. #### What are Diabetes-Related Complications? Diabetes-related complications are health problems caused by prolonged high blood glucose damaging small and large blood vessels, nerves, and organs. These may include: - diabetic neuropathy - diabetic nephropathy - diabetic retinopathy - diabetic foot ulcers - peripheral artery disease - heart attack and stroke risk - delayed wound healing - recurrent infections - erectile dysfunction - diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) - severe hypoglycemia Good glucose control, BP management, and regular screening can significantly delay or prevent these complications. ### What Causes Diabetes Complications? #### Persistent High Blood Sugar Long-term elevated sugar damages blood vessels and nerves, reducing healthy blood flow to vital organs. #### Associated Lifestyle Risk Factors - obesity - physical inactivity - smoking - unhealthy diet - poor sleep - chronic stress #### Medical Risk Factors - high blood pressure - high cholesterol - kidney disease - obesity-related insulin resistance - long duration of diabetes - missed medications - repeated sugar fluctuations Higher risk is seen in: - long-standing diabetes patients - insulin-dependent patients - elderly diabetics - smokers - patients with hypertension - patients with previous diabetic foot wounds ### Symptoms of Diabetes and Organ Damage #### Common Symptoms - excessive thirst - frequent urination - fatigue - blurred vision - numbness in feet - burning sensation in legs - slow-healing wounds - swelling in feet - repeated infections Seek urgent evaluation if there is: - sudden vision loss - blackened toes - foot ulcer with discharge - severe low sugar with confusion - fruity breath with vomiting - chest pain in diabetics - reduced urine output - severe leg numbness Our diabetes complication workup may include: - HbA1c - fasting and postprandial sugar - kidney profile - urine microalbumin - retina screening - foot Doppler - neuropathy assessment - ECG / Echo - lipid profile - ABI circulation test Symptoms may overlap with: - vitamin deficiency neuropathy - kidney disease - retinal disorders - PAD - thyroid disorders - B12 deficiency - stroke ### Treatment for Diabetes and Related Complications #### Medical Management - insulin therapy - oral diabetes medications - GLP-1 / SGLT2-based therapy - BP control - cholesterol reduction - neuropathy pain treatment - kidney protection medicines - infection control #### Lifestyle & Organ Protection - diabetic diet planning - weight reduction - supervised exercise - smoking cessation - daily foot care - retina checkups - kidney monitoring - hydration and meal timing guidance #### Advanced Complication Care Depending on organ involvement: - diabetic foot ulcer care - wound debridement - laser retina treatment - dialysis pathway - vascular intervention for poor circulation - cardiac risk management - DKA / HHS emergency stabilisation - limb salvage support Acute diabetic emergencies such as DKA, HHS, and severe hypoglycemia need immediate hospital treatment. #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the most common complication of diabetes? Nerve damage in the feet (diabetic neuropathy) and kidney damage are among the most common complications. ##### Can diabetes damage the kidneys? Yes. Long-term uncontrolled sugar can damage kidney filters and may eventually lead to kidney failure. ##### Why do diabetics get foot ulcers? Poor blood flow, nerve damage, and reduced sensation make minor cuts worsen into ulcers. ##### Can diabetes affect the heart? Yes. Diabetes significantly increases the risk of heart attack, stroke, and blocked arteries. ##### How often should diabetics be screened for complications? HbA1c, kidney tests, retina checks, and foot screening are usually recommended at regular intervals based on risk. ## Hormonal Imbalances URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/hormonal-imbalances Endocrinology ### Hormonal Imbalances Early Diagnosis and Expert Hormone Care for Better Energy, Mood, and Metabolic Health Hormonal Imbalances happen when the body has too much or too little of one or more hormones, affecting metabolism, reproductive health, mood, sleep, skin, hair, weight, and overall wellbeing. Because hormones regulate multiple body systems, even a small imbalance may lead to symptoms such as: - irregular periods - fatigue - unexplained weight gain or weight loss - acne - hair fall - mood swings - low libido - poor sleep - infertility concerns - sugar fluctuations At SRM PRIME, our endocrinology and hormone health specialists provide comprehensive hormone testing, reproductive hormone evaluation, insulin resistance screening, PCOS management, menopause support, testosterone assessment, and long-term metabolic balance care. Many people mistake hormone issues for stress, poor sleep, thyroid disease, menopause, or lifestyle fatigue, leading to delayed diagnosis. #### What are Hormonal Imbalances? Hormonal Imbalances are conditions in which the endocrine system produces abnormal levels of hormones or the body does not respond to hormones effectively. This may involve: - insulin imbalance - estrogen / progesterone imbalance - testosterone deficiency - cortisol excess or deficiency - prolactin imbalance - PCOS-related androgen excess - pituitary hormone disorders - adrenal hormone changes - thyroid overlap disorders These imbalances can affect: - metabolism - menstrual health - fertility - muscle mass - skin and hair - sleep cycles - mood and stress response - bone health ### What Causes Hormonal Imbalances? #### Reproductive Hormone Changes - PCOS - perimenopause - menopause - puberty changes - pregnancy / postpartum hormone shifts #### Metabolic & Endocrine Causes - insulin resistance - thyroid disorders - adrenal dysfunction - pituitary imbalance - obesity-related hormone changes - diabetes overlap #### Lifestyle & Stress Triggers - chronic stress - poor sleep - crash dieting - excessive exercise - weight gain - medications - steroid use - shift-work sleep disruption Higher risk is seen in: - women with irregular periods - patients with infertility - perimenopausal women - men with low testosterone symptoms - obese patients - chronic stress patients - postpartum mothers ### Symptoms of Hormonal Imbalances #### Common Symptoms - irregular periods - acne - hair thinning - weight changes - mood swings - fatigue - hot flashes - low sex drive - sleep disturbances - excessive facial hair (in PCOS) Seek specialist evaluation if there is: - missed periods for months - sudden rapid weight gain - infertility - milk discharge from breast - severe hot flashes - severe fatigue - sudden hair loss - erectile dysfunction - unexplained anxiety or palpitations Our hormonal workup may include: - hormone profile - fasting insulin - HbA1c - LH / FSH - estrogen / progesterone - testosterone - prolactin - cortisol - thyroid profile - pelvic ultrasound - pituitary imaging when needed Symptoms may overlap with: - thyroid disease - diabetes - PCOS - menopause - anaemia - vitamin deficiency - depression - adrenal disorders ### Treatment for Hormonal Imbalances #### Medical Management Treatment depends on the underlying hormone issue and may include: - hormone replacement therapy - PCOS management - insulin-sensitising therapy - testosterone replacement (when indicated) - prolactin-lowering medicines - adrenal support treatment - cycle regulation therapy #### Lifestyle & Hormone Balance Support - weight management - sleep optimisation - stress reduction - anti-inflammatory nutrition guidance - strength training - insulin resistance diet - fertility-focused lifestyle planning #### Advanced Hormone Care Depending on the condition: - menopause hormone care - PCOS fertility pathway - pituitary tumour referral - adrenal hormone evaluation - reproductive endocrinology support - men’s hormone clinic support - long-term metabolic monitoring #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the most common hormonal imbalance? PCOS, thyroid overlap, menopause-related hormone shifts, and insulin resistance are among the most common hormonal imbalances. ##### Can hormonal imbalance cause weight gain? Yes. Insulin resistance, cortisol excess, low thyroid overlap, and estrogen imbalance can all contribute to weight gain. ##### Can hormones affect skin and hair? Yes. Hormone fluctuations commonly cause acne, hair thinning, pigmentation, and increased facial hair. ##### Do hormonal imbalances affect fertility? Yes. Ovulation disorders, PCOS, prolactin issues, and low testosterone can affect fertility in both women and men. ##### When should I get hormone tests done? If you have irregular periods, fatigue, acne, fertility concerns, weight changes, low libido, or persistent mood changes, hormone testing is recommended. ## Thyroid Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/thyroid-disorders Endocrinology ### Thyroid Disorders Early Diagnosis and Expert Care for Hormone Imbalance and Thyroid Health Thyroid Disorders are conditions where the thyroid gland produces too much, too little, or irregular amounts of thyroid hormones, affecting metabolism, heart rate, energy, temperature control, weight, skin, hair, menstrual cycles, and overall wellbeing. The most common thyroid conditions include: - hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) - hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid) - Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - Graves’ disease - goiter - thyroid nodules - thyroiditis - pregnancy-related thyroid imbalance At SRM PRIME, our endocrinology and hormone health specialists provide TSH-based screening, thyroid profile testing, ultrasound-guided evaluation, autoimmune thyroid care, medication management, and long-term hormone balance monitoring. Because thyroid issues often mimic fatigue, stress, menopause, weight gain, anxiety, or hair loss, many cases go undiagnosed for long periods. #### What are Thyroid Disorders? Thyroid Disorders are medical conditions that affect the small butterfly-shaped thyroid gland in the front of the neck, which controls the body’s metabolism through the hormones T3 and T4. These disorders may cause: - slow metabolism - fast metabolism - thyroid enlargement - hormone fluctuations - neck swelling - nodules - autoimmune inflammation - menstrual irregularities - fertility-related hormone issues If untreated, thyroid disorders may impact the heart, cholesterol, bones, fertility, pregnancy, and mental health. ### What Causes Thyroid Disorders? #### Autoimmune Thyroid Disease The most common causes include: - Hashimoto’s thyroiditis - Graves’ disease - autoimmune thyroid antibodies - postpartum thyroiditis #### Iodine, Nodules & Structural Causes - iodine deficiency - multinodular goiter - thyroid nodules - gland enlargement - post-radiation thyroid damage #### Hormonal & Medication Triggers - pregnancy and postpartum changes - menopause overlap - lithium - amiodarone - cancer radiation - thyroid surgery Higher risk is seen in: - women - postpartum mothers - patients with autoimmune disease - family history of thyroid disease - patients after neck radiation - middle-aged adults ### Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders #### Common Symptoms Depending on whether the thyroid is slow or overactive: - fatigue - unexplained weight gain or loss - hair fall - dry skin - heat or cold intolerance - constipation or loose stools - palpitations - anxiety - irregular periods - neck swelling Seek urgent evaluation if there is: - rapidly enlarging neck swelling - difficulty swallowing - fast irregular heartbeat - sudden severe weight loss - severe fatigue with swelling - voice changes - eye bulging - severe tremors Our thyroid workup may include: - TSH - Free T3 / T4 - Anti-TPO antibodies - thyroid ultrasound - thyroid scan - FNAC for nodules - lipid profile - fertility hormone evaluation Symptoms may overlap with: - menopause - PCOS - depression - anxiety disorder - anaemia - vitamin deficiency - diabetes - adrenal disorders ### Treatment for Thyroid Disorders #### Medical Management Treatment depends on the condition and may include: - thyroid hormone replacement - anti-thyroid medications - beta blockers for symptom control - iodine correction - autoimmune monitoring #### Lifestyle & Hormone Support - nutrition and iodine guidance - weight management - stress reduction - sleep optimisation - pregnancy thyroid monitoring - bone and heart risk screening #### Advanced Thyroid Care Depending on severity: - radioiodine therapy - thyroid nodule FNAC - goiter management - thyroid surgery referral - pregnancy-safe thyroid protocols - long-term autoimmune thyroid follow-up #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What is the most common thyroid disorder? Hypothyroidism, especially due to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, is one of the most common thyroid disorders. ##### Can thyroid disorders cause weight gain? Yes. Underactive thyroid commonly slows metabolism and can lead to weight gain. ##### Why does thyroid disease cause hair fall? Hormonal imbalance affects hair growth cycles, often causing thinning or hair loss. ##### Can thyroid problems affect periods and fertility? Yes. Both hypo- and hyperthyroidism can affect menstrual cycles, ovulation, and fertility. ##### When should thyroid swelling be checked? Any persistent neck swelling, nodule, or difficulty swallowing should be evaluated early. --- # Conditions: Cancer ## Blood Cancers URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/blood-cancers Oncology ### Blood Cancers • Leukaemia • Lymphoma • Multiple myeloma ## Breast Cancer URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/breast-cancer Oncology ### Breast Cancer • Early-stage & advanced breast cancer • Triple-negative breast cancer • HER2-positive breast cancer • Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer ## Gastrointestinal Cancers URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/gastrointestinal-cancers Oncology ### Gastrointestinal Cancers • Colorectal cancer • Gastric cancer • Oesophageal cancer • Pancreatic & liver cancers ## Gynaecological Cancers URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/gynaecological-cancers Oncology ### Gynaecological Cancers • Cervical cancer • Ovarian cancer • Endometrial cancer ## Head & Neck Cancers URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/head-neck-cancers Oncology ### Head & Neck Cancers • Oral cancer • Thyroid cancer • Laryngeal & pharyngeal cancers ## Lung Cancer URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/lung-cancer Oncology ### Lung Cancer • Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) • Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) • Targeted therapy-based lung cancer treatment --- # Conditions: Lungs & Breathing ## Airway Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/airway-disorders Summary: Asthma COPD Chronic cough Allergic bronchitis Pulmonology ### Airway Disorders Asthma COPD Chronic cough Allergic bronchitis Asthma COPD Chronic cough Allergic bronchitis ## Chronic Lung Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/chronic-lung-conditions Summary: Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis Lung nodules Sarcoidosis Pulmonology ### Chronic Lung Conditions Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis Lung nodules Sarcoidosis Interstitial lung disease Pulmonary fibrosis Lung nodules Sarcoidosis ## Emergency Respiratory Issues URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/emergency-respiratory-issues Summary: Severe breathlessness ARDS Respiratory failure Pleural effusion Pulmonology ### Emergency Respiratory Issues Severe breathlessness ARDS Respiratory failure Pleural effusion Severe breathlessness ARDS Respiratory failure Pleural effusion ## Lung Infections URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/lung-infections Summary: Pneumonia Tuberculosis Post-COVID fibrosis Fungal infections Pulmonology ### Lung Infections Pneumonia Tuberculosis Post-COVID fibrosis Fungal infections Pneumonia Tuberculosis Post-COVID fibrosis Fungal infections ## Sleep-Related Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/sleep-related-conditions Summary: Obstructive sleep apnoea Snoring Sleep disturbances Pulmonology ### Sleep-Related Conditions Obstructive sleep apnoea Snoring Sleep disturbances Obstructive sleep apnoea Snoring Sleep disturbances --- # Conditions: Bones, Joints & Spine ## Bone Health Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/bone-health-disorders Summary: • Osteoporosis • Stress fractures • Bone density loss All care is delivered using structured orthopaedic treatments and multidisciplinary planning. Orthopaedics ### Bone Health Disorders • Osteoporosis • Stress fractures • Bone density loss All care is delivered using structured orthopaedic treatments and multidisciplinary planning. • Osteoporosis • Stress fractures • Bone density loss All care is delivered using structured orthopaedic treatments and multidisciplinary planning. ## Fractures and Trauma URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/fractures-and-trauma Summary: • Simple & complex fractures • Sports trauma • Road traffic accident injuries Orthopaedics ### Fractures and Trauma • Simple & complex fractures • Sports trauma • Road traffic accident injuries • Simple & complex fractures • Sports trauma • Road traffic accident injuries ## Joint Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/joint-disorders Summary: • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis • Joint stiffness & swelling • Cartilage damage Orthopaedics ### Joint Disorders • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis • Joint stiffness & swelling • Cartilage damage • Osteoarthritis • Rheumatoid arthritis • Joint stiffness & swelling • Cartilage damage ## Spine Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/spine-conditions Summary: • Back pain • Neck pain • Disc prolapse • Sciatica Orthopaedics ### Spine Conditions • Back pain • Neck pain • Disc prolapse • Sciatica • Back pain • Neck pain • Disc prolapse • Sciatica ## Sports and Soft Tissue Injuries URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/sports-and-soft-tissue-injuries Summary: • ACL / PCL tears • Meniscus injuries • Rotator cuff tears • Tennis elbow & golfer’s elbow Orthopaedics ### Sports and Soft Tissue Injuries • ACL / PCL tears • Meniscus injuries • Rotator cuff tears • Tennis elbow & golfer’s elbow • ACL / PCL tears • Meniscus injuries • Rotator cuff tears • Tennis elbow & golfer’s elbow --- # Conditions: Surgery & Digestive Health ## Anorectal Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/anorectal-conditions Summary: • Piles • Fissure • Fistula General Surgery ### Anorectal Conditions • Piles • Fissure • Fistula - Piles - Fissure - Fistula ## Breast and Thyroid Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/breast-and-thyroid-conditions Summary: • Breast lumps • Thyroid nodules General Surgery ### Breast and Thyroid Conditions • Breast lumps • Thyroid nodules - Breast lumps - Thyroid nodules ## Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/gastrointestinal-hepatobiliary-disorders Summary: • Biliary obstruction • Gastrointestinal bleeding All procedures follow international safety protocols and evidence-based practices. Imaging & Interventional Radiology ### Gastrointestinal & Hepatobiliary Disorders • Biliary obstruction • Gastrointestinal bleeding All procedures follow international safety protocols and evidence-based practices. - Biliary obstruction - Gastrointestinal bleeding All procedures follow international safety protocols and evidence-based practices. ## Gastrointestinal Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/gastrointestinal-conditions Summary: • Appendicitis • Gallstones • Intestinal disorders General Surgery ### Gastrointestinal Conditions • Appendicitis • Gallstones • Intestinal disorders - Appendicitis - Gallstones - Intestinal disorders ## Hernias URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/hernias Summary: • Inguinal, umbilical, and incisional hernias General Surgery ### Hernias • Inguinal, umbilical, and incisional hernias - Inguinal, umbilical, and incisional hernias ## Infections & Fluid Collections URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/infections-fluid-collections Summary: • Abscesses • Pleural & abdominal fluid collections Imaging & Interventional Radiology ### Infections & Fluid Collections • Abscesses • Pleural & abdominal fluid collections - Abscesses - Pleural & abdominal fluid collections ## Soft Tissue Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/soft-tissue-conditions Summary: • Lipomas • Abscesses • Infected wounds All treatments follow standard protocols used in the best general surgery hospital in India. General Surgery ### Soft Tissue Conditions - Lipomas - Abscesses - Infected wounds All treatments follow standard protocols used in the best general surgery hospital in India. ## Surgical & Post-Operative Care URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/surgical-and-post-operative-care Summary: Surgical & Post-Operative Care at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — structured recovery, wound care, pain management, mobility support, and safe discharge planning. General Surgery ### Surgical & Post-Operative Care Structured recovery supervision after surgery — from post-anaesthesia monitoring to wound care, pain relief, mobility, and safe discharge — for smoother healing and better outcomes. Surgical treatment does not end in the operating room. The recovery phase is equally important in ensuring safe healing, preventing complications, and helping patients return to normal life with confidence. At SRM PRIME, our Surgical & Post-Operative Care services in Chennai are designed to provide structured recovery supervision after minor, major, and minimally invasive procedures. From immediate post-anaesthesia monitoring to wound healing support, pain relief, mobility guidance, and discharge planning, our care pathways focus on smoother recovery and better long-term outcomes. This service is especially important for patients recovering from orthopaedic, gastrointestinal, cardiac, neuro, urology, gynaecology, and trauma-related procedures. #### What is Surgical & Post-Operative Care? Surgical & post-operative care refers to the specialised medical support provided before, during, and after surgery, with a major focus on the healing and recovery period after the procedure. This includes: - post-surgery monitoring - pain and medication support - wound and dressing management - drain and suture care - infection prevention - mobility progression - nutrition for healing - follow-up consultations - rehabilitation support - safe discharge transition The goal is to help patients recover safely, reduce hospital stay when possible, and prevent avoidable post-surgical complications. #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### What does post-operative care include? It includes wound care, pain management, medication support, mobility guidance, monitoring for complications, and scheduled follow-up visits. ##### How long does recovery take after surgery? Recovery depends on the type of procedure, age, health status, and how well the body heals. It can range from a few days to several weeks. ##### What symptoms after surgery need urgent attention? Fever, wound discharge, severe pain, breathing difficulty, chest pain, vomiting, or leg swelling require immediate review. ##### Is physiotherapy necessary after surgery? For many orthopaedic, neuro, and abdominal surgeries, physiotherapy helps restore movement, reduce stiffness, and speed up recovery. ##### Can elderly patients recover safely after surgery? Yes. With structured monitoring, nutrition support, and rehabilitation-led recovery, elderly patients can recover safely with reduced complication risk. ## Tumours & Masses URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/tumours-masses Summary: • Liver lesions • Soft tissue masses • Lymph node enlargements Imaging & Interventional Radiology ### Tumours & Masses - Liver lesions - Soft tissue masses - Lymph node enlargements ## Vascular Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/vascular-conditions Summary: • Peripheral artery disease • Venous thrombosis • Dialysis access issues Imaging & Interventional Radiology ### Vascular Conditions • Peripheral artery disease • Venous thrombosis • Dialysis access issues - Peripheral artery disease - Venous thrombosis - Dialysis access issues --- # Conditions: Kidney, Bladder & Prostate ## Bladder & Urinary Issues URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/bladder-urinary-issues Summary: UTIs Urinary leakage Painful urination Blood in urine Urology ### Bladder & Urinary Issues UTIs Urinary leakage Painful urination Blood in urine UTIs Urinary leakage Painful urination Blood in urine ## Functional & Structural Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/functional-structural-disorders Summary: Urethral strictures Voiding dysfunction All treatments follow evidence-based medical protocols. Urology ### Functional & Structural Disorders Urethral strictures Voiding dysfunction All treatments follow evidence-based medical protocols. Urethral strictures Voiding dysfunction All treatments follow evidence-based medical protocols. ## Kidney & Stone Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/kidney-stone-disorders Summary: Kidney stones Ureteric obstruction Recurrent stone disease Urology ### Kidney & Stone Disorders Kidney stones Ureteric obstruction Recurrent stone disease Kidney stones Ureteric obstruction Recurrent stone disease ## Male Reproductive Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/male-reproductive-conditions Summary: Erectile dysfunction Infertility Varicocele Urology ### Male Reproductive Conditions Erectile dysfunction Infertility Varicocele Erectile dysfunction Infertility Varicocele ## Prostate Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/prostate-conditions Summary: Enlarged prostate (BPH) Prostatitis Urinary symptoms related to prostate Urology ### Prostate Conditions Enlarged prostate (BPH) Prostatitis Urinary symptoms related to prostate Enlarged prostate (BPH) Prostatitis Urinary symptoms related to prostate --- # Conditions: Ear, Nose, Throat, Eyes & Mouth ## Cataract & Age-Related Eye Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/cataract-age-related-eye-conditions Summary: • Cataract • Presbyopia Ophthalmology ### Cataract & Age-Related Eye Conditions • Cataract • Presbyopia • Cataract • Presbyopia ## Dental & Oral Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/dental-oral-conditions Summary: • Impacted teeth • Dental abscess • Oral infections • Gum diseases Oral & Craniomaxillofacial Surgery ### Dental & Oral Conditions • Impacted teeth • Dental abscess • Oral infections • Gum diseases • Impacted teeth • Dental abscess • Oral infections • Gum diseases ## Ear Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/ear-conditions Summary: • Hearing loss • Ear discharge • Vertigo ENT ### Ear Conditions - Hearing loss - Ear discharge - Vertigo ## Eye Infections & Injuries URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/eye-infections-injuries Summary: • Conjunctivitis • Corneal infections • Eye trauma All care is delivered using evidence-based ophthalmology protocols. Ophthalmology ### Eye Infections & Injuries • Conjunctivitis • Corneal infections • Eye trauma All care is delivered using evidence-based ophthalmology protocols. • Conjunctivitis • Corneal infections • Eye trauma All care is delivered using evidence-based ophthalmology protocols. ## Glaucoma & Pressure-Related Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/glaucoma-pressure-related-disorders Summary: • Open-angle glaucoma • Eye pressure abnormalities Ophthalmology ### Glaucoma & Pressure-Related Disorders • Open-angle glaucoma • Eye pressure abnormalities • Open-angle glaucoma • Eye pressure abnormalities ## Head & Neck Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/head-neck-conditions Summary: • Thyroid swellings • Salivary gland disorders • Neck lumps All treatments follow evidence-based ENT protocols used by leading best ENT hospitals in Chennai. ENT ### Head & Neck Conditions - Thyroid swellings - Salivary gland disorders - Neck lumps All treatments follow evidence-based ENT protocols used by leading best ENT hospitals in Chennai. ## Jaw & Facial Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/jaw-facial-disorders Oral & Craniomaxillofacial Surgery ### Jaw & Facial Disorders • Facial fractures • Jaw cysts and tumors • TMJ disorders ## Nose & Sinus Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/nose-sinus-conditions Summary: • Sinus infections • Nasal blockage • Allergic rhinitis ENT ### Nose & Sinus Conditions - Sinus infections - Nasal blockage - Allergic rhinitis ## Oral Pathologies URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/oral-pathologies Oral & Craniomaxillofacial Surgery ### Oral Pathologies • Oral ulcers • Suspicious oral lesions All procedures follow strict safety protocols and international standards of dental care. ## Refractive & Common Eye Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/refractive-common-eye-disorders Summary: • Myopia, hyperopia & astigmatism • Eye strain & dryness • Allergic eye conditions Ophthalmology ### Refractive & Common Eye Disorders • Myopia, hyperopia & astigmatism • Eye strain & dryness • Allergic eye conditions • Myopia, hyperopia & astigmatism • Eye strain & dryness • Allergic eye conditions ## Retina & Vision-Threatening Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/retina-vision-threatening-disorders Summary: • Diabetic retinopathy • Retinal degeneration Ophthalmology ### Retina & Vision-Threatening Disorders • Diabetic retinopathy • Retinal degeneration • Diabetic retinopathy • Retinal degeneration ## Throat Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/throat-conditions Summary: • Tonsillitis • Voice change • Throat infections ENT ### Throat Conditions - Tonsillitis - Voice change - Throat infections --- # Conditions: Skin, Hair & Nails ## Hair Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/hair-disorders Dermatology ### Hair Disorders #### Introduction - Hair loss - Alopecia areata - Scalp conditions ## Nail Disorders URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/nail-disorders Dermatology ### Nail Disorders #### Introduction - Fungal nail infections - Brittle or discoloured nails ## Pigmentation & Cosmetic Issues URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pigmentation-cosmetic-issues Dermatology ### Pigmentation & Cosmetic Issues #### Introduction - Melasma - Dark spots - Uneven skin tone All treatments follow dermatology best practices and personalised care pathways. ## Skin Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/skin-conditions Dermatology ### Skin Conditions #### Introduction - Acne - Psoriasis - Eczema - Skin allergies --- # Conditions: Women's & Children's Health ## Conditions Managed URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/conditions-managed Summary: The hospital regularly handles: Pregnancy-related complications such as gestational diabetes and hypertension Placenta-related conditions and preterm labour PCOS, fibroids, and endometriosis Chronic pelvic infections Gynaecological cancers All treatments follow established practices used by the… Obstetrics & Gynaecology ### Conditions Managed The hospital regularly handles: Pregnancy-related complications such as gestational diabetes and hypertension Placenta-related conditions and preterm labour PCOS, fibroids, and endometriosis Chronic pelvic infections Gynaecological cancers All treatments follow established practices used by the best hospitals for gynaecology. The hospital regularly handles: - Pregnancy-related complications such as gestational diabetes and hypertension - Placenta-related conditions and preterm labour - PCOS, fibroids, and endometriosis - Chronic pelvic infections - Gynaecological cancers All treatments follow established practices used by the best hospitals for gynaecology. ## Newborn Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/newborn-conditions Paediatrics & Neonatology ### Newborn Conditions - Prematurity - Jaundice - Feeding difficulties - Respiratory distress - Neonatal infections ## Paediatric Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pediatric-conditions Paediatrics & Neonatology ### Paediatric Conditions - Fever, cold, and cough - Asthma and allergies - Digestive issues - Nutritional deficiencies - Developmental delays ## Paediatric Emergencies URL: https://srmhospitals.com/diseases-and-conditions/pediatric-emergencies Summary: Seizures Breathing difficulty Dehydration Accidental injuries Paediatrics & Neonatology ### Paediatric Emergencies #### Introduction - Seizures - Breathing difficulty - Dehydration - Accidental injuries --- # Doctors: Heart and Brain ## Dr. Ramachandran P URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-ramachandran-p Summary: Dr. Ramachandran P is an experienced Interventional Cardiologist with extensive ex - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Interventional Cardiology - **Experience:** 23+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 15:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Ramachandran P is an experienced Interventional Cardiologist with extensive experience in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary, peripheral and structural heart disease. A specialist in the most demanding areas of cardiac intervention, he brings extensive experience in complex coronary and peripheral interventions, with a strong command of imaging-guided procedures that allow every intervention to be performed with exceptional precision. He is particularly adept at managing complex high-risk coronary interventions (CHIP), including cases supported by mechanical circulatory devices. His procedural repertoire reflects the full breadth of modern interventional cardiology. He is proficient in advanced calcium-modification techniques such as Rotablation and Orbital Atherectomy, and skilled in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), ASD and PDA device closure, IVC filter implantation, and dual chamber pacemaker and ICD implantation. This lets him offer patients seamless, comprehensive care for coronary, structural, peripheral and rhythm disorders under one expert hand. A committed academician, Dr. Ramachandran has presented papers and posters at CSI conferences and in leading journals, and his excellence has been recognised through the Dr. Sivarajan Gold Medal in Cardiology, an All India Quiz Runner-up title, and the Best Case Presentation award at Imaging PCI Chennai 2018. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Ramachandran P? You can book an appointment with Dr. Ramachandran P by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Ramachandran P practice? Dr. Ramachandran P practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Ramachandran P? Dr. Ramachandran P is an experienced Interventional Cardiologist with extensive experience in the diagnosis and treatment of coronary, peripheral and structural heart disease. A specialist in the most demanding areas of cardiac intervention, he brings extensive experience in complex coronary and peripheral interventions, with a strong command of imaging-guided procedures that allow every intervention to be performed with exceptional precision. He is particularly adept at managing complex high-risk coronary interventions (CHIP), including cases supported by mechanical circulatory devices. His procedural repertoire reflects the full breadth of modern interventional cardiology. He is proficient in advanced calcium-modification techniques such as Rotablation and Orbital Atherectomy, and skilled in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI), ASD and PDA device closure, IVC filter implantation, and dual chamber pacemaker and ICD implantation. This lets him offer patients seamless, comprehensive care for coronary, structural, peripheral and rhythm disorders under one expert hand. A committed academician, Dr. Ramachandran has presented papers and posters at CSI conferences and in leading journals, and his excellence has been recognised through the Dr. Sivarajan Gold Medal in Cardiology, an All India Quiz Runner-up title, and the Best Case Presentation award at Imaging PCI Chennai 2018. #### What is Dr. Ramachandran P’s specialisation? Dr. Ramachandran P specialises in Coronary & Peripheral Interventions, Complex Coronary Interventions (CHIP), Imaging-Guided Interventions, Catheter-based Procedures including Rotablation & Orbital Atherectomy, TAVI, Pacemaker & ICD Implantation, ASD & PDA Device Closure and IVC Filter Implantation, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Ramachandran P’s medical qualifications? Dr. Ramachandran P holds the following qualifications: - 2019 - FNB (Interventional Cardiology), Madras Medical Mission, Chennai - 2014 - DM (Cardiology), Madras Medical College, Chennai - 2010 - MD (General Medicine), Madras Medical College, Chennai - 2003 - MBBS, Stanley Medical College, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Ramachandran P have? Dr. Ramachandran P has over 23 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Balamurugan S URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-balamurugan Summary: Consult Dr Balamurugan, Consultant Cardiologist at SRM Prime Hospital with 12+ years expertise in interventional and advanced cardiac care. - **Role:** Consultant – Interventional Cardiology, Cardiac Sciences - **Experience:** 12+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi ##### Brief Summary Dr. Balamurugan is a highly skilled Interventional Cardiologist with advanced training from Christian Medical College, Vellore. He specialises in complex coronary and structural heart interventions, with expertise in high-risk angioplasty procedures and imaging-guided therapies. With a strong foundation in evidence-based cardiology, he is proficient in managing acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and critically ill cardiac patients. His clinical excellence is complemented by his dedication to patient-centric care, academic teaching, and ongoing research in cardiovascular medicine. A gold medallist during his medical training, Dr. Balamurugan has received multiple recognitions for his academic and clinical achievements. He is also actively involved in training postgraduate students and contributing to cardiology education. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Balamurugan S? You can book an appointment with Dr. Balamurugan S by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Balamurugan S practice? Dr. Balamurugan S practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Balamurugan S? Dr. Balamurugan is a highly skilled Interventional Cardiologist with advanced training from Christian Medical College, Vellore. He specialises in complex coronary and structural heart interventions, with expertise in high-risk angioplasty procedures and imaging-guided therapies. With a strong foundation in evidence-based cardiology, he is proficient in managing acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and critically ill cardiac patients. His clinical excellence is complemented by his dedication to patient-centric care, academic teaching, and ongoing research in cardiovascular medicine. A gold medallist during his medical training, Dr. Balamurugan has received multiple recognitions for his academic and clinical achievements. He is also actively involved in training postgraduate students and contributing to cardiology education. #### What is Dr. Balamurugan S’s specialisation? Dr. Balamurugan S specialises in Left Main & Bifurcation PCI, Chronic total occlusion (CTO) PCI, Calcium Modification - Rotablation & IVL, Imaging/Physiology guided PCI - IVUS, OCT and FFR, Structural Device Closures (ASD, VSD, PDA) and Pacemaker, ICD & CRT Implantation, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Balamurugan S’s medical qualifications? Dr. Balamurugan S holds the following qualifications: - 2009 – 2015 MBBS Stanley Medical College, Chennai - 2016 – 2019 MD (Internal Medicine) Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai - 2020 – 2023 DM (Cardiology) Christian Medical College, Vellore #### How many years of experience does Dr. Balamurugan S have? Dr. Balamurugan S has over 12 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Balasubramanian P URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-balasubramanian Summary: Consult Dr. P. Balasubramanian, a highly experienced specialist with over 25 years of clinical expertise, offering expert patient care at SRM Prime today. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Cardiac Sciences - **Experience:** 25+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary With over 25 years of extensive clinical experience, Dr. P. Balasubramanian is a highly accomplished and trusted Cardiothoracic Surgeon. He brings exceptional expertise in performing complex cardiac procedures and has consistently advanced surgical outcomes through precision, innovation, and a strong patient-centric approach. Over the years, he has made significant contributions to both clinical practice and academic medicine, earning a reputation for excellence in cardiac care. He has an outstanding track record of performing over 10,000 major cardiac surgeries with consistently high success rates. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Balasubramanian P? You can book an appointment with Dr. Balasubramanian P by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Balasubramanian P practice? Dr. Balasubramanian P practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Balasubramanian P? With over 25 years of extensive clinical experience, Dr. P. Balasubramanian is a highly accomplished and trusted Cardiothoracic Surgeon. He brings exceptional expertise in performing complex cardiac procedures and has consistently advanced surgical outcomes through precision, innovation, and a strong patient-centric approach. Over the years, he has made significant contributions to both clinical practice and academic medicine, earning a reputation for excellence in cardiac care. He has an outstanding track record of performing over 10, 000 major cardiac surgeries with consistently high success rates. #### What is Dr. Balasubramanian P’s specialisation? Dr. Balasubramanian P specialises in Off-pump (Beating Heart) Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), Total Arterial Revascularisation, Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery, Valve Repair & Replacement Surgeries, Post-infarction Ventricular Septal Rupture Repair, Congenital Heart Surgeries and Advanced Perioperative & Postoperative Cardiac Care, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Balasubramanian P’s medical qualifications? Dr. Balasubramanian P holds the following qualifications: - MS - MCh - FRCS(EDIN) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Balasubramanian P have? Dr. Balasubramanian P has over 25 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Shankar Geeniga M URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-shankar-m-geeniga Summary: Consult Dr. Shankar M. Geeniga, a highly experienced specialist with over 17 years of clinical expertise, offering expert care at SRM Prime Hospital today. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Cardiac Anesthesia, Cardiac Sciences - **Experience:** 17+ Years - **OPD hours:** 08:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary With over 17 years of extensive clinical experience, Dr. Shankar M. Geeniga is a highly skilled and accomplished Cardiac Anaesthetist. He has been actively involved in administering anaesthesia for advanced surgical procedures, including cardiac surgeries, aortic aneurysm repairs, hybrid procedures, and transplant cases. His expertise also extends to paediatric anaesthesia and various interventional procedures, with a strong focus on patient safety and precision. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Shankar Geeniga M? You can book an appointment with Dr. Shankar Geeniga M by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Shankar Geeniga M practice? Dr. Shankar Geeniga M practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Shankar Geeniga M? With over 17 years of extensive clinical experience, Dr. Shankar M. Geeniga is a highly skilled and accomplished Cardiac Anaesthetist. He has been actively involved in administering anaesthesia for advanced surgical procedures, including cardiac surgeries, aortic aneurysm repairs, hybrid procedures, and transplant cases. His expertise also extends to paediatric anaesthesia and various interventional procedures, with a strong focus on patient safety and precision. #### What is Dr. Shankar Geeniga M’s specialisation? Dr. Shankar Geeniga M specialises in Cardiac Anaesthesia, Anaesthesia for High-Risk & Complex Surgeries, Aortic & Hybrid Surgical Procedures, Transplant Anaesthesia, Paediatric Anaesthesia, Trauma & Emergency Anaesthesia, Advanced Airway & Perioperative Management and Pain & Critical Care Support, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Shankar Geeniga M’s medical qualifications? Dr. Shankar Geeniga M holds the following qualifications: - MD - PDCC #### How many years of experience does Dr. Shankar Geeniga M have? Dr. Shankar Geeniga M has over 17 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/prof-dr-k-subramaniyan Summary: Consult Prof Dr K Subramaniyan, Senior Neurologist at SRM Prime Hospital with 20+ years expertise in stroke care, brain and spine disorders. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Neurology - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. K. Subramaniyan is a skilled neurologist with 20+ years of clinical experience in diagnosing & treating complex brain & spine problems. With a strong academic foundation in Internal Medicine and advanced super-speciality training in Neurology, Dr. Subramaniyan brings a holistic and evidence-based approach to neurological care. His expertise spans from emergency neurological conditions such as stroke to long-term management of chronic and degenerative disorders, helping patients regain function and improve quality of life. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K? You can book an appointment with Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K practice? Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### What is Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K’s specialisation? Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K specialises in Stroke and Neuro-degenerative disorders, Epilepsy & Seizure, Headache & Migraines, Parkinson's diseases, Nerve and Muscle Disorders, CNS infections, Multiple Sclerosis & Demyelinating Diseases and Neuro-muscular Diseases, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K’s medical qualifications? Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K holds the following qualifications: - MBBS - MD (Internal Medicine) - DM (Neurology) #### How many years of experience does Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K have? Prof. Dr. Subramaniyan K has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Swathi T URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-t-swathi Summary: Consult Dr. Swathi Thangiah, a distinguished Consultant Neurologist at SRM Prime Hospital with 10+ years of clinical experience in expert patient care. - **Role:** Consultant – Neurology - **Experience:** 10+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary With 10+ years of clinical experience, Dr. Swathi Thangiah is a distinguished Consultant Neurologist with expertise in stroke medicine, neurocritical care and headache disorders. With European Certification in Minimally Invasive Stroke Therapy and Certification in Headache and Facial pain from World Headache Society, she brings a strong academic foundation combined with refined clinical acumen. She has extensive experience in managing complex neurological conditions across the spectrum from acute stroke interventions and neurocritical emergencies to chronic disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis, epilepsy, movement disorders, dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Her proficiency extends to advanced neurological procedures, including thrombolysis, neurosonology, and targeted therapies such as Botox for spasticity, headache and dystonia. She has contributed significantly to global neurology forums, with presentations at prestigious platforms such as the World Congress of Neurology and the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. Beyond clinical practice, she is deeply engaged in advancing neurological care through research, physician education, and community outreach. Her work in public health awareness particularly in stroke prevention and early recognition reflects her belief that informed patients are central to better outcomes. Known for her clarity in communication and compassionate approach, she delivers personalised, evidence based care that integrates cutting-edge medicine with holistic patient well-being. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Swathi T? You can book an appointment with Dr. Swathi T by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Swathi T practice? Dr. Swathi T practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Swathi T? With 10+ years of clinical experience, Dr. Swathi Thangiah is a distinguished Consultant Neurologist with expertise in stroke medicine, neurocritical care and headache disorders. With European Certification in Minimally Invasive Stroke Therapy and Certification in Headache and Facial pain from World Headache Society, she brings a strong academic foundation combined with refined clinical acumen. She has extensive experience in managing complex neurological conditions across the spectrum from acute stroke interventions and neurocritical emergencies to chronic disorders such as Multiple Sclerosis, epilepsy, movement disorders, dementia and neurodegenerative diseases. Her proficiency extends to advanced neurological procedures, including thrombolysis, neurosonology, and targeted therapies such as Botox for spasticity, headache and dystonia. She has contributed significantly to global neurology forums, with presentations at prestigious platforms such as the World Congress of Neurology and the Alzheimer’s Association International Conference. Beyond clinical practice, she is deeply engaged in advancing neurological care through research, physician education, and community outreach. Her work in public health awareness particularly in stroke prevention and early recognition reflects her belief that informed patients are central to better outcomes. Known for her clarity in communication and compassionate approach, she delivers personalised, evidence based care that integrates cutting-edge medicine with holistic patient well-being. #### What is Dr. Swathi T’s specialisation? Dr. Swathi T specialises in Acute Stroke Management & Thrombolysis, Neurocritical Care & ICU Neurology, Headache & Migraine Management, BOTOX Therapy for Spasticity & Dystonia, Epilepsy & Seizure Disorders, Neuromuscular Disorders, Neuropathy / Demyelination and General Neurology & Complex Neurological Disorders, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Swathi T’s medical qualifications? Dr. Swathi T holds the following qualifications: - MBBS - MD – General Medicine - DM – Neurology #### How many years of experience does Dr. Swathi T have? Dr. Swathi T has over 10 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Chandrasekar K URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-chandrasekar-k Summary: Consult Dr. Chandrasekar K, Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant in Neurosurgery at SRM Prime Hospital, with 37+ years' expertise in brain & spine surgery. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Neurosurgery - **Experience:** 37+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi ##### Brief Summary He is a highly experienced neurosurgeon with over three decades of expertise in managing complex brain, spine, skull base, and cerebrovascular conditions. Internationally trained in advanced microsurgical and neuro-endovascular techniques, he is known for his precision-driven approach and adherence to global standards of neurosurgical care. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Chandrasekar K? You can book an appointment with Dr. Chandrasekar K by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Chandrasekar K practice? Dr. Chandrasekar K practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### What is Dr. Chandrasekar K’s specialisation? Dr. Chandrasekar K specialises in Skull Base & Cerebrovascular Surgery, SRM AIM, Endoscope-Assisted & Microsurgical Neurosurgery, Cerebral Revascularisation Procedures, Complex Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery and Advanced Spine Surgery, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Chandrasekar K’s medical qualifications? Dr. Chandrasekar K holds the following qualifications: MCh (Neurosurgery) – NIMHANS. #### How many years of experience does Dr. Chandrasekar K have? Dr. Chandrasekar K has over 37 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Krishna Kumar G URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-g-krishna-kumar Summary: Book an appointment with Dr. G. Krishna Kumar, expert neurosurgeon in Chennai with 14+ years experience in advanced brain and spine treatments. - **Role:** Consultant – Neurosurgery - **Experience:** 14+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi, Telugu ##### Brief Summary Dr. G. Krishna Kumar is an accomplished neurosurgeon with expertise in advanced brain and spine surgeries. With training from premier institutions and strong clinical experience, he is known for precision, academic excellence, and patient-focused care. He specialises in neuro-oncology, endoscopic skull base procedures, and minimally invasive spine surgery, offering advanced solutions for complex neurological conditions. He is also actively involved in research and academic contributions. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Krishna Kumar G? You can book an appointment with Dr. Krishna Kumar G by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Krishna Kumar G practice? Dr. Krishna Kumar G practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Krishna Kumar G? Dr. G. Krishna Kumar is an accomplished neurosurgeon with expertise in advanced brain and spine surgeries. With training from premier institutions and strong clinical experience, he is known for precision, academic excellence, and patient-focused care. He specialises in neuro-oncology, endoscopic skull base procedures, and minimally invasive spine surgery, offering advanced solutions for complex neurological conditions. He is also actively involved in research and academic contributions. #### What is Dr. Krishna Kumar G’s specialisation? Dr. Krishna Kumar G specialises in Neuro-oncology (brain and spinal tumors), Endoscopic skull base surgery, Functional neurosurgery (DBS & ABI), Minimally invasive and endoscopic spine surgery and Complex cranial and spinal surgical procedures, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Krishna Kumar G’s medical qualifications? Dr. Krishna Kumar G holds the following qualifications: MBBS, MS (General Surgery), MCh (Neurosurgery). #### How many years of experience does Dr. Krishna Kumar G have? Dr. Krishna Kumar G has over 14 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. --- # Doctors: Bones, Digestive System, Kidneys and Cancer ## Dr. Mohan G URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-g-mohan Summary: Consult Dr G Mohan, Senior Orthopaedic Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital with 25+ years expertise in trauma, arthroplasty and reconstructive care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Orthopaedics - **Experience:** 25+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr Mohan G is a highly accomplished orthopaedician with 25+ years of clinical, academic, and surgical expertise in trauma, arthroplasty, and reconstructive orthopaedics. He has presented numerous scientific papers, delivered key orations, contributed as faculty in major conferences such as TNOACON, IOACON, SCORE, and MOSCON, and published over 26 research papers in orthopaedic journals. He has served in leading government and private medical institutions in Tamil Nadu and has trained extensively in India and abroad, including Germany, Singapore, Seychelles, and Chandigarh. He is widely recognised for his contributions to arthroplasty, trauma surgery, periarticular fracture management, and served as faculty in major national and international conferences. He is a life member of multiple national and international orthopaedic associations, and has received several honors including multiple Best Doctor Awards from Tamil Nadu State Government, Viveka Laureate Award (2023) and Excellence in Orthopaedics award (2021). With extensive national and international training, leadership roles, numerous awards, and a strong publication record, he remains a distinguished person in orthopaedic education and surgical excellence in South India. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Mohan G? You can book an appointment with Dr. Mohan G by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Mohan G practice? Dr. Mohan G practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Mohan G? Dr Mohan G is a highly accomplished orthopaedician with 25+ years of clinical, academic, and surgical expertise in trauma, arthroplasty, and reconstructive orthopaedics. He has presented numerous scientific papers, delivered key orations, contributed as faculty in major conferences such as TNOACON, IOACON, SCORE, and MOSCON, and published over 26 research papers in orthopaedic journals. He has served in leading government and private medical institutions in Tamil Nadu and has trained extensively in India and abroad, including Germany, Singapore, Seychelles, and Chandigarh. He is widely recognised for his contributions to arthroplasty, trauma surgery, periarticular fracture management, and served as faculty in major national and international conferences. He is a life member of multiple national and international orthopaedic associations, and has received several honors including multiple Best Doctor Awards from Tamil Nadu State Government, Viveka Laureate Award (2023) and Excellence in Orthopaedics award (2021). With extensive national and international training, leadership roles, numerous awards, and a strong publication record, he remains a distinguished person in orthopaedic education and surgical excellence in South India. #### What is Dr. Mohan G’s specialisation? Dr. Mohan G specialises in Trauma Care, Total Knee Replacement – Primary, Complex, & Revision, Total Hip Replacement - Primary, Complex, & Revision, Shoulder Injuries & Arthroplasty, Foot & Ankle Injury Management, Spine-Disc Prolapse & Fractures and Sports Injuries, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Mohan G’s medical qualifications? Dr. Mohan G holds the following qualifications: - 1995 - MBBS, PSG Institute Medical Sciences and Research, Coimbatore.Tamilnadu Dr. MGR Medical University - 2000 - MS (Orthopaedics), Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai. Sri Ramachandra University - 2000 - DNB (Orthopaedics), New Delhi - 2012 - MCh (Orthopaedics), Seychelles University, USAIM (American Board) - 2002 - Fellowship in Trauma (Germany) - 2005 - Fellowship in Arthroplasty (PGI) - 2005 - Fellowship in Arthroplasty (Singapore) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Mohan G have? Dr. Mohan G has over 25 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Mohan K C URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-k-c-mohan Summary: Consult Dr K C Mohan, Senior Orthopaedic & Joint Replacement Surgeon at SRM Prime Hospital with 16+ years experience. Book your appointment. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Orthopaedics - **Experience:** 16+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 15:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Telugu ##### Brief Summary Dr. K. C. Mohan is a dedicated & highly skilled Orthopaedic and Joint Replacement Surgeon. He is renowned for his unwavering dedication to restoring mobility, eliminating pain, and empowering patients to reclaim an active, fulfilling life. He has extensive expertise in primary and revision joint replacement surgeries (of the hip, knee, shoulder, & elbow). His proficiency extends across the full spectrum of orthopaedics including trauma surgery, arthroscopy, sports injury care, and complex reconstructive procedures, focusing on achieving optimal functional outcomes. He is well-known not only for his surgical excellence, but also for his compassionate communication, gentle approach, and patient-first philosophy. His long-term focus on strength, endurance, and overall wellness has made him the surgeon of choice for countless patients seeking transformative orthopaedic solutions. His commitment to professional mastery is reflected in his pursuit of undergoing advanced national and international training programmes, workshops, and conferences across USA, Singapore, Mumbai, and Pune. Dr. K.C. Mohan has also made significant academic contributions, authoring and co-authoring several research papers in orthopaedics, including notable publications in the Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Mohan K C? You can book an appointment with Dr. Mohan K C by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Mohan K C practice? Dr. Mohan K C practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Mohan K C? Dr. K. C. Mohan is a dedicated & highly skilled Orthopaedic and Joint Replacement Surgeon. He is renowned for his unwavering dedication to restoring mobility, eliminating pain, and empowering patients to reclaim an active, fulfilling life. He has extensive expertise in primary and revision joint replacement surgeries (of the hip, knee, shoulder, & elbow). His proficiency extends across the full spectrum of orthopaedics including trauma surgery, arthroscopy, sports injury care, and complex reconstructive procedures, focusing on achieving optimal functional outcomes. He is well-known not only for his surgical excellence, but also for his compassionate communication, gentle approach, and patient-first philosophy. His long-term focus on strength, endurance, and overall wellness has made him the surgeon of choice for countless patients seeking transformative orthopaedic solutions. His commitment to professional mastery is reflected in his pursuit of undergoing advanced national and international training programmes, workshops, and conferences across USA, Singapore, Mumbai, and Pune. Dr. K.C. Mohan has also made significant academic contributions, authoring and co-authoring several research papers in orthopaedics, including notable publications in the Journal of Clinical Orthopaedics and Trauma. #### What is Dr. Mohan K C’s specialisation? Dr. Mohan K C specialises in Joint Replacement of Hip, Knee, Shoulder & Elbow, Revision Knee & Hip Replacement Surgeries, Arthroscopy of Knee & Shoulder – Primary & Revision, Complex Trauma & Fracture Management, Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis, Discectomy and posterior Stabilization, Sports Injuries and Spinal Surgery, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Mohan K C’s medical qualifications? Dr. Mohan K C holds the following qualifications: - 2010 - MBBS, Government Medical College, Ananthapur, Dr N.T.R University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada - 2015 - DNB (Orthopaedic Surgery) National Board of Examinations, New Delhi - 2018 - Post-doctoral Fellowship in Joint Replacement (FIJR), The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R Medical University #### How many years of experience does Dr. Mohan K C have? Dr. Mohan K C has over 16 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-nikhil-jawaharlal-nahar Summary: Consult Dr Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar, Orthopaedic Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital with 11+ years expertise in trauma, shoulder and joint surgery. - **Role:** Consultant – Orthopaedics - **Experience:** 11+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi ##### Brief Summary With over 11 years of surgical experience in India and the UK, Dr. Nikhil Nahar specialises in Shoulder & Elbow Surgery, Trauma Care, and Hip & Knee Arthroplasty. He has strong expertise in complex trauma, arthroscopy, and joint replacement procedures. Dr. Nahar has also completed advanced international fellowships and cadaveric training, further refining his surgical skills. His approach focuses on precision-driven treatment, clear communication, and evidence-based care, ensuring consistently excellent patient outcomes. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar? You can book an appointment with Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar practice? Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### What is Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar’s specialisation? Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar specialises in Shoulder & Elbow Arthroscopy and Reconstruction, Complex Trauma Care & Fracture Management, Hip and Knee Arthroplasty, Sports Injury & Ligament Reconstruction, Upper Limb Disorders and Tendon Injuries and Revision Arthroplasty Procedures, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar’s medical qualifications? Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar holds the following qualifications: - MBBS - MS (Orthopaedics) - MCh (Ortho, UK) - MRCS (Edin) - FRCS (Lon) - FEBOT (Eur) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar have? Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar has over 11 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Arulprakash S URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-s-arulprakash Summary: Consult Dr. S. Arulprakash, Clinical Lead & Senior Gastroenterologist in Chennai at SRM Prime Hospital, with 20+ years' expertise in GI & liver care today. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi ##### Brief Summary Dr. S. Arulprakash is the esteemed Clinical Lead and Senior Consultant in the Department of Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease. With more than 2 decades of distinguished experience, he is celebrated for his mastery in gastrointestinal medicine and his unwavering commitment to patient-centric care. He holds a strong academic foundation, having completed his MBBS, followed by MD and DM in Medical Gastroenterology, along with a DNB—credentials that reflect his rigorous training and exceptional clinical competence. Renowned for his ability to diagnose and treat the most complex digestive, liver, and pancreatic disorders, he also brings exceptional proficiency in paediatric gastroenterology, advanced endoscopy, and motility disorders. His empathetic, patient-first approach makes him remarkably approachable, and his clinical precision has restored health and hope to countless patients and families. Beyond his exemplary clinical practice, Dr. Arulprakash has authored more than 40 scientific papers in top national and international journals, contributing significant insights to the gastrointestinal field. He is also a respected fellow of Indian Society of Gastroenterology and the Indian Association for the Study of Liver, underscoring his influential role in advancing medical standards. With a blend of expertise, empathy, and patient-focused innovation, Dr. Arulprakash continues to elevate gastrointestinal and liver care, positively impacting countless livesand setting new benchmarks in this field. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Arulprakash S? You can book an appointment with Dr. Arulprakash S by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Arulprakash S practice? Dr. Arulprakash S practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Arulprakash S? Dr. S. Arulprakash is the esteemed Clinical Lead and Senior Consultant in the Department of Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease. With more than 2 decades of distinguished experience, he is celebrated for his mastery in gastrointestinal medicine and his unwavering commitment to patient-centric care. He holds a strong academic foundation, having completed his MBBS, followed by MD and DM in Medical Gastroenterology, along with a DNB—credentials that reflect his rigorous training and exceptional clinical competence. Renowned for his ability to diagnose and treat the most complex digestive, liver, and pancreatic disorders, he also brings exceptional proficiency in paediatric gastroenterology, advanced endoscopy, and motility disorders. His empathetic, patient-first approach makes him remarkably approachable, and his clinical precision has restored health and hope to countless patients and families. Beyond his exemplary clinical practice, Dr. Arulprakash has authored more than 40 scientific papers in top national and international journals, contributing significant insights to the gastrointestinal field. He is also a respected fellow of Indian Society of Gastroenterology and the Indian Association for the Study of Liver, underscoring his influential role in advancing medical standards. With a blend of expertise, empathy, and patient-focused innovation, Dr. Arulprakash continues to elevate gastrointestinal and liver care, positively impacting countless lives and setting new benchmarks in this field. #### What is Dr. Arulprakash S’s specialisation? Dr. Arulprakash S specialises in Acid Reflux, Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), Constipation, Complex ERCP: Pancreas | Biliary, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) - Diagnostic & Therapeutic, EUS Guided Interventions, Biliary Drainage, Gallbladder Drainage, Coil Embolisation, EUS Guided Gastrojejunostomy, Third Space Endoscopy – ESD, EFTRD, POEM, Endoscopic GERD Treatment and Small Bowel Endoscopy, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Arulprakash S’s medical qualifications? Dr. Arulprakash S holds the following qualifications: - 2000 - MBBS, Govt. Erode Medical College - 2005 - MD, Govt. NSCB Medical College, Jabalpur - 2006 - DNB, National Board of Examinations, New Delhi - 2009 - DM (Medical Gastroenterology), Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai - 2011 - DNB (Medical Gastroenterology) National Board of Examinations, New Delhi #### How many years of experience does Dr. Arulprakash S have? Dr. Arulprakash S has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Tarun George J URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-tarun-j-george Summary: Consult Dr Tarun J George, Senior Gastroenterologist at SRM Prime Hospital with 16+ years experience in advanced endoscopy and liver care. Book now. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology - **Experience:** 16+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Tarun J George is a highly skilled Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist with advanced expertise in therapeutic endoscopy, hepatobiliary interventions, and minimally invasive procedures for complex digestive and liver diseases. He specialises in advanced endoscopic treatments, including EUS, ERCP, third-space procedures, endo-bariatric interventions, and therapies for complex liver and digestive conditions. He has significant experience in performing advanced therapeutic endoscopic procedures, including ERCP, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS), and third space endoscopy techniques such as POEM and G-POEM. His clinical proficiency extends to cutting-edge interventions in endoscopic bariatrics and minimally invasive treatments for conditions like GERD and obesity. Dr. Tarun is known for his precision in performing complex procedures such as endoscopic resections, biliary interventions, and GI bleeding management. His approach emphasizes evidence-based care, patient safety, and optimal clinical outcomes, making him a trusted specialist in managing both routine and highly complex gastrointestinal conditions. In addition to his clinical work, he has contributed to medical research and international publications, reflecting his commitment to advancing the field of gastroenterology. His continuous pursuit of innovation and excellence ensures that patients benefit from the latest advancements in digestive and liver care. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Tarun George J? You can book an appointment with Dr. Tarun George J by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Tarun George J practice? Dr. Tarun George J practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Tarun George J? Dr. Tarun J George is a highly skilled Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist with advanced expertise in therapeutic endoscopy, hepatobiliary interventions, and minimally invasive procedures for complex digestive and liver diseases. He specialises in advanced endoscopic treatments, including EUS, ERCP, third-space procedures, endo-bariatric interventions, and therapies for complex liver and digestive conditions. He has significant experience in performing advanced therapeutic endoscopic procedures, including ERCP, Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS), and third space endoscopy techniques such as POEM and G-POEM. His clinical proficiency extends to cutting-edge interventions in endoscopic bariatrics and minimally invasive treatments for conditions like GERD and obesity. Dr. Tarun is known for his precision in performing complex procedures such as endoscopic resections, biliary interventions, and GI bleeding management. His approach emphasizes evidence-based care, patient safety, and optimal clinical outcomes, making him a trusted specialist in managing both routine and highly complex gastrointestinal conditions. In addition to his clinical work, he has contributed to medical research and international publications, reflecting his commitment to advancing the field of gastroenterology. His continuous pursuit of innovation and excellence ensures that patients benefit from the latest advancements in digestive and liver care. #### What is Dr. Tarun George J’s specialisation? Dr. Tarun George J specialises in Diagnostic & therapeutic upper GI endoscopy and colonoscopy, ERCP & EUS, Stricture dilatation (benign & malignant), Enteral stenting for malignancies, Achalasia balloon dilatation, EMR, ESD, polypectomy, PEG & NJ tube placement, Foreign body removal, Intragastric balloon placement, Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG), Endoscopic suturing, POEM for achalasia, G-POEM for gastroparesis, GERD interventions: GERDx, ARMS, ARMA, Viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, portal hypertension, Non-invasive liver evaluation & endoscopic liver care, High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM), 24-hour pH impedance study, Anorectal manometry and Hydrogen/methane breath testing, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Tarun George J’s medical qualifications? Dr. Tarun George J holds the following qualifications: - 2011 - MBBS, Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai - 2014 - MD (General Medicine), Pondicherry Institute of Medical Science - 2017 - DM (Medical Gastroenterology), Madras Medical College – Institute of Medical Gastroenterology, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Tarun George J have? Dr. Tarun George J has over 16 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Kapali Neelamekam URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-kapali-neelamekam Summary: Consult Dr. Kapali Neelamekam, Senior Surgical Gastroenterologist at SRM Prime Hospital, with 35+ years' expertise in liver transplant & GI surgery care. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Surgical Gastro, HPB, MAS, Multiorgan Transplant - **Experience:** 35+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 15:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Prof. Dr. Kapali Neelamekam is a respected and accomplished Surgical Gastroenterologist with more than 35 years of clinical experiencecaring for patients with complex liver, pancreas, stomach, and intestinal conditions. Widely regarded as a pioneer of liver transplantation in India, he has trained in some of the world’s most renowned medical centres across the UK, USA, and Ireland, bringing global expertise to his patients. Dr Kapali is proficient in a wide range of surgical specialities, including gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, minimal access (keyhole), and liver transplant surgery. Patients trust him for his expertise in advanced laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery, cancer surgeries, bariatric surgery, and robust liver and pancreatic care. His approach is always compassionate, safety-focused, and dedicated to giving every patient personalised care. Beyond his clinical work, Dr. Kapali continues to guide and inspire medical institutions as a senior professor and advisor, shaping the next generation of surgeons with his vast experience and commitment to excellence. He also holds several prestigious credentials, including Certification as a Surgical Technologist from the Royal College of Surgeons, a Fellowship in Liver Transplant Surgery (Dublin), Fellowship of the American College of Surgeons (USA), Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery, and Fellowship in Robotic Surgery. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Kapali Neelamekam? You can book an appointment with Dr. Kapali Neelamekam by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Kapali Neelamekam practice? Dr. Kapali Neelamekam practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Kapali Neelamekam? Prof. Dr. Kapali Neelamekam is a respected and accomplished Surgical Gastroenterologist with more than 35 years of clinical experience caring for patients with complex liver, pancreas, stomach, and intestinal conditions. Widely regarded as a pioneer of liver transplantation in India, he has trained in some of the world’s most renowned medical centres across the UK, USA, and Ireland, bringing global expertise to his patients. Dr Kapali is proficient in a wide range of surgical specialities, including gastrointestinal, hepatobiliary, pancreatic, minimal access (keyhole), and liver transplant surgery. Patients trust him for his expertise in advanced laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery, cancer surgeries, bariatric surgery, and robust liver and pancreatic care. His approach is always compassionate, safety-focused, and dedicated to giving every patient personalised care. Beyond his clinical work, Dr. Kapali continues to guide and inspire medical institutions as a senior professor and advisor, shaping the next generation of surgeons with his vast experience and commitment to excellence. He also holds several prestigious credentials, including Certification as a Surgical Technologist from the Royal College of Surgeons, a Fellowship in Liver Transplant Surgery (Dublin), Fellowship of the American College of Surgeons (USA), Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery, and Fellowship in Robotic Surgery. #### What is Dr. Kapali Neelamekam’s specialisation? Dr. Kapali Neelamekam specialises in Liver, Pancreas & Biliary Tract Surgery, Complex HPB (Hepato-Pancreato-biliary) Procedures, Laparoscopic & Robotic GI Surgeries, GI Cancer Surgeries (Esophagus, Colorectal, Gastric, Hepatic & Pancreatic), Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery, Multi-organ Transplant (Liver Transplantation), Breast Surgery and Advanced Minimal Access Surgical Techniques, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Kapali Neelamekam’s medical qualifications? Dr. Kapali Neelamekam holds the following qualifications: - MBBS - MS (General Surgery) - University of Madras - FRCS (Glasgow) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Kapali Neelamekam have? Dr. Kapali Neelamekam has over 35 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-vimalraj-velayutham Summary: Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham is a distinguished Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Liver&nbs - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – HPB, Liver Transplant Surgeon - **Experience:** 29+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham is a distinguished Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Liver Transplant Surgeon, bringing extensive expertise in liver transplantation and complex liver, pancreatic, biliary, and gastrointestinal surgery. Internationally trained at renowned centers in South Korea, France, and Taiwan, he has advanced expertise in Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT), donor hepatectomy, major liver resections, complex pancreatic surgery, and minimally invasive HPB surgery. With specialized training in robotic liver and pancreatic surgery, he is committed to bringing precision, innovation, and advanced surgical technology to the management of complex HPB diseases. His clinical philosophy is built around precision, safety, ethics, and compassionate patient care. By combining meticulous surgical technique with multidisciplinary decision-making and modern technology, his goal is to achieve the best possible outcomes while enabling faster recovery and improved quality of life. A strong advocate for innovation, academics, research, and surgical education, Dr. Vimalraj continues to engage with leading international experts and evolving advances in HPB and transplant surgery. At SRM Prime, his vision is to develop a comprehensive, high-quality HPB and Liver Transplant Program, providing advanced and accessible care for patients with complex liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham? You can book an appointment with Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham practice? Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham? Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham is a distinguished Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary (HPB) and Liver Transplant Surgeon, bringing extensive expertise in liver transplantation and complex liver, pancreatic, biliary, and gastrointestinal surgery. Internationally trained at renowned centers in South Korea, France, and Taiwan, he has advanced expertise in Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT), donor hepatectomy, major liver resections, complex pancreatic surgery, and minimally invasive HPB surgery. With specialized training in robotic liver and pancreatic surgery, he is committed to bringing precision, innovation, and advanced surgical technology to the management of complex HPB diseases. His clinical philosophy is built around precision, safety, ethics, and compassionate patient care. By combining meticulous surgical technique with multidisciplinary decision-making and modern technology, his goal is to achieve the best possible outcomes while enabling faster recovery and improved quality of life. A strong advocate for innovation, academics, research, and surgical education, Dr. Vimalraj continues to engage with leading international experts and evolving advances in HPB and transplant surgery. At SRM Prime, his vision is to develop a comprehensive, high-quality HPB and Liver Transplant Program, providing advanced and accessible care for patients with complex liver, pancreatic, and biliary diseases. #### What is Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham’s specialisation? Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham specialises in Living Donor Liver Transplantation (LDLT), Living Donor Hepatectomy, Complex Liver, Biliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Robotic & Laparoscopic HPB Surgery, Major Liver Resections, Portal Flow Modulation in Liver Transplantation and Minimally Invasive GI Surgery, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham’s medical qualifications? Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham holds the following qualifications: - 2007 - MCh (Gastrointestinal Surgery), Stanley Medical College, Chennai - 2001 - MS (General Surgery), Stanley Medical College, Chennai - 1997 - MBBS, Stanley Medical College, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham have? Dr. Vimalraj Velayutham has over 29 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-r-v-sugi-subramaniam Summary: Consult Dr R V Sugi Subramaniam, Senior Gastroenterologist at SRM Prime Hospital with 17+ years expertise in advanced GI and liver transplant care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Surgical Gastro, Liver Transplant Surgeon - **Experience:** 17+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. R. V. Sugi Subramaniam is a highly accomplished Surgical Gastroenterologist with advanced expertise in hepatobiliary (HPB) surgery and liver transplantation, including complex and paediatric liver transplant procedures. Trained at premier institutions, he has further specialised through a dedicated fellowship in liver transplant and HPB surgery. With extensive experience across leading hospitals in Chennai, he is proficient in performing advanced GI surgeries, minimally invasive (laparoscopic and robotic) procedures, and both cadaveric and living donor liver transplant surgeries. His clinical excellence is complemented by strong academic contributions, international training, and numerous awards at national and global platforms. Dr. Sugi is known for his precision, commitment to patient-centric care, and ability to manage complex surgical cases with outstanding outcomes. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V? You can book an appointment with Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V practice? Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V? Dr. R. V. Sugi Subramaniam is a highly accomplished Surgical Gastroenterologist with advanced expertise in hepatobiliary (HPB) surgery and liver transplantation, including complex and paediatric liver transplant procedures. Trained at premier institutions, he has further specialised through a dedicated fellowship in liver transplant and HPB surgery. With extensive experience across leading hospitals in Chennai, he is proficient in performing advanced GI surgeries, minimally invasive (laparoscopic and robotic) procedures, and both cadaveric and living donor liver transplant surgeries. His clinical excellence is complemented by strong academic contributions, international training, and numerous awards at national and global platforms. Dr. Sugi is known for his precision, commitment to patient-centric care, and ability to manage complex surgical cases with outstanding outcomes. #### What is Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V’s specialisation? Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V specialises in Live & Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation, Paediatric Liver Transplant Surgery, Robotic & Laparoscopic GI Surgery, HPB & Pancreatic Surgeries, Cadaveric Organ Retrieval and Post-Transplant Care & Complication Management, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V’s medical qualifications? Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V holds the following qualifications: - Post-Doctoral Fellowship (PDF) Liver Transplant & HPB Surgery Dr. Rela Institute & Medical Centre, Chennai - M.Ch – Surgical Gastroenterology (Gold medallist) Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai - MS – General Surgery JIPMER, Puducherry - MBBS Madras Medical College, Chennai - FACS – Fellow of the American College of Surgeons - FICRS – Fellow of the International College of Robotic Surgeons - FMAS – Fellowship in Minimal Access Surgery - Paediatric Liver Transplant Training – NCCHD, Tokyo, Japan #### How many years of experience does Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V have? Dr. Sugi Subramaniam R V has over 17 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-n-k-ganesh-prasad Summary: Consult Dr. N.K. Ganesh Prasad, a highly experienced & trusted Nephrologist at SRM Prime Hospital with over 30 years of expertise in kidney care today. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Nephrology - **Experience:** 30+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. N.K. Ganesh Prasad is a highly experienced and trusted nephrologist with over 30 years of overall clinical experience, including more than 20 years dedicated to nephrology. With extensive expertise in managing both simple and complex kidney disorders, Dr. Ganesh Prasad is skilled in advanced procedures such as dialysis including Hemodialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), with a track record of 750+ kidney transplants. He focuses on providing comprehensive care for patients with chronic and acute kidney diseases, ensuring timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and long-term management. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K? You can book an appointment with Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K practice? Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K? Dr. N.K. Ganesh Prasad is a highly experienced and trusted nephrologist with over 30 years of overall clinical experience, including more than 20 years dedicated to nephrology. With extensive expertise in managing both simple and complex kidney disorders, Dr. Ganesh Prasad is skilled in advanced procedures such as dialysis including Hemodialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD), and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT), with a track record of 750+ kidney transplants. He focuses on providing comprehensive care for patients with chronic and acute kidney diseases, ensuring timely diagnosis, effective treatment, and long-term management. #### What is Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K’s specialisation? Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K specialises in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Management, Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), Diabetic Kidney Disease, Hypertensive Kidney Ailments, Dialysis (Hemodialysis & CRRT), Kidney Transplant, Kidney Infections, Immune Mediated Kidney Ailments and Interventional Nephrology, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K’s medical qualifications? Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K holds the following qualifications: - MBBS - DNB – General Medicine - DNB – Nephrology - MNAMS #### How many years of experience does Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K have? Dr. Ganesh Prasad N K has over 30 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Visweswar Reddy P URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-visweswar-reddy Summary: Consult Dr. P. Visweswar Reddy, Senior Consultant in Nephrology at SRM Prime Hospital, with 20+ years' expertise in dialysis & kidney transplant care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Nephrology - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. P. Visweswar Reddy is a renowned nephrologist with over 20 years of expertise in managing kidney diseases. He is recognised for his advanced knowledge in dialysis, kidney transplants, and chronic kidney management, making significant contributions to patient care and research in nephrology. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Visweswar Reddy P? You can book an appointment with Dr. Visweswar Reddy P by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Visweswar Reddy P practice? Dr. Visweswar Reddy P practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### What is Dr. Visweswar Reddy P’s specialisation? Dr. Visweswar Reddy P specialises in Chronic Kidney Disease and Dialysis, Hemodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis, Critical Care Nephrology, including CRRT and Apheresis, Uremic Neuropathy and Pruritus and Nephrology in the Elderly and ESRD Ethics, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Visweswar Reddy P’s medical qualifications? Dr. Visweswar Reddy P holds the following qualifications: - DM (Nephrology), Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad (2001–2004) - MD (Internal Medicine), Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool (1997–2000) - MBBS, Kurnool Medical College - Fellowship in Critical Care Nephrology and Apheresis, University of California, San Diego (2008) - FSASMS, Society for Advanced Study in Medical Sciences - FCCP, Association of College of Chest Physicians #### How many years of experience does Dr. Visweswar Reddy P have? Dr. Visweswar Reddy P has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Prof. Dr. Manikandan R URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-r-manikandan Summary: Leading urology & renal transplant care in Chennai with advanced robotic surgery, kidney transplant & prostate treatment. 20+ years' expertise at SRM. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Urology - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. R. Manikandan is a highly accomplished and trusted Urologist with over 20+ years of extensive clinical, academic, and surgical experience. He is widely recognised for his expertise in advanced urology, robotic surgery, uro-oncology, and renal transplantation. An internationally trained specialist, Dr. Manikandan has completed prestigious fellowships in robotic uro-oncology (USA), renal transplantation (Spain), and reconstructive urology (Germany). He has also undergone advanced training in endourology in India. He is known for his precision in complex surgical procedures, patient-centric approach, and commitment to clinical excellence. Dr. Manikandan has performed over 400 kidney transplants and more than 500 robotic surgeries, including highly complex reconstructive and oncological procedures. His contributions to research and academics are significant, with numerous national and international publications, and conference presentations in leading urology forums. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Prof. Dr. Manikandan R? You can book an appointment with Prof. Dr. Manikandan R by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Prof. Dr. Manikandan R practice? Prof. Dr. Manikandan R practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Prof. Dr. Manikandan R? Dr. R. Manikandan is a highly accomplished and trusted Urologist with over 20+ years of extensive clinical, academic, and surgical experience. He is widely recognised for his expertise in advanced urology, robotic surgery, uro-oncology, and renal transplantation. An internationally trained specialist, Dr. Manikandan has completed prestigious fellowships in robotic uro-oncology (USA), renal transplantation (Spain), and reconstructive urology (Germany). He has also undergone advanced training in endourology in India. He is known for his precision in complex surgical procedures, patient-centric approach, and commitment to clinical excellence. Dr. Manikandan has performed over 400 kidney transplants and more than 500 robotic surgeries, including highly complex reconstructive and oncological procedures. His contributions to research and academics are significant, with numerous national and international publications, and conference presentations in leading urology forums. #### What is Prof. Dr. Manikandan R’s specialisation? Prof. Dr. Manikandan R specialises in Urology & Renal Transplantation, Robotic & Minimally Invasive Urology, Endourology & Laser Stone Management, Prostate Disorders & Cancer Care, Bladder & Kidney Cancer Treatment, Reconstructive Urology, Prosthetic Urology - Artificial Urinary, Sphincter & Penile Implant Surgery, Male Infertility & Andrology and Complex Urological Surgeries, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Prof. Dr. Manikandan R’s medical qualifications? Prof. Dr. Manikandan R holds the following qualifications: 1998 - Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery (MBBS) 2004 - Master of Surgery (MS) 2005 - Diplomate of National Board of Examinations (DNB) 2008 - Master of Chiruguire (M.Ch) - UROLOGY, JIPMER, Pondicherry. #### How many years of experience does Prof. Dr. Manikandan R have? Prof. Dr. Manikandan R has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Suresh G URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-suresh-g Summary: Consult Dr. Suresh Gunasekaran, an experienced specialist with over 9 years of clinical expertise, offering expert, patient-focused care at SRM Prime. - **Role:** Consultant – Urology - **Experience:** 9+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary With over 9 years of clinical experience, Dr. Suresh Gunasekaran is a highly skilled Urologist specialising in Robotic and Laparoscopic Urology, Endourology, Reconstructive Urology, and Renal Transplant Surgery. He has extensive expertise in managing complex urological disorders with advanced minimally invasive techniques, ensuring improved precision, faster recovery, and better patient outcomes. He is actively involved in academics, multidisciplinary tumour boards, research, and resident training. Dr. Suresh has demonstrated excellence in performing advanced robotic and laparoscopic urological surgeries, renal transplantation, donor nephrectomy, endourological procedures, and reconstructive surgeries. His comprehensive approach to patient care, combined with his contributions to national conferences and academic research, reflects his commitment to advancing the field of urology and delivering world-class treatment. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Suresh G? You can book an appointment with Dr. Suresh G by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Suresh G practice? Dr. Suresh G practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Suresh G? With over 9 years of clinical experience, Dr. Suresh Gunasekaran is a highly skilled Urologist specialising in Robotic and Laparoscopic Urology, Endourology, Reconstructive Urology, and Renal Transplant Surgery. He has extensive expertise in managing complex urological disorders with advanced minimally invasive techniques, ensuring improved precision, faster recovery, and better patient outcomes. He is actively involved in academics, multidisciplinary tumour boards, research, and resident training. Dr. Suresh has demonstrated excellence in performing advanced robotic and laparoscopic urological surgeries, renal transplantation, donor nephrectomy, endourological procedures, and reconstructive surgeries. His comprehensive approach to patient care, combined with his contributions to national conferences and academic research, reflects his commitment to advancing the field of urology and delivering world-class treatment. #### What is Dr. Suresh G’s specialisation? Dr. Suresh G specialises in Robotic Urological Surgery, Laparoscopic Urological Surgery, Renal Transplant Surgery, Donor Nephrectomy (Robotic & Laparoscopic), Endourology (PCNL, URS, RIRS, TURP & TURBT), Reconstructive Urology, Uro-Oncology, Andrology & Men's Health, Uro-Gynaecology & Sling Procedures, USG-Guided Urological Procedures & Urodynamics and Emergency Urology, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Suresh G’s medical qualifications? Dr. Suresh G holds the following qualifications: - 2010 - M.B.B.S, Chengalpet Medical College - 2014 - M.S (General Surgery), Tirunelveli Medical College - 2018 - DNB (Urology), Vedanayagam Hospital, CBE #### How many years of experience does Dr. Suresh G have? Dr. Suresh G has over 9 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-senthil-kumar-ravichander Summary: Consult Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander, Senior Surgical Oncologist at SRM Prime Hospital, with 18+ years' expertise in robotic cancer surgery care today. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Surgical Oncology - **Experience:** 18+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi ##### Brief Summary He is a highly experienced surgical oncologist, known for his precision-driven and patient-centric approach to cancer care. With over 18+ years of clinical experience, he specialises in advanced robotic, minimally invasive cancer surgeries and advanced breast conservation surgeries, delivering comprehensive treatment for complex malignancies aligned with international standards of care. A global leader in oncology, he has successfully treated patients from over 50 countries. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander? You can book an appointment with Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander practice? Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### What is Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander’s specialisation? Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander specialises in Breast Oncoplastic Surgery, Robotic Oncology Surgery, Advanced Laparoscopic Oncology Surgery, Scarless Thyroid Surgery, HIPEC & PIPAC Procedures and Complex Cancer Surgery, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander’s medical qualifications? Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander holds the following qualifications: - MBBS - MS (General Surgery) - MCh (Surgical Oncology) – Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai - FARIS - FALS - FMAS - PIPAC – NCC, Singapore #### How many years of experience does Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander have? Dr. Senthil Kumar Ravichander has over 18 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Dheeraj C H URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-ch-dheeraj Summary: Consult Dr. Dheeraj C H, experienced medical oncologist in Chennai with 12+ years expertise in cancer treatment, personalised care, and advanced therapies. - **Role:** Consultant – Medical Oncology - **Experience:** 12+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu ##### Brief Summary Dr. CH Dheeraj is a compassionate Medical Oncologist with over 7 years of clinical experience in cancer treatment. He holds a strong academic background, including an MBBS, MD (General Medicine), and DM (Medical Oncology), reflecting his commitment to providing the best possible care to his patients. He is fluent in 6 languages, including Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, English, and Hindi, which enables him to connect with a diverse group of patients with ease. With advanced training in oncology, he stays updated with the latest advancements in cancer therapies. He adheres to high standards of medical excellence and guides his patients through every stage of treatment with empathy, clarity, and evidence-based expertise. Dr. Dheeraj’s personalised, patient-centric approach not only addresses physical health concerns but also fosters a supportive and understanding environment for patients and their families throughout the cancer journey. To create comprehensive treatment plans, he collaborates closely with other healthcare professionals, including surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. He has presented numerous papers focusing on oncology, including studies on the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and the correlation of HbA1c with solid organ tumors in non-diabetic individuals. He also serves as a co-investigator for the TROPION-Breast05 trial, TROPION-Lung10 trial, and Tautopathy study, Nivolumab biosimilar study, etc,. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Dheeraj C H? You can book an appointment with Dr. Dheeraj C H by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Dheeraj C H practice? Dr. Dheeraj C H practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Dheeraj C H? Dr. CH Dheeraj is a compassionate Medical Oncologist with over 7 years of clinical experience in cancer treatment. He holds a strong academic background, including an MBBS, MD (General Medicine), and DM (Medical Oncology), reflecting his commitment to providing the best possible care to his patients. He is fluent in 6 languages, including Telugu, Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam, English, and Hindi, which enables him to connect with a diverse group of patients with ease. With advanced training in oncology, he stays updated with the latest advancements in cancer therapies. He adheres to high standards of medical excellence and guides his patients through every stage of treatment with empathy, clarity, and evidence-based expertise. Dr. Dheeraj’s personalised, patient-centric approach not only addresses physical health concerns but also fosters a supportive and understanding environment for patients and their families throughout the cancer journey. To create comprehensive treatment plans, he collaborates closely with other healthcare professionals, including surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. He has presented numerous papers focusing on oncology, including studies on the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma and the correlation of HbA1c with solid organ tumors in non-diabetic individuals. He also serves as a co-investigator for the TROPION-Breast05 trial, TROPION-Lung10 trial, and Tautopathy study, Nivolumab biosimilar study, etc, . #### What is Dr. Dheeraj C H’s specialisation? Dr. Dheeraj C H specialises in Solid organ & Hematologic malignancies, Chemotherapy & Targeted therapy, Immunotherapy, Preventive Oncology, Palliative & Supportive Cancer Care, Oncogenetics and Management of Complex Oncological Cases, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Dheeraj C H’s medical qualifications? Dr. Dheeraj C H holds the following qualifications: - 2014 - MBBS, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh - 2019 - MD (General Medicine), Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Mangalore - 2021 - DNB (General Medicine) - 2023 - DM (Medical Oncology), Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Dheeraj C H have? Dr. Dheeraj C H has over 12 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. --- # Doctors: Women's and Children's Health ## Dr. Palaniappan N URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-palaniappan-n Summary: Consult Dr Palaniappan N, Senior Obstetrics & Gynaecology Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital with 30+ years expertise in high-risk pregnancy care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology - **Experience:** 30+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. N. Palaniappan is one of the leading Obstetricians & Gynaecologists with over 30 years of experience dedicated to women’s health. He specialises in high-risk pregnancies, labour management, gynaecologic surgeries, infertility care, and menstrual and hormonal health. With decades of clinical, surgical, and academic expertise, he aims to provide safe, compassionate, and evidence-based care for women in every stage of her life. A respected leader in his field, Dr. Palaniappan has served in several national roles, including Chairperson of the FOGSI Safe Motherhood Committee and President of the Obstetric & Gynaecological Societies of Southern India (OGSSI). He currently serves as the Vice President of FOGSI (2025). Throughout his career, he has been committed to improving maternal health and empowering women through education and personalised treatment. Known for his exceptional clinical judgment and patient-first approach, he has trained generations of medical students and doctors in India and abroad. He is a regular speaker at national and international conferences and has been honored with several prestigious awards, including the Indhumathi Javeri Award, Best Paper Award at OGSSI, Young Scientist Award (South Zone, 40th AICOG), Dr. A. L. Mudaliar Travelling Fellowship, Young Gynaecologist Award (2007), and the Award for Excellence in Women & Childcare at TN Medclave 2023. Dr. Palaniappan has contributed as an author/co-author of books and journals, and through numerous publications in national and international journals. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Palaniappan N? You can book an appointment with Dr. Palaniappan N by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Palaniappan N practice? Dr. Palaniappan N practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Palaniappan N? Dr. N. Palaniappan is one of the leading Obstetricians & Gynaecologists with over 30 years of experience dedicated to women’s health. He specialises in high-risk pregnancies, labour management, gynaecologic surgeries, infertility care, and menstrual and hormonal health. With decades of clinical, surgical, and academic expertise, he aims to provide safe, compassionate, and evidence-based care for women in every stage of her life. A respected leader in his field, Dr. Palaniappan has served in several national roles, including Chairperson of the FOGSI Safe Motherhood Committee and President of the Obstetric & Gynaecological Societies of Southern India (OGSSI). He currently serves as the Vice President of FOGSI (2025). Throughout his career, he has been committed to improving maternal health and empowering women through education and personalised treatment. Known for his exceptional clinical judgment and patient-first approach, he has trained generations of medical students and doctors in India and abroad. He is a regular speaker at national and international conferences and has been honored with several prestigious awards, including the Indhumathi Javeri Award, Best Paper Award at OGSSI, Young Scientist Award (South Zone, 40th AICOG), Dr. A. L. Mudaliar Travelling Fellowship, Young Gynaecologist Award (2007), and the Award for Excellence in Women & Childcare at TN Medclave 2023. Dr. Palaniappan has contributed as an author/co-author of books and journals, and through numerous publications in national and international journals. #### What is Dr. Palaniappan N’s specialisation? Dr. Palaniappan N specialises in High-Risk Pregnancy Care, Hypertensive Disorders & Diabetes in Pregnancy, Labour & Delivery Management, Minimally Invasive Gynaecologic Surgery, Infertility Evaluation & Management, Adolescent & Reproductive Health and Menopause & Hormonal Health, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Palaniappan N’s medical qualifications? Dr. Palaniappan N holds the following qualifications: - 1992 - MBBS, Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai - 1997 - DNB (O&G), Board of Examinations, New Delhi - FICOG - Fellowship of the Indian College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists - FICS - Fellowship of the International College of Surgeons #### How many years of experience does Dr. Palaniappan N have? Dr. Palaniappan N has over 30 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Nandhini Elumalai URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-nandhini-elumalai Summary: Consult Dr Nandhini Elumalai, Senior Obstetrics & Gynaecology Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital with 15+ years expertise in advanced women’s care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology - **Experience:** 15+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi ##### Brief Summary Dr. Nandhini Elumalai is recognised as one of Chennai's best gynaecologists with 11+ years of experience in advanced laparoscopy, high-risk obstetrics, reproductive medicine, and cosmetic gynaecology. She is known for her patient-centric approach, meticulous surgical skills, and commitment to evidence-based practice. A Gold medallist and Internationally trained clinician, Dr. Nandhini completed her MBBS at SRM University and MS (O&G) at Sri Ramachandra University. Followed by, she has earned international fellowships including F.MAS, F.ART, and a Diploma in Advanced Laparoscopy from Kiel University, Germany. Her dedication to women’s health has earned her recognition, including the prestigious Prof. Savitri Subramaniam Endowment Gold Medal (2014) for Best Outgoing Postgraduate from Sri Ramachandra University. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Nandhini Elumalai? You can book an appointment with Dr. Nandhini Elumalai by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Nandhini Elumalai practice? Dr. Nandhini Elumalai practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Nandhini Elumalai? Dr. Nandhini Elumalai is recognised as one of Chennai's best gynaecologists with 11+ years of experience in advanced laparoscopy, high-risk obstetrics, reproductive medicine, and cosmetic gynaecology. She is known for her patient-centric approach, meticulous surgical skills, and commitment to evidence-based practice. A Gold medallist and Internationally trained clinician, Dr. Nandhini completed her MBBS at SRM University and MS (O&G) at Sri Ramachandra University. Followed by, she has earned international fellowships including F.MAS, F.ART, and a Diploma in Advanced Laparoscopy from Kiel University, Germany. Her dedication to women’s health has earned her recognition, including the prestigious Prof. Savitri Subramaniam Endowment Gold Medal (2014) for Best Outgoing Postgraduate from Sri Ramachandra University. #### What is Dr. Nandhini Elumalai’s specialisation? Dr. Nandhini Elumalai specialises in High-risk pregnancy management, Minimally invasive surgeries (laparoscopy, hysteroscopy), Fertility treatments (IVF, IUI), Menopause and hormonal disorders, Gynaecologic Oncology and Cosmetic Gynaecology, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Nandhini Elumalai’s medical qualifications? Dr. Nandhini Elumalai holds the following qualifications: - 2011 - MBBS, SRM university, Kattankulathur - 2014 - MS (Obstetrics and Gynaecology), Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai - 2015 - F.MAS, World Laparoscopy Hospital, Gurgaon - 2015 F.ART World Laparoscopy Hospital, Gurgaon - 2017 - Diploma in Advanced Laparoscopy, Kiel university - 2022 - Diploma in Cosmetic Gynaecology ICCG #### How many years of experience does Dr. Nandhini Elumalai have? Dr. Nandhini Elumalai has over 15 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-keerthana-rajasekaran Summary: Consult Dr Keerthana Rajasekaran, Obstetrics & Gynaecology Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital with 12+ years experience in high-risk pregnancy and surgery. - **Role:** Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology - **Experience:** 12+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi ##### Brief Summary Gold medallist Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran is an accomplished Consultant in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, trained at AIIMS, New Delhi, India’s foremost tertiary-care and referral centre, with 8+ years of clinical experience. She completed her MD (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) at AIIMS, where she was awarded the prestigious Prof. V. Hingorani Gold Medal for Best Clinical Resident in 2019, and subsequently completed 3 years of Senior Residency at AIIMS, New Delhi. Her rigorous training at AIIMS includes extensive exposure to high-risk pregnancies, complex obstetric emergencies, labour room leadership, and advanced gynaecologic surgeries. Her clinical expertise includes advanced laparoscopic and robotic gynaecologic surgery, high-risk obstetrics, fetal medicine, infertility evaluation, and obstetric ultrasound. She is highly skilled in Cesarean sections, abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies, minimally invasive laparoscopy, robotic gynaecology, and a wide range of minor OT procedures. She has also contributed to community antenatal health through an ICMR-funded pilot project on asymptomatic bacteriuria in rural pregnant women. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran? You can book an appointment with Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran practice? Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran? Gold medallist Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran is an accomplished Consultant in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, trained at AIIMS, New Delhi, India’s foremost tertiary-care and referral centre, with 8+ years of clinical experience. She completed her MD (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) at AIIMS, where she was awarded the prestigious Prof. V. Hingorani Gold Medal for Best Clinical Resident in 2019, and subsequently completed 3 years of Senior Residency at AIIMS, New Delhi. Her rigorous training at AIIMS includes extensive exposure to high-risk pregnancies, complex obstetric emergencies, labour room leadership, and advanced gynaecologic surgeries. Her clinical expertise includes advanced laparoscopic and robotic gynaecologic surgery, high-risk obstetrics, fetal medicine, infertility evaluation, and obstetric ultrasound. She is highly skilled in Cesarean sections, abdominal and vaginal hysterectomies, minimally invasive laparoscopy, robotic gynaecology, and a wide range of minor OT procedures. She has also contributed to community antenatal health through an ICMR-funded pilot project on asymptomatic bacteriuria in rural pregnant women. #### What is Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran’s specialisation? Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran specialises in Management of High-Risk Obstetrics, Advanced Laparoscopic & Robotic Gynaecologic Surgery, Benign and Malignant Gynaecological Conditions, Fetal Medicine, Infertility Evaluation & Early Pregnancy Care and Obstetric Sonography, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran’s medical qualifications? Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran holds the following qualifications: - 2015 - MBBS - 2019 - MD (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) AIIMS, New Delhi - 2020 - DNB (Obstetrics & Gynaecology) - 2025 - FICRS (Fellowship in International College of Robotic Surgeons) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran have? Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran has over 12 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Harish K URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-harish-k Summary: Consult Dr Harish K, Consultant in Paediatrics & Neonatology at SRM Prime Hospital with 14+ years experience in comprehensive child and newborn care. - **Role:** Consultant – Paediatrics & Neonatology - **Experience:** 14+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Areas of Expertise - Paediatrics - Neonatology ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Harish K? You can book an appointment with Dr. Harish K by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Harish K practice? Dr. Harish K practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Harish K? Dr. Harish K is a highly skilled healthcare professional at SRM Prime Hospital, dedicated to delivering personalised treatment and compassionate care. #### What is Dr. Harish K’s specialisation? Dr. Harish K specialises in Paediatrics and Neonatology, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Harish K’s medical qualifications? Dr. Harish K holds the following qualifications: - MBBS - DNB (Paediatrics) - FNNF (Fellowship in Neonatology) - PGPN (BOS) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Harish K have? Dr. Harish K has over 14 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. --- # Doctors: Emergency, Critical Care and Anaesthesia ## Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-vignesh-a-palaniappan Summary: Consult Dr Vignesh A Palaniappan, HOD & Senior Consultant in Emergency Medicine at SRM Prime Hospital with 12+ years experience in trauma and acute care. - **Role:** Head of Department & Senior Consultant – Emergency & Trauma - **Experience:** 12+ Years - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary A leader in emergency care, Dr. Vignesh A Palaniappan brings over 12+ years of diverse experience in managing acute and critical medical conditions in fast-paced emergency settings. Trained in the UK and India, he holds the prestigious Membership of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (MRCEM, UK), reflecting his strong clinical foundation and international standards of practice. With a strong foundation in trauma resuscitation and clinical leadership, he has been instrumental in building the emergency department from the ground up, training clinical teams, and standardising emergency protocols. He has led trauma and resuscitation teams, demonstrating exceptional leadership during critical situations. His expertise includes ventilator management, non-invasive ventilation, and a wide range of emergency procedures. Dr. Vignesh is deeply committed to continuous medical education and stays updated with the latest advancements through research, audits, conferences, and teaching programmes. He is also actively involved in training and mentoring emergency medicine professionals, contributing to the growth of future clinicians ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A? You can book an appointment with Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A practice? Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A? A leader in emergency care, Dr. Vignesh A Palaniappan brings over 12+ years of diverse experience in managing acute and critical medical conditions in fast-paced emergency settings. Trained in the UK and India, he holds the prestigious Membership of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine (MRCEM, UK), reflecting his strong clinical foundation and international standards of practice. With a strong foundation in trauma resuscitation and clinical leadership, he has been instrumental in building the emergency department from the ground up, training clinical teams, and standardising emergency protocols. He has led trauma and resuscitation teams, demonstrating exceptional leadership during critical situations. His expertise includes ventilator management, non-invasive ventilation, and a wide range of emergency procedures. Dr. Vignesh is deeply committed to continuous medical education and stays updated with the latest advancements through research, audits, conferences, and teaching programmes. He is also actively involved in training and mentoring emergency medicine professionals, contributing to the growth of future clinicians #### What is Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A’s specialisation? Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A specialises in Adult & paediatric emergency care, Trauma resuscitation and critical care procedures, Ventilator management and non-invasive ventilation, Emergency Department workflow optimisation and Clinical mentorship and EM training programmes, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A’s medical qualifications? Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A holds the following qualifications: - MBBS – Rajah Muthiah Medical College, Annamalai University - MRCEM – Member of the Royal College of Emergency Medicine, UK - DEM – Diploma in Emergency Medicine, RCGP (UK) - Certified in ATLS, ACLS, BLS, and Advanced Paediatric Life Support - Trained in Advanced Airway Management and Trauma Evaluation (TEAM-B) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A have? Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A has over 12 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Arun Cheguevara S URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-arun-cheguevara-s Summary: Dr. S. Arun Cheguevara is a Consultant Emergency Physician and Clinical Safet - **Role:** Consultant – Emergency Medicine - **Experience:** 8+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 17:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. S. Arun Cheguevara is a Consultant Emergency Physician and Clinical Safety Officer at SRM PRIME Hospital, Chennai, with 8+ years of experience in Emergency Medicine. He provides comprehensive care for medical, surgical, paediatric, trauma and critical emergencies, with expertise in advanced emergency procedures and resuscitation. His professional interests include patient safety, quality improvement and disaster preparedness. He is also actively involved in medical education and professional development, serving as an International RCEM OSCE Examiner, QAI Emergency Department Assessor and AHA BLS & ACLS Instructor. He has been involved as national faculty at major Emergency Medicine conferences and conducts academic programmes, workshops and healthcare professional training. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Arun Cheguevara S? You can book an appointment with Dr. Arun Cheguevara S by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Arun Cheguevara S practice? Dr. Arun Cheguevara S practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### What is Dr. Arun Cheguevara S’s specialisation? Dr. Arun Cheguevara S specialises in Emergency & Trauma Care, Critical Care & Resuscitation, Medical, Surgical & Paediatric Emergencies, Advanced Airway Management, Emergency Procedures, Point-of-Care Ultrasound, Patient Safety & Quality Improvement and Disaster Medicine & Preparedness, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Arun Cheguevara S’s medical qualifications? Dr. Arun Cheguevara S holds the following qualifications: - 2016, MBBS, Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chennai - 2021, MRCEM (UK), Royal College of Emergency Medicine - 2024, FACEE, Fellowship, Academic College of Emergency Experts - 2025, FEM, Fellowship in Emergency Medicine, RCGP (UK) - 2026, MBA, Hospital & Healthcare Management – Dr. M.G.R Institute Educational and Research #### How many years of experience does Dr. Arun Cheguevara S have? Dr. Arun Cheguevara S has over 8 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Prabhu M URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-prabhu-m Summary: Consult Dr Prabhu M, HOD & Senior Consultant in Critical Care Medicine at SRM Prime Hospital with 27+ years experience in ICU care. - **Role:** Head of Department & Senior Consultant – Critical Care Medicine - **Experience:** 27+ Years - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Prabhu M is a highly accomplished Critical Care Specialist with over 27 years of post-graduate experience and nearly two decades of dedicated expertise in super-speciality critical care medicine. With extensive experience in managing critically ill patients, Dr. Prabhu has developed deep expertise in handling complex and high-risk medical conditions, including multi-organ dysfunction, severe infections, post-operative complications, and life-threatening emergencies. His clinical approach is rooted in evidence-based medicine, ensuring that patients receive the most advanced and effective treatments available. As an ICU leader, he has played a pivotal role in establishing and strengthening critical care protocols, improving patient safety standards, and optimising clinical outcomes. He is known for his ability to make timely, precise decisions in high-pressure situations, which is crucial in intensive care settings. His leadership style fosters strong multidisciplinary collaboration, ensuring seamless coordination between medical teams for comprehensive patient care. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Prabhu M? You can book an appointment with Dr. Prabhu M by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Prabhu M practice? Dr. Prabhu M practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Prabhu M? Dr. Prabhu M is a highly accomplished Critical Care Specialist with over 27 years of post-graduate experience and nearly two decades of dedicated expertise in super-speciality critical care medicine. With extensive experience in managing critically ill patients, Dr. Prabhu has developed deep expertise in handling complex and high-risk medical conditions, including multi-organ dysfunction, severe infections, post-operative complications, and life-threatening emergencies. His clinical approach is rooted in evidence-based medicine, ensuring that patients receive the most advanced and effective treatments available. As an ICU leader, he has played a pivotal role in establishing and strengthening critical care protocols, improving patient safety standards, and optimising clinical outcomes. He is known for his ability to make timely, precise decisions in high-pressure situations, which is crucial in intensive care settings. His leadership style fosters strong multidisciplinary collaboration, ensuring seamless coordination between medical teams for comprehensive patient care. #### What is Dr. Prabhu M’s specialisation? Dr. Prabhu M specialises in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Management, Critical Care Medicine, Ventilator Management, Sepsis and Multi-organ Failure Management, Post-Operative Critical Care, Emergency and Trauma Stabilization and Advanced hemodynamic monitoring, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Prabhu M’s medical qualifications? Dr. Prabhu M holds the following qualifications: - 1993 MBBS Sri Ramachandra Medical College (SRMC), Chennai - 1998 DNB (Anaesthesiology) LTMM College, Sion, Mumbai - 2006 FNB (Critical Care Medicine) Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Prabhu M have? Dr. Prabhu M has over 27 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-partheeban-karuppasamy Summary: Consult Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy, a highly experienced Anaesthesiologist with 20+ years' expertise in surgical anaesthesia care at SRM Prime Hospital. - **Role:** Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Anaesthesiology/Surgical & Transplant ICU - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy is a highly experienced Anaesthesiologist with over 2 decades of clinical experience. He is widely recognised for his extensive experience in liver transplant anaesthesia, and the management of critically ill patients, delivering comprehensive perioperative care with a strong focus on patient safety and clinical excellence. His practice is centred on meticulous monitoring, evidence-based care, and a multidisciplinary approach, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients undergoing complex surgical procedures and critical care treatments. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy? You can book an appointment with Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy practice? Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy? Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy is a highly experienced Anaesthesiologist with over 2 decades of clinical experience. He is widely recognised for his extensive experience in liver transplant anaesthesia, and the management of critically ill patients, delivering comprehensive perioperative care with a strong focus on patient safety and clinical excellence. His practice is centred on meticulous monitoring, evidence-based care, and a multidisciplinary approach, ensuring optimal outcomes for patients undergoing complex surgical procedures and critical care treatments. #### What is Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy’s specialisation? Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy specialises in Liver Transplant Anaesthesia & Critical Care and Renal Transplant Anaesthesia, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy’s medical qualifications? Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy holds the following qualifications: - 2008 - FRCA (Fellow of the Royal College of Anaesthetists), United Kingdom - 2008 - FCARCSI (Fellow of the College of Anaesthetists, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland), Ireland #### How many years of experience does Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy have? Dr. Partheeban Karuppasamy has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Ravindra Kumar URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-ravindra-kumar Summary: Consult Dr. Ravindra Kumar, Senior Anaesthesiologist Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital, with 20+ years' expertise in anaesthesia & pain management care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Anaesthesiology, Anaesthesiology/Surgical & Transplant ICU - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Ravindra Kumar is a highly experienced Anaesthesiologist and Critical Care specialist with over two decades of expertise in anaesthesia, intensive care, and pain management. He is adept at managing complex surgical cases, critical care scenarios, and advanced pain management protocols. His expertise spans perioperative care, emergency airway management, and intensive care unit (ICU) management. Dr. Ravindra Kumar is also a certified practitioner in pain and palliative care, with a strong focus on improving quality of life for patients with chronic and terminal illnesses. In addition to his clinical excellence, he is actively involved in teaching, research, and hospital administration, contributing to medical education and healthcare system development. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Ravindra Kumar? You can book an appointment with Dr. Ravindra Kumar by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Ravindra Kumar practice? Dr. Ravindra Kumar practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Ravindra Kumar? Dr. Ravindra Kumar is a highly experienced Anaesthesiologist and Critical Care specialist with over two decades of expertise in anaesthesia, intensive care, and pain management. He is adept at managing complex surgical cases, critical care scenarios, and advanced pain management protocols. His expertise spans perioperative care, emergency airway management, and intensive care unit (ICU) management. Dr. Ravindra Kumar is also a certified practitioner in pain and palliative care, with a strong focus on improving quality of life for patients with chronic and terminal illnesses. In addition to his clinical excellence, he is actively involved in teaching, research, and hospital administration, contributing to medical education and healthcare system development. #### What is Dr. Ravindra Kumar’s specialisation? Dr. Ravindra Kumar specialises in General & Regional Anaesthesia, Intensive and Critical Care Management, Advanced Pain and Palliative Care Techniques, Ultrasound-guided nerve blocks and airway management and Emergency response and resuscitation protocols, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Ravindra Kumar’s medical qualifications? Dr. Ravindra Kumar holds the following qualifications: - MBBS Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem - Diploma in Anaesthesiology (DA) Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai - MD (Anaesthesiology) ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Ravindra Kumar have? Dr. Ravindra Kumar has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Manoj Kumar T R URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-t-r-manoj-kumar Summary: Consult Dr. T.R. Manoj Kumar, Consultant Anaesthesiologist at SRM Prime Hospital, with 7+ years' experience in complex surgical anaesthesia care today. - **Role:** Consultant – Anaesthesiology - **Experience:** 7+ Years - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Manoj Kumar is a skilled and compassionate anaesthesiologist with 7+ years of clinical experience. He brings expertise in providing anaesthesia for high-risk liver and complex hepatobiliary surgeries, renal transplants, and advanced paediatric cases. His focus on patient comfort and safety makes him a trusted name in anaesthesia care across various specialities. With a solid academic background from SRM Medical College, he is trained in delivering safe and effective anaesthesia across a wide range of surgical specialities. He is well-versed in advanced life support protocols and has actively participated in various national conferences and clinical training programmes. Known for his patient-focused approach and calm clinical judgment, Dr. Manoj ensures optimal care and safety before, during, and after surgical procedures. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Manoj Kumar T R? You can book an appointment with Dr. Manoj Kumar T R by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Manoj Kumar T R practice? Dr. Manoj Kumar T R practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Manoj Kumar T R? Dr. Manoj Kumar is a skilled and compassionate anaesthesiologist with 7+ years of clinical experience. He brings expertise in providing anaesthesia for high-risk liver and complex hepatobiliary surgeries, renal transplants, and advanced paediatric cases. His focus on patient comfort and safety makes him a trusted name in anaesthesia care across various specialities. With a solid academic background from SRM Medical College, he is trained in delivering safe and effective anaesthesia across a wide range of surgical specialities. He is well-versed in advanced life support protocols and has actively participated in various national conferences and clinical training programmes. Known for his patient-focused approach and calm clinical judgment, Dr. Manoj ensures optimal care and safety before, during, and after surgical procedures. #### What is Dr. Manoj Kumar T R’s specialisation? Dr. Manoj Kumar T R specialises in High-risk Anaesthesia Care, Paediatric Anaesthesia, Procedure-Based Anaesthesia and Patient-Centric Approach, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Manoj Kumar T R’s medical qualifications? Dr. Manoj Kumar T R holds the following qualifications: - MBBS SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur - MD (Anaesthesiology) SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Kattankulathur #### How many years of experience does Dr. Manoj Kumar T R have? Dr. Manoj Kumar T R has over 7 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Thianesh Raj H URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-h-thianesh-raj Summary: Dr. H. Thianesh Raj is a skilled and dedicated anaesthesiologist with specialized experience - **Role:** Consultant – Anaesthesiology - **Experience:** 8+ Years - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. H. Thianesh Raj is a skilled and dedicated anaesthesiologist with specialized experience in perioperative, transplant and critical care anaesthesia. He is trained in managing patients undergoing complex GI, HPB, laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, with a strong focus on patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes. With expertise in liver and kidney transplant anaesthesia, Dr. Thianesh provides comprehensive anaesthetic and intensive care for both living and deceased donors and transplant recipients. His approach combines meticulous clinical assessment, advanced monitoring and individualized care throughout the perioperative journey. Committed to delivering high-quality care, he focuses on safe anaesthesia, effective critical care management and enhanced recovery, particularly in complex and high-risk surgical settings. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Thianesh Raj H? You can book an appointment with Dr. Thianesh Raj H by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Thianesh Raj H practice? Dr. Thianesh Raj H practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Thianesh Raj H? Dr. H. Thianesh Raj is a skilled and dedicated anaesthesiologist with specialized experience in perioperative, transplant and critical care anaesthesia. He is trained in managing patients undergoing complex GI, HPB, laparoscopic and robotic surgeries, with a strong focus on patient safety and optimal surgical outcomes. With expertise in liver and kidney transplant anaesthesia, Dr. Thianesh provides comprehensive anaesthetic and intensive care for both living and deceased donors and transplant recipients. His approach combines meticulous clinical assessment, advanced monitoring and individualized care throughout the perioperative journey. Committed to delivering high-quality care, he focuses on safe anaesthesia, effective critical care management and enhanced recovery, particularly in complex and high-risk surgical settings. #### What is Dr. Thianesh Raj H’s specialisation? Dr. Thianesh Raj H specialises in Liver & Kidney Transplant Anaesthesia, GI & HPB Surgery Anaesthesia, Laparoscopic & Robotic Surgery Anaesthesia, Perioperative & Critical Care Management, Hemodynamic Monitoring & Coagulopathy Management, Point-of-Care Ultrasound and Advanced Airway & Regional Anaesthesia, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Thianesh Raj H’s medical qualifications? Dr. Thianesh Raj H holds the following qualifications: - 2026 - FCCM (Fellowship in Critical Care Medicine), Virtued University, UK - 2023 - DNB (Anaesthesiology), MIOT Hospital, Chennai - 2018 - MBBS, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Thianesh Raj H have? Dr. Thianesh Raj H has over 8 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. --- # Doctors: Medicine, Surgery and Other Specialities ## Dr. Thomas George A URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-a-thomas-george Summary: Consult Dr A Thomas George, Senior Consultant in General Medicine & Diabetology at SRM Prime Hospital with 40+ years experience. Book appointment. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Internal Medicine and Diabetology - **Experience:** 40+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary With 40+ years of unwavering medical service, Dr. A. Thomas George has become a trusted healthcare icon, caring for generations of families, across India and even from other countries. His vast clinical wisdom, remarkable diagnostic acumen, and compassionate approach have earned him a reputation as one of the most dependable and respected physicians among patients and peers alike. From managing complex medical conditions to providing long-term diabetes care, he empowers patients to achieve lasting, holistic well-being. His excellence has been nationally recognised, including prestigious honours such as India Today’s Top Doctors South 2022 and Outlook’s Best Doctors South 2022, reaffirming his reputation as a leader in the medical community. A pillar of dedication and integrity, Dr. Thomas combines a strong academic foundation with a tireless commitment to patient-centred care. Beyond clinical practice, he has played a transformative role in community health. He was instrumental in establishing the Chennai Medical Centre to make quality healthcare accessible to all. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he led vital telemedicine consultation initiatives, ensuring uninterrupted care when patients needed the most. Through decades of relentless service, compassionate leadership, and visionary contributions, Dr. Thomas continues to be a guiding force in modern healthcare, inspiring trust, hope, and healing in every life he touches. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Thomas George A? You can book an appointment with Dr. Thomas George A by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Thomas George A practice? Dr. Thomas George A practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Thomas George A? With 40+ years of unwavering medical service, Dr. A. Thomas George has become a trusted healthcare icon, caring for generations of families, across India and even from other countries. His vast clinical wisdom, remarkable diagnostic acumen, and compassionate approach have earned him a reputation as one of the most dependable and respected physicians among patients and peers alike. From managing complex medical conditions to providing long-term diabetes care, he empowers patients to achieve lasting, holistic well-being. His excellence has been nationally recognised, including prestigious honours such as India Today’s Top Doctors South 2022 and Outlook’s Best Doctors South 2022, reaffirming his reputation as a leader in the medical community. A pillar of dedication and integrity, Dr. Thomas combines a strong academic foundation with a tireless commitment to patient-centred care. Beyond clinical practice, he has played a transformative role in community health. He was instrumental in establishing the Chennai Medical Centre to make quality healthcare accessible to all. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he led vital telemedicine consultation initiatives, ensuring uninterrupted care when patients needed the most. Through decades of relentless service, compassionate leadership, and visionary contributions, Dr. Thomas continues to be a guiding force in modern healthcare, inspiring trust, hope, and healing in every life he touches. #### What is Dr. Thomas George A’s specialisation? Dr. Thomas George A specialises in Diabetes & Diabetic Complications Management, Lung & Chest Diseases, Geriatric (Old age) Disorders, Hypertension & Heart Failure Management, Fever & Infectious Diseases, Thyroid, Obesity & Metabolic Disorders, Joint Pain & Arthritis Management and Preventive Health Checkup, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Thomas George A’s medical qualifications? Dr. Thomas George A holds the following qualifications: - 1978 MBBS, Kilpauk Medical College - 1984 MD (Internal Medicine), Stanley Medical College #### How many years of experience does Dr. Thomas George A have? Dr. Thomas George A has over 40 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Prabha G URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-prabha-g Summary: Consult Dr. Prabha G, an experienced physician with over 10 years of clinical expertise, offering compassionate, patient-focused care at SRM Prime today. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – General Medicine & Diabeteology - **Experience:** 10+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 12:30 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi, Kannada ##### Brief Summary Dr. Prabha G is an experienced physician with over 10 years of clinical experience in General Medicine and Internal Medicine, with a particular focus on diabetes management and comprehensive medical care. She has extensive experience in evaluating, diagnosing and managing a wide range of acute and chronic medical conditions, with an emphasis on personalised treatment Her expertise in diabetes and hypertension management enables her to provide holistic care for patients dealing with conditions that often require continuous monitoring, lifestyle modification and sustained medical support. She focuses on helping patients achieve better disease control while reducing the risk of long-term complications. Dr. Prabha's approach is built on clinical expertise, evidence-based medicine, compassionate communication and continuity of care. Her ability to simplify complex medical concerns and guide patients through their treatment journey makes her a trusted healthcare partner for individuals and families seeking reliable medical care. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Prabha G? You can book an appointment with Dr. Prabha G by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Prabha G practice? Dr. Prabha G practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Prabha G? Dr. Prabha G is an experienced physician with over 10 years of clinical experience in General Medicine and Internal Medicine, with a particular focus on diabetes management and comprehensive medical care. She has extensive experience in evaluating, diagnosing and managing a wide range of acute and chronic medical conditions, with an emphasis on personalised treatment Her expertise in diabetes and hypertension management enables her to provide holistic care for patients dealing with conditions that often require continuous monitoring, lifestyle modification and sustained medical support. She focuses on helping patients achieve better disease control while reducing the risk of long-term complications. Dr. Prabha's approach is built on clinical expertise, evidence-based medicine, compassionate communication and continuity of care. Her ability to simplify complex medical concerns and guide patients through their treatment journey makes her a trusted healthcare partner for individuals and families seeking reliable medical care. #### What is Dr. Prabha G’s specialisation? Dr. Prabha G specialises in Diabetes Prevention & Long-Term Management, Hypertension Management, Metabolic Disorders, Chronic Disease Management, Lifestyle-Related Disorders, Preventive Healthcare & Wellness, Acute & Chronic Medical Care, Fever & Infectious Conditions, Tropical Diseases and Long-Term Disease Monitoring & Follow-Up, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Prabha G’s medical qualifications? Dr. Prabha G holds the following qualifications: - 2011 - MBBS, Government Mysore Medical College, Karnataka - 2015 - MD (General Medicine), Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Prabha G have? Dr. Prabha G has over 10 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-p-praveen-kumar-reddy Summary: Consult Dr. P. Praveen Kumar Reddy, a compassionate, patient-focused physician at SRM Prime Hospital, specialising in expert general medicine management. - **Role:** Consultant – General Medicine & Diabeteology - **Experience:** 16+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. P. Praveen Kumar is a compassionate and patient-focused physician, specialised in managing & treating acute & chronic illnesses & lifestyle diseases. He is known for his thorough clinical evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and personalised treatment approach that prioritizes patient comfort and recovery. Approachable and reassuring in his care, Dr. Praveen strives to create a supportive clinical environment where patients feel comfortable, confident, and well cared for. His focus remains on delivering safe, ethical, and high-quality medical care that promotes faster recovery and sustained well-being. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P? You can book an appointment with Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P practice? Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P? Dr. P. Praveen Kumar is a compassionate and patient-focused physician, specialised in managing & treating acute & chronic illnesses & lifestyle diseases. He is known for his thorough clinical evaluation, accurate diagnosis, and personalised treatment approach that prioritizes patient comfort and recovery. Approachable and reassuring in his care, Dr. Praveen strives to create a supportive clinical environment where patients feel comfortable, confident, and well cared for. His focus remains on delivering safe, ethical, and high-quality medical care that promotes faster recovery and sustained well-being. #### What is Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P’s specialisation? Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P specialises in Diabetes Management, Lifestyle Disease Management, Hypertension Management, Metabolic Disorders, Acute Illness Care (Fever & Infections), Age-Related Health Concerns and Preventive Healthcare, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P’s medical qualifications? Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P holds the following qualifications: - MD (Internal Medicine) - PGDIPDIAB - AACE #### How many years of experience does Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P have? Dr. Praveen Kumar Reddy P has over 16 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Dayanandan Y URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-dayanandan-y Summary: Consult Dr. Y. Dayanandan, a Consultant in Infectious Diseases & Infection Control at SRM Prime Hospital, offering expert diagnosis & treatment care today. - **Role:** Consultant – Infectious Disease - **Experience:** 8+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 13:30 - 16:30 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Y. Dayanandan is a Consultant in Infectious Diseases and Infection Control with 8+ years of clinical experience in diagnosing and treating a wide spectrum of infectious diseases. With expertise in managing complex bacterial, viral, fungal, and tropical infections, he is dedicated to delivering timely, evidence-based care tailored to each patient's unique needs. His clinical acumen, analytical approach, and commitment to excellence have earned him the trust of both patients and fellow healthcare professionals. He has a special interest in antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention, and the management of challenging infectious diseases, including infections in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Dr. Dayanandan believes that successful treatment extends beyond prescribing medications—it requires accurate diagnosis, meticulous clinical evaluation, and a multidisciplinary approach to ensure the best possible outcomes while promoting responsible antibiotic use. Known for his compassionate and patient-centric approach, Dr. Dayanandan is committed to providing comprehensive care with a strong emphasis on patient safety and quality. He actively engages in clinical research, academic activities, and continuing medical education, enabling him to stay at the forefront of advances in infectious diseases and infection control. His unwavering dedication to clinical excellence ensures that patients receive safe, effective, and up-to-date treatment backed by the latest medical evidence. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Dayanandan Y? You can book an appointment with Dr. Dayanandan Y by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Dayanandan Y practice? Dr. Dayanandan Y practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Dayanandan Y? Dr. Y. Dayanandan is a Consultant in Infectious Diseases and Infection Control with 8+ years of clinical experience in diagnosing and treating a wide spectrum of infectious diseases. With expertise in managing complex bacterial, viral, fungal, and tropical infections, he is dedicated to delivering timely, evidence-based care tailored to each patient's unique needs. His clinical acumen, analytical approach, and commitment to excellence have earned him the trust of both patients and fellow healthcare professionals. He has a special interest in antimicrobial stewardship, infection prevention, and the management of challenging infectious diseases, including infections in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. Dr. Dayanandan believes that successful treatment extends beyond prescribing medications—it requires accurate diagnosis, meticulous clinical evaluation, and a multidisciplinary approach to ensure the best possible outcomes while promoting responsible antibiotic use. Known for his compassionate and patient-centric approach, Dr. Dayanandan is committed to providing comprehensive care with a strong emphasis on patient safety and quality. He actively engages in clinical research, academic activities, and continuing medical education, enabling him to stay at the forefront of advances in infectious diseases and infection control. His unwavering dedication to clinical excellence ensures that patients receive safe, effective, and up-to-date treatment backed by the latest medical evidence. #### What is Dr. Dayanandan Y’s specialisation? Dr. Dayanandan Y specialises in their respective field, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Dayanandan Y’s medical qualifications? Dr. Dayanandan Y holds the following qualifications: - 2012 - MBBS, Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry - 2017 - MD (General Medicine), Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences, Puducherry - 2024 - Post Doctorate Fellowship (PDF) – Microbial Medicine & Infection Control, Gleneagles Hospitals, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Dayanandan Y have? Dr. Dayanandan Y has over 8 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Hema M URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-m-hema Summary: Consult Dr. Hema M, a renowned experienced Rheumatologist at SRM Prime Hospital, offering expert diagnosis & treatment for arthritis & autoimmune disease. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Rheumatology - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Fri - **OPD hours:** 15:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Hema M is one of the renowned experienced Rheumatologists with over two decades of clinical experience in diagnosing and managing autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. She specialises in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus, vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, and other complex musculoskeletal disorders. A respected clinician and researcher, Dr. Hema has presented numerous research papers and scientific posters at prestigious national and international rheumatology conferences, including IRACON, EULAR, APLAR, and the World Rheumatology Forum. She has also been an invited faculty member and speaker at several scientific meetings and CMEs, where she has delivered expert lectures on advancements in rheumatology and autoimmune disorders. With numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, and participation in clinical research, she remains committed to advancing rheumatology while delivering compassionate, evidence-based care to her patients. She is committed to delivering evidence-based, patient-centric care that helps patients achieve better mobility, improved quality of life, and long-term disease control. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Hema M? You can book an appointment with Dr. Hema M by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Hema M practice? Dr. Hema M practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Hema M? Dr. Hema M is one of the renowned experienced Rheumatologists with over two decades of clinical experience in diagnosing and managing autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases. She specialises in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, lupus, vasculitis, connective tissue diseases, and other complex musculoskeletal disorders. A respected clinician and researcher, Dr. Hema has presented numerous research papers and scientific posters at prestigious national and international rheumatology conferences, including IRACON, EULAR, APLAR, and the World Rheumatology Forum. She has also been an invited faculty member and speaker at several scientific meetings and CMEs, where she has delivered expert lectures on advancements in rheumatology and autoimmune disorders. With numerous publications in peer-reviewed journals, book chapters, and participation in clinical research, she remains committed to advancing rheumatology while delivering compassionate, evidence-based care to her patients. She is committed to delivering evidence-based, patient-centric care that helps patients achieve better mobility, improved quality of life, and long-term disease control. #### What is Dr. Hema M’s specialisation? Dr. Hema M specialises in Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ankylosing Spondylitis & Axial Spondyloarthritis, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Psoriatic Arthritis, Vasculitis & Connective Tissue Diseases, Sjogren's Syndrome, Osteoarthritis & Osteoporosis, Gout & Hyperuricemia, Autoimmune & Inflammatory Joint Disorders, Biologic & Advanced Targeted Therapies and Intra-articular Joint Injection Procedures, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Hema M’s medical qualifications? Dr. Hema M holds the following qualifications: - 2001 - MBBS, Chengalpattu Medical College - 2010 - MD (General Medicine), Stanley Medical College, Chennai - 2014 - DM (Rheumatology), Madras Medical College, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Hema M have? Dr. Hema M has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Vivian Kapil URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-vivian-kapil Summary: Consult Dr. Vivian Kapil, a trusted Consultant Psychiatrist at SRM Prime Hospital with over a decade of experience in comprehensive mental health care. - **Role:** Consultant – Psychiatry - **Experience:** 10+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 16:00 - 17:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Vivian Kapil is a trusted Consultant Psychiatrist with more than a decade of global experience, offering patient-centred care. His unique dual training in both India and the prestigious National Health Service (NHS), UK, allows him to provide world-class psychiatric treatment that is both effective and sensitive to local needs. He completed his Royal College of Psychiatrists UK qualification (MRCPsych, UK-2025), and he is dedicated to helping patients achieve mental well-being with a patient-first approach. He is also a recipient of the ‘Early Career Psychiatrist Award’ from the World Association of Social Psychiatry in Bucharest, Romania in 2019. He is trained in giving patient centred treatment, including medications if necessary, counselling, psychotherapies such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) & Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) for depression, anxiety, stress, sleep problems, trauma, bipolar disorder, psychosis, OCD. He has managed basic mental health issues and complex and challenging psychiatric cases in the NHS. He has expertise in Cross Cultural Psychiatry, having worked with diverse patient populations across the UK, Europe, America, Africa, and Asia. He consistently received excellent 360-degree colleague and patient feedback in the UK for empathy, professionalism, clinical acumen, and communication skills. He completed a 3-year International Psychiatry Fellowship at CNTW NHS Foundation Trust, UK — one of the largest and highest-rated mental health institutions in the UK — where he was graded ‘Excellent – Beyond Expectations’. He was also a Section 12(2) Approved Doctor, certified by the Secretary of State, UK for expertise in diagnosing and treating mental disorders (2023-2024). He has also been a resource person for the TN State Judicial Academy. He has been featured in over 80 media articles and interviews in leading newspapers and TV channels across the country and has made research publications in several indexed international medical journals. He believes in providing comprehensive, tailored care through a combination of counselling, psychotherapy, and medication when necessary to help patients on their path to wellness. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Vivian Kapil? You can book an appointment with Dr. Vivian Kapil by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Vivian Kapil practice? Dr. Vivian Kapil practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Vivian Kapil? Dr. Vivian Kapil is a trusted Consultant Psychiatrist with more than a decade of global experience, offering patient-centred care. His unique dual training in both India and the prestigious National Health Service (NHS), UK, allows him to provide world-class psychiatric treatment that is both effective and sensitive to local needs. He completed his Royal College of Psychiatrists UK qualification (MRCPsych, UK-2025), and he is dedicated to helping patients achieve mental well-being with a patient-first approach. He is also a recipient of the ‘Early Career Psychiatrist Award’ from the World Association of Social Psychiatry in Bucharest, Romania in 2019. He is trained in giving patient centred treatment, including medications if necessary, counselling, psychotherapies such as Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) & Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) for depression, anxiety, stress, sleep problems, trauma, bipolar disorder, psychosis, OCD. He has managed basic mental health issues and complex and challenging psychiatric cases in the NHS. He has expertise in Cross Cultural Psychiatry, having worked with diverse patient populations across the UK, Europe, America, Africa, and Asia. He consistently received excellent 360-degree colleague and patient feedback in the UK for empathy, professionalism, clinical acumen, and communication skills. He completed a 3-year International Psychiatry Fellowship at CNTW NHS Foundation Trust, UK — one of the largest and highest-rated mental health institutions in the UK — where he was graded ‘Excellent – Beyond Expectations’. He was also a Section 12(2) Approved Doctor, certified by the Secretary of State, UK for expertise in diagnosing and treating mental disorders (2023-2024). He has also been a resource person for the TN State Judicial Academy. He has been featured in over 80 media articles and interviews in leading newspapers and TV channels across the country and has made research publications in several indexed international medical journals. He believes in providing comprehensive, tailored care through a combination of counselling, psychotherapy, and medication when necessary to help patients on their path to wellness. #### What is Dr. Vivian Kapil’s specialisation? Dr. Vivian Kapil specialises in Anxiety, Depression, Stress & Trauma related disorders, Early Intervention in Psychosis, Schizophrenia and Bipolar disorder, Suicide and Risk Assessment, OCD and Psychosexual problems, Nicotine and Alcohol de-addiction, ADHD, Insomnia, Consultation Liaison Psychiatry especially Delirium, Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) & Ketamine Therapy and Evidence- based Therapies: Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT), offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Vivian Kapil’s medical qualifications? Dr. Vivian Kapil holds the following qualifications: - MBBS-2014-Saveetha Medical College Hospital - MD Psychiatry-2017-Meenakshi Medical College Hospital - International Psychiatry Fellowship (IPF)- 2023- CNTW National Health Service (NHS), UK (graded Excellent- Beyond Expectations) - MRCPsych 2025- Royal College of Psychiatrists, UK #### How many years of experience does Dr. Vivian Kapil have? Dr. Vivian Kapil has over 10 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Yeshwanth T R URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-t-r-yeshwanth Summary: Consult Dr T R Yeshwanth, Senior Consultant in General Surgery at SRM Prime Hospital with 27+ years expertise in laparoscopic and GI procedures. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – General Surgery - **Experience:** 27+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 16:00 - 20:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. T. R. Yeshwanth is a highly experienced Senior Consultant General, Laparoscopic, and Gastrointestinal Surgeon with over 27 years of clinical and surgical expertise in managing both routine and complex surgical conditions. He is widely respected for his surgical precision, calm decision-making, and patient-first approach, especially in emergency and high-risk cases. He is skilled in advanced laparoscopic GI procedures, endocrine surgeries (thyroid and breast), trauma and emergency surgery, and minimally invasive techniques, helping patients recover faster with minimal discomfort and improved outcomes. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Yeshwanth T R? You can book an appointment with Dr. Yeshwanth T R by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Yeshwanth T R practice? Dr. Yeshwanth T R practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Yeshwanth T R? Dr. T. R. Yeshwanth is a highly experienced Senior Consultant General, Laparoscopic, and Gastrointestinal Surgeon with over 27 years of clinical and surgical expertise in managing both routine and complex surgical conditions. He is widely respected for his surgical precision, calm decision-making, and patient-first approach, especially in emergency and high-risk cases. He is skilled in advanced laparoscopic GI procedures, endocrine surgeries (thyroid and breast), trauma and emergency surgery, and minimally invasive techniques, helping patients recover faster with minimal discomfort and improved outcomes. #### What is Dr. Yeshwanth T R’s specialisation? Dr. Yeshwanth T R specialises in Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery, Gastrointestinal (GI) Surgery, Trauma & Emergency Surgery, Endocrine Surgery (Thyroid & Breast), Hernia Repair (Open & Laparoscopic), Upper & Lower GI Endoscopy, Hepatobiliary Procedures and Post-operative Critical Care, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Yeshwanth T R’s medical qualifications? Dr. Yeshwanth T R holds the following qualifications: - 1991 - MBBS - 1998 - MS (General Surgery) - 2008 - Diploma in Basic & Advanced Laparoscopic Surgery - Fellowship of Indian Association of GI Endo Surgeons - Fellow of International College of Surgeons #### How many years of experience does Dr. Yeshwanth T R have? Dr. Yeshwanth T R has over 27 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Lokesh S URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-lokesh-s Summary: Consult Dr. Lokesh S, a highly accomplished Plastic & Reconstructive Surgeon at SRM Prime Hospital, offering expert cosmetic & reconstructive surgery care. - **Role:** Consultant – Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery - **Experience:** 15+ Years - **OPD hours:** 15:00 - 16:00 (Mon); 13:00 - 14:00 (Wed, Sat) - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Lokesh S is a highly accomplished Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon with over 15 years of surgical experience, including extensive expertise in reconstructive microsurgery, trauma care, hand surgery, aesthetic surgery, and advanced cosmetic procedures. Renowned for his precision, and patient-centric care, he is committed to delivering natural-looking outcomes while restoring both function and confidence. His expertise spans the full spectrum of plastic and reconstructive surgery, from managing complex trauma, burns, diabetic foot, and microvascular reconstruction to performing advanced cosmetic procedures for the face, body, and breast. By combining meticulous surgical techniques with the latest innovations in aesthetic medicine, Dr. Lokesh offers personalised treatment plans that prioritize safety, functionality, and long-term results. Passionate about clinical excellence and continuous innovation, Dr. Lokesh has undergone advanced international training in aesthetic surgery, hair transplantation, and rhinoplasty. He remains dedicated to providing evidence-based care using modern surgical techniques, helping patients achieve transformative outcomes with compassion, precision, and the highest standards of quality. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Lokesh S? You can book an appointment with Dr. Lokesh S by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Lokesh S practice? Dr. Lokesh S practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Lokesh S? Dr. Lokesh S is a highly accomplished Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon with over 15 years of surgical experience, including extensive expertise in reconstructive microsurgery, trauma care, hand surgery, aesthetic surgery, and advanced cosmetic procedures. Renowned for his precision, and patient-centric care, he is committed to delivering natural-looking outcomes while restoring both function and confidence. His expertise spans the full spectrum of plastic and reconstructive surgery, from managing complex trauma, burns, diabetic foot, and microvascular reconstruction to performing advanced cosmetic procedures for the face, body, and breast. By combining meticulous surgical techniques with the latest innovations in aesthetic medicine, Dr. Lokesh offers personalised treatment plans that prioritize safety, functionality, and long-term results. Passionate about clinical excellence and continuous innovation, Dr. Lokesh has undergone advanced international training in aesthetic surgery, hair transplantation, and rhinoplasty. He remains dedicated to providing evidence-based care using modern surgical techniques, helping patients achieve transformative outcomes with compassion, precision, and the highest standards of quality. #### What is Dr. Lokesh S’s specialisation? Dr. Lokesh S specialises in Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Cosmetic & Aesthetic Surgery, Hair Transplantation, Rhinoplasty (Nose Reshaping), Liposuction & Body Contouring, Tummy Tuck (Abdominoplasty), Gynecomastia Correction, Breast Augmentation, Reduction & Lift, Eyelid Surgery (Blepharoplasty), Facelift & Brow Lift, Hand Surgery & Microvascular Reconstruction, Diabetic Foot & Complex Wound Reconstruction, Burns & Trauma Reconstruction and Botox, Dermal Fillers & Thread Lift Procedures, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Lokesh S’s medical qualifications? Dr. Lokesh S holds the following qualifications: - 2007 - MBBS, Chengalpattu Medical College, Tamilnadu - 2012 - DNB (General Surgery), Sundaram Medical Foundation, Anna Nagar, Chennai - 2018 - MCh (Plastic Surgery), Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai - 2019, DNB (Plastic Surgery) - 2020 - Fellowship in Hair Transplantion, Medispa Institute, Jaipur with Dr.Suneet Soni - 2020 - Fellowship in Aesthetic Medicine (FAM), ILAMED and University of Greifswald, Germany - 2021 - Fellowship in Aesthetic Surgery, Instituto de Benito Barcelona, Spain #### How many years of experience does Dr. Lokesh S have? Dr. Lokesh S has over 15 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Sharath Rajkumar URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-sharath-rajkumar Summary: Consult Dr Sharath Rajkumar, Consultant Vascular Surgery at SRM Prime Hospital for advanced AV fistula, varicose vein and aneurysm care. - **Role:** Consultant – Vascular Surgery - **Experience:** 6+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 09:00 - 18:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Sharath Rajkumar is a skilled vascular surgeon with an M.Ch in Vascular Surgery from Government Stanley Medical College. He specialises in the treatment of complex vascular conditions including AV fistula creation, varicose vein therapies, and aneurysm surgeries. With a passion for research, innovation, and teaching, he actively contributes to the advancement of vascular surgical practices. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Sharath Rajkumar? You can book an appointment with Dr. Sharath Rajkumar by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Sharath Rajkumar practice? Dr. Sharath Rajkumar practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### What is Dr. Sharath Rajkumar’s specialisation? Dr. Sharath Rajkumar specialises in AV Fistula Creation & Complication Management, Varicose Vein Treatment – Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT), Foam, Glue Ablation, Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Venous Disease Management, Open & Endovascular Surgery for Peripheral Arterial Disease and Aneurysm Surgery – Endovascular Aneurysm, Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Sharath Rajkumar’s medical qualifications? Dr. Sharath Rajkumar holds the following qualifications: - M.Ch – Vascular Surgery – Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai (2022) - M.S – General Surgery – Pondicherry Institute of Medical Sciences (2018) - M.B.B.S. – SRM Medical College, Kattankulathur (2011) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Sharath Rajkumar have? Dr. Sharath Rajkumar has over 6 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Balamurugan K URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-balamurugan-k Summary: Consult Dr Balamurugan K, Senior ENT Specialist at SRM Prime Hospital with 27+ years experience in comprehensive ear, nose and throat care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – ENT - **Experience:** 27+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 13:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Balamurugan K is a highly experienced ENT Surgeon with nearly 2 decades of expertise in diagnosing and managing a wide range of ear, nose, and throat conditions. He is skilled in performing both routine and advanced ENT procedures, with a strong focus on patient-centred care and clinical excellence. He has extensive experience working across leading hospitals in Chennai, handling outpatient consultations, emergency care, and major as well as minor surgical procedures. Known for his precise surgical skills and effective communication, Dr. Balamurugan ensures comprehensive care for patients of all age groups. In addition to clinical practice, he has actively contributed to medical education, mentoring junior doctors, nursing staff, and students. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Balamurugan K? You can book an appointment with Dr. Balamurugan K by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Balamurugan K practice? Dr. Balamurugan K practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Balamurugan K? Dr. Balamurugan K is a highly experienced ENT Surgeon with nearly 2 decades of expertise in diagnosing and managing a wide range of ear, nose, and throat conditions. He is skilled in performing both routine and advanced ENT procedures, with a strong focus on patient-centred care and clinical excellence. He has extensive experience working across leading hospitals in Chennai, handling outpatient consultations, emergency care, and major as well as minor surgical procedures. Known for his precise surgical skills and effective communication, Dr. Balamurugan ensures comprehensive care for patients of all age groups. In addition to clinical practice, he has actively contributed to medical education, mentoring junior doctors, nursing staff, and students. #### What is Dr. Balamurugan K’s specialisation? Dr. Balamurugan K specialises in Myringoplasty, Tympanoplasty, Mastoidectomy, Septoplasty, Submucous Resection, Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS), Adenotonsillectomy, Microlaryngeal surgery, Direct laryngoscopy, Tracheostomy, Foreign body removal and Nasal Endoscopy and Video Laryngoscopy, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Balamurugan K’s medical qualifications? Dr. Balamurugan K holds the following qualifications: - 1999 - MBBS Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai - 2005 - DLO Sri Ramachandra Medical College & Research Institute, Chennai - 2008 - DNB (ENT) Sundaram Medical Foundation, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Balamurugan K have? Dr. Balamurugan K has over 27 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Somu Lakshmanan URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-somu-lakshmanan Summary: Consult Dr Somu Lakshmanan, Senior ENT Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital with 20+ years experience in advanced ear, nose and throat care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – ENT - **Experience:** 20+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 17:00 - 19:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Somu is a compassionate and highly experienced ENT specialist with over two decades of clinical & surgical experience in treating complex ear, nose, throat, voice, and airway conditions. He is skilled in advanced endoscopic sinus surgery, skull base procedures, voice and airway surgeries, cochlear implant evaluations, and minimally invasive ENT techniques. His extensive experience in managing head & neck infections, tumours, fungal diseases, and airway disorders makes him a trusted specialist for both routine and complex ENT problems. In addition to clinical excellence, Dr. Somu has authored medical textbooks and contributed to over 50 national and international scientific publications, reflecting his deep knowledge and commitment to evidence-based practice ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Somu Lakshmanan? You can book an appointment with Dr. Somu Lakshmanan by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Somu Lakshmanan practice? Dr. Somu Lakshmanan practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Somu Lakshmanan? Dr. Somu is a compassionate and highly experienced ENT specialist with over two decades of clinical & surgical experience in treating complex ear, nose, throat, voice, and airway conditions. He is skilled in advanced endoscopic sinus surgery, skull base procedures, voice and airway surgeries, cochlear implant evaluations, and minimally invasive ENT techniques. His extensive experience in managing head & neck infections, tumours, fungal diseases, and airway disorders makes him a trusted specialist for both routine and complex ENT problems. In addition to clinical excellence, Dr. Somu has authored medical textbooks and contributed to over 50 national and international scientific publications, reflecting his deep knowledge and commitment to evidence-based practice #### What is Dr. Somu Lakshmanan’s specialisation? Dr. Somu Lakshmanan specialises in Comprehensive ENT Care for all age groups, Endoscopic Sinus & Nasal Surgeries, Ear Disorders & Hearing Care, Voice, Speech & Swallowing Disorders, Paediatric ENT Care and Head & Neck Conditions, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Somu Lakshmanan’s medical qualifications? Dr. Somu Lakshmanan holds the following qualifications: - 1996 - MBBS - 2000 - MS (ENT) #### How many years of experience does Dr. Somu Lakshmanan have? Dr. Somu Lakshmanan has over 20 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-arulalan-mathialagan Summary: Consult Dr Arulalan Mathialagan, ENT Consultant at SRM Prime Hospital with 13+ years expertise in advanced ear, balance and skull base care. - **Role:** Consultant – ENT, Neurotology & Skull Base Surgery - **Experience:** 13+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 16:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan is a highly skilled ENT surgeon with advanced expertise in neurotology and skull base surgery. He has extensive experience in managing complex ear disorders, balance problems, skull base tumors, and head & neck conditions He is trained at premier institutes across India and has further specialised with a Post-Doctoral Certificate Course (PDCC) in Neuro-otology from SGPGIMS, Lucknow. With strong expertise in skull base surgery, cochlear implantation, and neuro-otological disorders, Dr. Arulalan is known for his precision in surgery, evidence-based approach, and dedication to patient care. He has significant academic and research contributions with multiple national and international publications. His approach emphasizes precision, patient safety, and clear guidance at every stage of care, ensuring patients feel informed, confident, and supported throughout their treatment journey. He has received several prestigious recognitions, including gold medals at national conferences and accolades for surgical excellence. He has also contributed as an faculty and speaker at various national and international ENT forums. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan? You can book an appointment with Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan practice? Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan? Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan is a highly skilled ENT surgeon with advanced expertise in neurotology and skull base surgery. He has extensive experience in managing complex ear disorders, balance problems, skull base tumors, and head & neck conditions He is trained at premier institutes across India and has further specialised with a Post-Doctoral Certificate Course (PDCC) in Neuro-otology from SGPGIMS, Lucknow. With strong expertise in skull base surgery, cochlear implantation, and neuro-otological disorders, Dr. Arulalan is known for his precision in surgery, evidence-based approach, and dedication to patient care. He has significant academic and research contributions with multiple national and international publications. His approach emphasizes precision, patient safety, and clear guidance at every stage of care, ensuring patients feel informed, confident, and supported throughout their treatment journey. He has received several prestigious recognitions, including gold medals at national conferences and accolades for surgical excellence. He has also contributed as an faculty and speaker at various national and international ENT forums. #### What is Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan’s specialisation? Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan specialises in Ear-related Disorders, Paediatric ENT, Nasal allergy, Nasal Problems & Sinus infection, Snorring & Sleep apnoea, Endoscopic Surgery, Vertigo, dizziness, & balance disorders, Cochlear Implantation, Facial nerve disorders, Laser assisted surgeries, Lateral & Anterior Skull base surgery and Head & Neck surgery, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan’s medical qualifications? Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan holds the following qualifications: - MBBS Kanyakumari Govt. Medical College - Kanyakumari - MS: Otorhinolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery - Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)- Chandigarh - DNB: Otorhinolaryngology - National Board of Examination - New Delhi - Postdoctoral Course: Neuro-Otology - Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS)- Lucknow #### How many years of experience does Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan have? Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan has over 13 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Laavanyaa S URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-s-laavanyaa Summary: Consult Dr S Laavanyaa, Senior Ophthalmologist at SRM Prime Hospital with 12+ years expertise in retina care and advanced cataract surgery. - **Role:** Consultant – Ophthalmology - **Experience:** 12+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sun - **OPD hours:** 10:00 - 12:00 - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr Laavanyaa is a skilled ophthalmologist, renowned for her expertise in Medical Retina and advanced Cataract Care. With 10+ years of experience, she brings a blend of clinical precision, academic excellence, and compassionate care. With a strong focus on restoring vision, she is committed to delivering comprehensive eye care through advanced techniques and patient-first approach. She has managed numerous complex retinal & diabetic eye conditions with a track record of more than 1000 cataract surgeries (topical phacoemulsification) and retinal interventions (lasers and intravitreal injections). Dr. Laavanyaa has also contributed to national and international medical publications and presentations. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Laavanyaa S? You can book an appointment with Dr. Laavanyaa S by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Laavanyaa S practice? Dr. Laavanyaa S practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Laavanyaa S? Dr Laavanyaa is a skilled ophthalmologist, renowned for her expertise in Medical Retina and advanced Cataract Care. With 10+ years of experience, she brings a blend of clinical precision, academic excellence, and compassionate care. With a strong focus on restoring vision, she is committed to delivering comprehensive eye care through advanced techniques and patient-first approach. She has managed numerous complex retinal & diabetic eye conditions with a track record of more than 1000 cataract surgeries (topical phacoemulsification) and retinal interventions (lasers and intravitreal injections). Dr. Laavanyaa has also contributed to national and international medical publications and presentations. #### What is Dr. Laavanyaa S’s specialisation? Dr. Laavanyaa S specialises in Comprehensive Eye Care, Diabetic Retinopathy Management, Advanced Cataract Treatment, Glaucoma Care, Uveitis Management, Paediatric Ophthalmology and Refractive Error Corrections, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Laavanyaa S’s medical qualifications? Dr. Laavanyaa S holds the following qualifications: - 2015 - MBBS - 2017 - Diploma in Ophthalmology - 2019 - MS (Ophthalmology) - 2021 - Fellowship in Medical Retina #### How many years of experience does Dr. Laavanyaa S have? Dr. Laavanyaa S has over 12 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Narayanan A URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-narayanan-a Summary: Consult Dr. Narayanan A, a renowned dermatologist in Chennai with a wealth of experience treating chronic skin conditions at SRM Prime Hospital. Book now. - **Role:** Consultant – Dermatology - **Experience:** 11+ Years - **OPD days:** Mon–Sat - **Languages:** English, Tamil, Hindi 10:00 - 13:00 / 16:30 - 17:30 ##### Brief Summary Dr. Narayanan A is a renowned dermatologist in Chennai with a wealth of experience across various domains of dermatology, with specialised skills in both general and procedural dermatology. He did his MD from the prestigious All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, where he was awarded the prestigious Dr K. C. Kandhari Book Prize for being the best postgraduate and PDCC in Paediatric Dermatology from Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. He further refined his expertise through rigorous training during his senior residency at AIIMS (Jodhpur), AIIMS (Bhubaneswar), and JIPMER (Puducherry). He is proficient with extensive experience in clinical dermatology covering a wide spectrum of conditions such as Immunobullous diseases, Connective tissue diseases, Leprosy, Contact dermatitis, Vitiligo, Psoriasis, & Venereology and procedural dermatology techniques, including Mohs micrographic surgery, Vitiligo surgery, Fat transfer, Excision procedures, Microneedling, Subcision, Dermabrasion, Chemical peels, Radiofrequency, Cryotherapy, PRP, and Laser treatments. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Narayanan A? You can book an appointment with Dr. Narayanan A by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Narayanan A practice? Dr. Narayanan A practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Narayanan A? Dr. Narayanan A is a renowned dermatologist in Chennai with a wealth of experience across various domains of dermatology, with specialised skills in both general and procedural dermatology. He did his MD from the prestigious All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, where he was awarded the prestigious Dr K. C. Kandhari Book Prize for being the best postgraduate and PDCC in Paediatric Dermatology from Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry. He further refined his expertise through rigorous training during his senior residency at AIIMS (Jodhpur), AIIMS (Bhubaneswar), and JIPMER (Puducherry). He is proficient with extensive experience in clinical dermatology covering a wide spectrum of conditions such as Immunobullous diseases, Connective tissue diseases, Leprosy, Contact dermatitis, Vitiligo, Psoriasis, & Venereology and procedural dermatology techniques, including Mohs micrographic surgery, Vitiligo surgery, Fat transfer, Excision procedures, Microneedling, Subcision, Dermabrasion, Chemical peels, Radiofrequency, Cryotherapy, PRP, and Laser treatments. #### What is Dr. Narayanan A’s specialisation? Dr. Narayanan A specialises in Management of Skin Disorders, Paediatric Dermatology, Cosmetic & Aesthetic Treatment, Cryotherapy & PRP Treatment and Psoriasis & Vitiligo Treatment, offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Narayanan A’s medical qualifications? Dr. Narayanan A holds the following qualifications: - MBBS Thanjavur Medical College, Thanjavur - MD (Dermatology and Venereology) AIIMS, New Delhi - PDCC (Paediatric Dermatology) JIPMER, Puducherry #### How many years of experience does Dr. Narayanan A have? Dr. Narayanan A has over 11 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. ## Dr. Jeffrey Ralph URL: https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-jeffrey-ralph Summary: Consult Dr. Jeffrey Ralph, a highly experienced Radiologist at SRM Prime Hospital with over a decade of expertise in advanced diagnostic imaging care. - **Role:** Senior Consultant – Radiology - **Experience:** 10+ Years - **Languages:** English, Tamil ##### Brief Summary Dr. Jeffrey Ralph is a highly experienced Radiologist with over a decade of expertise in advanced diagnostic imaging and image-guided interventions. Renowned for his precision, clinical acumen, and patient-focused approach, he has played a pivotal role in delivering accurate and timely diagnoses that support effective treatment across a wide spectrum of medical specialities. With a special interest in gastrointestinal imaging, genitourinary imaging, oncological imaging, and CT-guided interventional procedures, Dr. Jeffrey combines extensive clinical experience with a strong commitment to academic excellence. An accomplished academician and researcher, Dr. Jeffrey has presented at numerous regional and national scientific forums, organised radiology workshops, and published research in reputed peer-reviewed journals. His passion for innovation, teaching, and continuous learning enables him to provide patients with the latest advancements in diagnostic imaging while maintaining the highest standards of quality and safety. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment with Dr. Jeffrey Ralph? You can book an appointment with Dr. Jeffrey Ralph by clicking the button below or by contacting SRM Prime Hospital directly through our helpline. #### Where does Dr. Jeffrey Ralph practice? Dr. Jeffrey Ralph practises at SRM Prime Hospital, providing expert medical care with a focus on patient well-being and clinical excellence. #### Who is Dr. Jeffrey Ralph? Dr. Jeffrey Ralph is a highly experienced Radiologist with over a decade of expertise in advanced diagnostic imaging and image-guided interventions. Renowned for his precision, clinical acumen, and patient-focused approach, he has played a pivotal role in delivering accurate and timely diagnoses that support effective treatment across a wide spectrum of medical specialities. With a special interest in gastrointestinal imaging, genitourinary imaging, oncological imaging, and CT-guided interventional procedures, Dr. Jeffrey combines extensive clinical experience with a strong commitment to academic excellence. An accomplished academician and researcher, Dr. Jeffrey has presented at numerous regional and national scientific forums, organised radiology workshops, and published research in reputed peer-reviewed journals. His passion for innovation, teaching, and continuous learning enables him to provide patients with the latest advancements in diagnostic imaging while maintaining the highest standards of quality and safety. #### What is Dr. Jeffrey Ralph’s specialisation? Dr. Jeffrey Ralph specialises in Diagnostic imaging with emphasis on abdominal, pelvic, and oncologic systems, CT-guided Interventions and minimally invasive procedures, Pain management and interventional radiology and Small bowel diagnostics (CT Enterography & Enteroclysis), offering advanced diagnosis and treatment options. #### What are Dr. Jeffrey Ralph’s medical qualifications? Dr. Jeffrey Ralph holds the following qualifications: - 2014 - M.D. (Radiodiagnosis), Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai - 2010 - M.B.B.S., Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai #### How many years of experience does Dr. Jeffrey Ralph have? Dr. Jeffrey Ralph has over 10 years of experience in providing high-quality medical services. --- # Patient Guides: Heart, Brain and Spine ## Silent Heart Attack Symptoms You Should Never Ignore URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/silent-heart-attack-symptoms-warning-signs-guide Summary: Learn the silent heart attack symptoms you should never ignore. Discover warning signs, causes, and when to seek immediate medical attention. ### Blog & Articles 1 in 4 heart attacks occurs without typical chest pain Most people imagine a heart attack as sudden, dramatic chest pain that demands immediate attention. But that’s not always the case. Silent heart attack symptoms can appear mild, confusing, or even go unnoticed. Many people mistake them for acidity, [fatigue](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types), or muscle strain. The danger? You may not realize your heart has been affected until serious damage has already occurred. Understanding silent heart attack symptoms is not about fear, it's about awareness. When you know what to look for, you give yourself or your loved ones a better chance at timely care and recovery. ### What Is a Silent Heart Attack? A silent heart attack happens when blood flow to the part of the heart is blocked, but the symptoms are subtle or unusual. Unlike a typical heart attack, there may not be intense chest pain. Many patients discover it later during routine ECG tests, Echo | Routine health checkup done for other reasons. By then, the heart muscle may already have suffered damage. The word “silent” does not mean harmless. It simply means the warning signs were quiet. ### Common Silent Heart Attack Symptoms #### 1. Mild Chest Discomfort Instead of crushing pain, it may feel like: - Tightness, Heaviness or Pressure - A squeezing sensation - Mild burning that feels like indigestion Many people ignore this because it is not severe. #### 2. Shortness of Breath You may feel breathless while walking, climbing stairs, or even resting. If this feeling is new or unexplained, it should not be dismissed. #### 3. Unusual Fatigue One of the most overlooked silent heart attack symptoms is extreme tiredness. If someone who is usually active suddenly feels drained without reason, the heart may be struggling. #### 4. Nausea or Stomach Discomfort Some people experience: - Nausea - Vomiting - Upper abdominal heaviness It can feel like gas trouble or food poisoning. #### 5. Pain in Other Areas Discomfort may spread to: - Jaw - Neck - Back - Shoulders - Arms (especially the left arm) Because the pain is not centred in the chest, many do not connect it to the heart. ### Why Silent Heart Attack Symptoms Are Often Ignored Several reasons explain why people miss the warning signs: - Symptoms are mild - They appear gradually - People assume it is stress or acidity - Lack of awareness - Fear of [hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us/) In many cases, people continue their daily routine without realizing their heart is in danger. ### Who Is at Higher Risk? Silent heart attack symptoms are more common in certain groups: - People with diabetes - Older adults - Individuals with high blood pressure - Smokers - Those with high cholesterol - Women [Diabetes](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/diabetic-retinopathy-symptoms-prevention-treatment) is especially risky because nerve damage reduces pain sensation. So the heart suffers quietly. ### Silent Heart Attack Symptoms in Women Women often experience different warning signs compared to men. Instead of severe chest pain, women may notice: - Extreme fatigue - [Shortness of breath](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/breathlessness-causes-when-to-get-checked) - Sleep disturbances - Back or jaw pain - Nausea Because these signs are not dramatic, they are often ignored or misdiagnosed. ### When Should You Seek Medical Help? Go to the nearest healthcare facility it symptoms last > 5mins: You should not wait for “severe” pain. Seek immediate medical care if you notice: - Sudden shortness of breath - Unexplained sweating - Persistent chest pressure | Heaviness - Pain spreading to the jaw or arm - Lightheadedness or dizziness If symptoms last more than 5 minutes, do not delay. Even if it turns out to be nothing serious, it is always better to check. ### How Doctors Detect Silent Heart Attacks Silent heart attack symptoms may pass unnoticed, but doctors can detect past damage through: - ECG (Electrocardiogram) - Blood tests (Troponin) - Echocardiogram - Coronary angiogram Easy test prevents future major heart attacks [Regular health check-ups](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/preventive-health-checkup-importance-every-age-guide) play a major role in identifying hidden risks early. ### Prevention: Protecting Your Heart You cannot always predict silent heart attack symptoms, but you can reduce your risk. #### Healthy Habits That Matter - Maintain a balanced diet - Exercise at least 30 minutes daily - Stop smoking - Control blood pressure - Manage blood sugar - Reduce stress - Annual heart health checkup after 40 (easier if diabetes) Prevention is not about doing everything perfectly. It is about making consistent, realistic choices. ### Why easy early detection matters A silent heart attack can weaken the heart muscle. Over time, this may lead to: - Heart failure - Irregular heartbeat - Increased risk of another heart attack - Reduced exercise capacity Many people only realize something was wrong after experiencing complications. That is why awareness of silent heart attack symptoms is not optional, it is essential. ### A Unique Perspective: The “Busy Life” Trap In today’s fast-paced world, people push through discomfort. Deadlines, responsibilities, and daily stress often come before personal health. A person may think: “I’ll rest later.” “It’s just gas.” “I don’t have time for a [hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) visit.” This mindset can be dangerous. Heart health rarely shouts. It whispers first. Those whispers of mild fatigue, slight discomfort, shortness of breath are easy to overlook. But listening early can save years of life. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Can a 1 in 4 heart attack happen without chest pain? Yes. Many silent heart attack symptoms do not include severe chest pain. That is what makes them difficult to identify. #### How long do silent heart attack symptoms last? They may last a few minutes, come and go, or feel mild for hours. Because they are subtle, people often ignore them. #### Are silent heart attacks common? They are more common than most people think. Some studies suggest a significant number of heart attacks go unnoticed until later tests reveal them. #### Can you survive a silent heart attack? Yes, many people survive. However, if it goes damaged heart muscle can increase risk of heart failure & future heart attacks. #### How can I confirm if I had one? Only medical tests like an ECG, Echo | Cardiac MRI can confirm previous heart damage. ### Final Thoughts Silent heart attacks may not cause severe pain, but they can still damage heart muscle. The body often sends small signals before a major event. Ignoring them does not make them disappear. If you or someone close to you notices unexplained fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pressure, or unusual discomfort, do not delay seeking medical advice. Early testing – ECG & Echocardiogram can identify heart damage & help prevent future major heart attacks or heart failure. Do not wait for severe pain. When symptoms are new/unusual, timely medical evaluation makes a significant difference. “Your heart works for you every second. Listening to it easily can save your life.” ## Heart Palpitations: Causes, Symptoms and When to Worry – Understanding Heart Palpitations Causes URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/heart-palpitations-causes-symptoms-when-to-worry Summary: Learn about heart palpitations causes, symptoms, triggers, diagnosis, and when to worry. Know when palpitations may require medical evaluation. Heart palpitations can feel like the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering, or skipping a beat. They may occur for a few seconds or continue for several minutes. While many heart palpitations causes are related to stress, physical activity, caffeine, or lack of sleep, palpitations can sometimes be linked to an abnormal heart rhythm or another medical condition. The sensation itself does not always indicate a [heart problem](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/stroke-symptoms-use-the-befast-test-and-act-within-the-golden-hour). What matters is when it occurs, how long it lasts, how often it happens, and whether other symptoms appear at the same time. ### What Are Heart Palpitations? Heart palpitations are an increased awareness of the heartbeat. A person may notice the heart beating faster, harder, or irregularly. The sensation may be felt in the chest, throat, or neck. Palpitations can occur while exercising, resting, sitting quietly, or even trying to sleep. Some episodes have an obvious trigger, while others appear without a clear reason. For many people, occasional palpitations are temporary. However, frequent or unexplained episodes may need medical evaluation. ### Common Heart Palpitations Causes There are several possible heart palpitations causes, ranging from everyday triggers to conditions affecting the heart or other parts of the body. #### Stress and Anxiety Strong emotions can trigger the release of stress hormones, which may increase the heart rate. Anxiety, emotional stress, fear, excitement, or panic may therefore cause noticeable heartbeats. #### Caffeine and Other Stimulants Coffee, tea, energy drinks, nicotine, and some stimulant-containing products can increase heart rate in certain people. Individual sensitivity varies, so even moderate caffeine intake may trigger palpitations in some cases. #### Physical Activity The heart naturally beats faster during exercise because the body needs more oxygen-rich blood. A faster heartbeat during physical activity is often normal. However, unusual palpitations during exercise, especially with other symptoms, should be evaluated. #### Lack of Sleep and Fatigue Poor sleep and exhaustion can affect the nervous system and increase stress hormones. This may make a person more aware of their heartbeat or contribute to episodes of palpitations. #### Hormonal Changes Hormonal fluctuations during pregnancy, menstruation, or menopause may cause changes in heart rate. These episodes are often temporary, but repeated symptoms should still be discussed with a doctor. #### Medical Conditions Some medical problems can also cause palpitations. These may include: - Overactive thyroid - Anaemia - Fever - Low blood sugar - Dehydration - Electrolyte imbalance - Low blood pressure Treating the underlying condition may help reduce the episodes. ### Can Heart Palpitations Be Related to the Heart? Yes. Some palpitations are caused by changes in the heart's electrical activity. These are known as arrhythmias. Examples include atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and other abnormal heart rhythms. People with existing heart disease may also require closer assessment when new palpitations develop. This does not mean every unusual heartbeat is dangerous. An ECG or other cardiac tests may be needed to determine whether the rhythm is normal or abnormal. ### What Do Heart Palpitations Feel Like? People describe palpitations differently. Common sensations include: - Racing heartbeat - Fluttering in the chest - Pounding heartbeat - Skipped or extra beats - Sudden rapid heartbeat - A brief pause followed by a strong beat The sensation may last only a few seconds or continue longer. Recording when episodes occur, their duration, and possible triggers can provide useful information during a medical consultation. ### When Should You Worry About Heart Palpitations? Occasional palpitations without other symptoms may not require urgent treatment. Medical evaluation becomes more important when episodes occur repeatedly, last longer, become more intense, or develop without an obvious trigger. Immediate medical attention may be necessary when palpitations occur with: - Chest pain or pressure - Severe breathlessness - Fainting or loss of consciousness - Severe dizziness or weakness - Unusual sweating - Palpitations that do not settle These symptoms can sometimes indicate a significant heart rhythm or cardiovascular problem and should not be ignored. ### How Are Heart Palpitations Diagnosed? A doctor usually begins by asking about the symptoms, medical history, medicines, caffeine intake, stress, and previous heart problems. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may be performed to examine the heart's electrical activity. If palpitations occur only occasionally, a Holter monitor or another portable rhythm monitor may be recommended. Blood tests may also help identify anaemia, thyroid disorders, electrolyte abnormalities, or other possible causes. ### Can Heart Palpitations Be Prevented? Prevention depends on the underlying cause. For people whose symptoms are linked to lifestyle triggers, simple changes may help. These can include limiting excessive caffeine, avoiding nicotine, staying hydrated, getting adequate sleep, and managing stress. People experiencing repeated episodes should avoid assuming that lifestyle factors are always responsible. Identifying the actual cause is more important than simply trying to suppress the sensation. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Are heart palpitations always dangerous? No. Many episodes are harmless and may be related to stress, caffeine, exercise, or other temporary triggers. Frequent or unexplained palpitations should be evaluated. #### Can anxiety cause heart palpitations? Yes. Stress and anxiety can increase heart rate and make the heartbeat feel stronger or more noticeable. #### Can dehydration cause palpitations? Yes. Dehydration can affect blood volume and electrolyte balance, which may contribute to changes in heart rate. #### How long can heart palpitations last? They may last a few seconds, several minutes, or longer depending on the cause. Repeated or prolonged episodes should be discussed with a doctor. #### When should someone see a cardiologist for palpitations? A medical assessment is advisable when palpitations occur frequently, appear without a clear trigger, become more intense, or are associated with dizziness, breathlessness, fainting, or chest discomfort. ### Conclusion Heart palpitations can have many possible causes, from caffeine, stress, dehydration, and poor sleep to thyroid disorders and abnormal heart rhythms. Occasional episodes may be harmless, but recurring or unexplained symptoms deserve medical attention, particularly when they occur with chest pain, fainting, severe dizziness, or breathlessness. A proper assessment can help identify whether the symptoms are related to lifestyle factors, another medical condition, or the heart's electrical rhythm. For individuals experiencing recurrent or concerning palpitations, the [cardiology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/cardiac-sciences) team at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) can evaluate symptoms and recommend appropriate diagnostic tests and treatment based on the underlying cause. ## Non-Invasive Cardiac Procedures: Diagnosis and Treatment Without Surgery URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/non-invasive-cardiac-procedures-diagnosis-treatment Summary: Learn about Non-Invasive Cardiac Procedures, including ECG, echocardiogram, stress tests, cardiac CT and MRI for heart diagnosis and treatment. Heart problems can sometimes develop without obvious warning signs, making timely cardiac evaluation important. Non-Invasive Cardiac Procedures allow doctors to examine the heart, assess its function, and identify several cardiovascular conditions without making an incision or inserting instruments into the heart. Common tests include electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stress tests, cardiac CT, and cardiac MRI. ### What Are Non-Invasive Cardiac Procedures? Non-invasive [cardiac procedures](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/cardiac-sciences) are diagnostic tests performed without surgical incisions or instruments being inserted into the heart or blood vessels. Depending on the patient's symptoms and medical history, a cardiologist may recommend one test or a combination of tests to understand: - Heart rhythm and electrical activity - Heart muscle structure and movement - Blood flow through the heart - [Heart valve](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/heart-valve-replacement-surgery-types-of-valves-recovery-and-what-to-expect) function - Blood supply to the heart muscle - Possible narrowing or blockages in coronary arteries - Changes caused by previous heart damage ### Common Non-Invasive Cardiac Procedures #### Electrocardiogram (ECG) An ECG records the electrical activity of the heart through electrodes placed on the skin. It is quick and painless and can help identify abnormal heart rhythms and certain signs of heart damage. An ECG may be recommended when a person experiences symptoms such as: - Chest discomfort - Palpitations - Breathlessness - Dizziness - Fainting #### Echocardiogram An echocardiogram uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart. It can show the movement of the heart chambers, heart muscle and valves, as well as blood flow through the heart. #### Stress Testing A stress test evaluates how the heart responds when it has to work harder. Exercise may be used, or medication may be given when exercise is not suitable. Heart rhythm, blood pressure and other findings are monitored during the test. #### Cardiac CT and CT Coronary Angiography Cardiac CT uses X-rays to produce detailed images of the heart. A CT coronary angiogram can provide images of the coronary arteries and may help identify calcium deposits or narrowing. It can be useful when a doctor needs a clearer view of the coronary arteries without immediately proceeding to invasive coronary angiography. #### Cardiac MRI [Cardiac MRI](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/imaging-interventional-radiology) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the heart. It can provide information about heart structure, function and certain types of heart damage. ### How Do These Procedures Help With Diagnosis? Non-invasive testing allows cardiologists to build a clearer picture of a patient's cardiovascular health. For example, an ECG may identify an abnormal rhythm, while an echocardiogram can show whether the heart chambers or valves are functioning normally. If coronary artery disease is suspected, stress testing or cardiac CT may provide additional information. Doctors interpret test findings alongside symptoms, medical history, physical examination and risk factors. ### Can Heart Problems Be Treated Without Surgery? Diagnosis and treatment are not the same. Non-invasive procedures are primarily used to diagnose, assess and monitor cardiovascular conditions. When a condition is identified, treatment may sometimes begin without surgery. Depending on the diagnosis, a cardiologist may recommend: - Medicines to control blood pressure or cholesterol - Medicines to manage abnormal heart rhythms - Treatment aimed at reducing cardiovascular risk - Lifestyle and dietary changes - Regular monitoring and follow-up testing Some patients may eventually require an invasive procedure. Non-invasive testing can help doctors determine when further intervention is appropriate. ### When Should You Consider Cardiac Evaluation? A cardiac assessment may be appropriate when symptoms or risk factors suggest a possible heart problem. Symptoms that deserve medical attention can include chest discomfort, unexplained breathlessness, palpitations, dizziness or fainting. People with risk factors such as high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking history or a family history of cardiovascular disease may also require periodic assessment based on their doctor's advice. Sudden or severe chest pain, especially when accompanied by breathlessness, sweating, nausea or other concerning symptoms, requires urgent medical evaluation. ### What Happens After a Non-Invasive Cardiac Test? Once testing is completed, the cardiologist reviews the findings and considers them in the context of the patient's symptoms and medical history. The next step may be: - No additional testing, with routine follow-up. - Repeat or more specific non-invasive testing. - Medication or risk-factor management. - Referral for further cardiac evaluation. - In selected cases, an invasive procedure for diagnosis or treatment. This approach helps avoid unnecessary procedures while ensuring that significant heart disease is investigated appropriately. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Are non-invasive cardiac procedures painful? Most are painless. An ECG involves electrodes placed on the skin, while a standard echocardiogram uses an ultrasound probe over the chest. Some tests may involve exercise, medication or an intravenous contrast agent depending on the procedure. #### How long does a cardiac test take? The duration depends on the test. A standard ECG is usually very quick, while imaging studies and stress tests can take longer. The healthcare team can explain preparation and expected duration beforehand. #### Can non-invasive tests detect blocked arteries? Some tests can provide information about coronary artery narrowing or reduced blood flow. CT coronary angiography can produce detailed images of coronary arteries, while stress testing can assess how the heart responds to increased demand. #### Does an abnormal test always mean heart disease? Not necessarily. Test results must be interpreted alongside symptoms, medical history and other findings. Additional testing may sometimes be required to clarify an abnormal or inconclusive result. #### Are non-invasive tests an alternative to angiography? Not in every situation. Non-invasive testing can provide important diagnostic information, but invasive coronary angiography may still be needed in selected patients, particularly when significant coronary disease is strongly suspected or treatment may be required. ### Conclusion Non-Invasive Cardiac Procedures have an important role in modern cardiovascular care. From ECG and echocardiography to stress testing, cardiac CT and MRI, these technologies help doctors evaluate heart rhythm, structure, function and blood flow without surgical intervention. At [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/), cardiac evaluation can be planned according to the patient's symptoms, medical history and clinical requirements. A timely assessment can help identify potential heart problems and guide the next stage of care. Patients experiencing cardiac symptoms should consult a qualified cardiologist rather than delaying evaluation. ## Heart Bypass Surgery (CABG): What Happens During the Operation and Full Recovery Guide URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/heart-bypass-surgery-cabg-what-happens-during-the-operation-and-full-recovery-guide Summary: Complete guide to heart bypass surgery (CABG) at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — what the operation involves, recovery time, and life after bypass surgery. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) — commonly called heart bypass surgery — is one of the most common major surgeries performed in the world. In India, over 80,000 bypass operations are performed every year. Despite its frequency, the words 'bypass surgery' are among the most frightening a patient can hear. This guide is designed to replace fear with clear, factual information so that patients and families can prepare, understand, and recover confidently. #### Key Takeaways - Bypass surgery reroutes blood flow around blocked arteries using a graft vessel — the heart itself is not replaced - Most patients are in the intensive care unit for 1–2 days, then the general ward for 5–7 days - Full recovery takes 1 - 2 months for most patients — returning to driving at 4 - 6 weeks, work at 4 - 6 weeks - Bypass surgery does not cure heart disease — lifestyle changes are essential to protect the grafts - SRM Prime Hospital's cardiac surgery team performs both on-pump and off-pump (beating heart) bypass surgery #### What Is Heart Bypass Surgery and Why Is It Done? Coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the heart muscle become narrowed or blocked by atherosclerosis (fatty plaques). When blockages are severe, the heart muscle does not receive enough blood — causing angina (chest pain), heart attacks, and heart failure. Bypass surgery creates a detour (bypass) around the blocked artery using a healthy blood vessel (graft) taken from elsewhere in the body — typically the leg (saphenous vein), chest wall (internal mammary artery), or arm (radial artery). #### When Is Bypass Surgery Recommended Over Angioplasty (Stenting)? #### Bypass vs Angioplasty – Key Factors - Number of Blocked Arteries3 or more vessels: Bypass is generally preferred. - 1–2 vessels: Angioplasty/stenting may be preferred. - Left Main Artery DiseaseBypass: Strongly preferred in many cases. - Stenting: May be suitable for selected patients. - Diabetes with Multi-Vessel DiseaseBypass: Often provides better long-term outcomes. - Stenting: May be considered depending on the individual case. - Severity of BlockageLong or complex blockages: Bypass may be preferred. - Short or simple blockages: Stenting may be preferred. - Heart FunctionReduced EF: Bypass may provide greater overall benefit. - Preserved EF: Both bypass and angioplasty may be viable options. #### What Happens During Bypass Surgery? Bypass surgery is performed under general anaesthesia and typically takes 3–5 hours. In conventional on-pump CABG, the heart is temporarily stopped using a cardioplegia solution and the patient is connected to a heart-lung bypass machine that takes over circulation. The surgeon then sews the graft vessels onto the coronary arteries beyond the blockages. The heart is restarted, the bypass machine is disconnected, and the chest is closed. Off-pump (beating heart) bypass avoids the heart-lung machine — our surgeons will recommend the most appropriate technique for your case. #### Recovery After Heart Bypass Surgery — Timeline - Day 1–2: ICU monitoring. Breathing tube removed (usually within hours of surgery). Start sitting up. - Day 3–7: Moved to general ward. Walking short distances with a physiotherapist. Deep breathing exercises critical to prevent lung complications. - Day 7–10: Discharged home (if recovery is uncomplicated). Cardiac rehabilitation begins. - Week 2–4: Home rest and supervised walks. Avoid lifting more than 2–3 kg. Sternal wound care. - Week 4-6: Driving resumes (after sternal healing confirmed by surgeon). Return to desk work. - Month 1-2: Most patients return to work and feel significantly better than before surgery. #### Warning signs after bypass surgery — seek urgent care: - Increasing chest wound redness, discharge, or opening - High fever above 38.5°C - Rapid weight gain (more than 1–2 kg overnight) — fluid retention - Worsening breathlessness or leg swelling - New or worsening chest pain #### Life After Bypass Surgery — Protecting Your Grafts - Medications: blood thinners (aspirin), statins, blood pressure tablets, and other medications are essential — do not stop without medical advice - Quit smoking permanently — smoking is the single biggest threat to graft patency - Heart-healthy diet: low saturated fat, low salt, high fibre, Mediterranean-style eating - Regular exercise: cardiac rehabilitation programme, then 30 minutes of walking 5 days a week - Diabetes and blood pressure control: protect the grafts and slow atherosclerosis - Regular cardiology follow-up: annual review with ECG and echocardiogram Your family member needs heart surgery? Our cardiac surgery and cardiology team at SRM Prime Hospital are available for urgent consultations 24/7. Call 044 3545 3545. Book Appointment: srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 #### How long do bypass grafts last? Internal mammary artery grafts (the best quality graft) remain open (patent) in over 95% of patients at 10 years and 85–90% at 20 years. Saphenous vein grafts have a lower patency — approximately 50–60% at 10 years — which is why lifestyle changes and medications are critical after surgery. #### Will I feel better immediately after bypass surgery? Most patients feel significantly better — more energy, less breathlessness, and less or no chest pain — within 4–8 weeks of surgery. However, recovery from open heart surgery takes time, and the first 2 weeks can feel slow. The improvement becomes noticeable as the weeks progress. #### Can bypass surgery be done without stopping the heart? Yes. Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) — also called beating heart surgery — is performed without connecting to the heart-lung machine. SRM Prime Hospital's cardiac surgeons are experienced in both on-pump and off-pump techniques. Your surgeon will recommend the approach best suited to your anatomy and overall condition. #### Is bypass surgery safe for patients in their 70s and 80s? Yes, with careful patient selection and management. Age alone is not a contraindication to bypass surgery. Older patients may have longer hospital stays and need more intensive rehabilitation, but the outcomes of bypass surgery in carefully selected older patients remain very good. #### What is the success rate of heart bypass surgery in India? At experienced centres, the in-hospital mortality for elective CABG is less than 1–2% for patients with normal or near-normal heart function. For emergency or complex cases, risk is higher. SRM Prime Hospital's cardiac surgery programme follows international quality benchmarks with outcomes data tracked prospectively. ## Heart Valve Replacement Surgery: Types of Valves, Recovery and What to Expect URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/heart-valve-replacement-surgery-types-of-valves-recovery-and-what-to-expect Summary: Complete guide to heart valve replacement surgery at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — valve types, mechanical vs biological options & the newer TAVI procedure The heart has four valves that ensure blood flows in one direction through the heart's chambers. When a valve becomes too narrow (stenosis) or leaks backwards (regurgitation), the heart has to work harder to compensate, eventually leading to heart failure. Valve surgery — either repair or replacement — restores normal heart function. Modern techniques have made valve surgery safer and more effective than ever before. Key Takeaways - The aortic and mitral valves are most commonly affected and most commonly operated upon. - Valve repair (when possible) is preferred over replacement — it preserves native tissue and avoids lifelong blood thinners. - When replacement is needed, mechanical valves last longer but require lifelong warfarin; biological valves last 15–20 years but do not need warfarin. - TAVI (transcatheter aortic valve implantation) — a catheter-based procedure — is now available for high-risk patients who cannot tolerate open surgery. - SRM Prime Hospital's cardiac surgery team performs both surgical and transcatheter valve procedures. #### The Most Common Valve Conditions:Aortic Stenosis: Aortic valve narrowing; common in older adults and may cause chest pain, breathlessness, and fainting. Mitral Regurgitation: Mitral valve leakage; may cause breathlessness, fatigue, and atrial fibrillation. Mitral Stenosis: Narrowing of the mitral valve; commonly associated with rheumatic heart disease in India. Aortic Regurgitation: Leakage of the aortic valve; may cause breathlessness and palpitations and is commonly associated with rheumatic disease. #### Valve Repair vs Valve Replacement When possible, surgeons prefer to repair the damaged valve rather than replace it. Valve repair preserves the native tissue, maintains better heart function, does not require lifelong anticoagulation (blood thinners), and avoids prosthetic valve-related complications. The mitral valve is most amenable to repair. If repair is not feasible, the valve is replaced with either a mechanical or biological prosthesis. Mechanical vs Biological (Tissue) Valve ReplacementDurability: Mechanical – Lifelong (50+ years); Tissue – approximately 15–20 years. Warfarin (Blood Thinner): Mechanical – Lifelong use is essential; Tissue – usually not required long-term. Ideal Patient Age: Mechanical – generally preferred for patients under 60; Tissue – generally preferred for patients over 65. Pregnancy: Mechanical – not ideal due to warfarin-related risks; Tissue – generally preferred for women of childbearing age. Risk of Structural Failure: Mechanical – no structural valve deterioration; Tissue – small risk after 15–20 years. Clicking Sound: Mechanical – an audible clicking sound may be present; Tissue – generally silent. #### TAVI — Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (For High-Risk Patients) TAVI is a revolutionary catheter-based procedure that replaces a diseased aortic valve without open-heart surgery. A new valve — mounted on a stent — is delivered through a catheter inserted via the femoral artery in the groin. The new valve is positioned within the old valve and expanded, pushing the diseased leaflets aside. The procedure takes 1–2 hours under general anaesthesia or sedation, with no chest incision. Hospital stay: 3–5 days. Originally developed for very high-risk elderly patients, TAVI is increasingly being offered to intermediate-risk patients as the technology matures. #### Recovery After Open Heart Valve Surgery - Day 1–2: ICU. Breathing tube removed within hours in most cases. - Day 3–7: Ward. Walking, breathing exercises, cardiac rehabilitation begins. - Day 7–10: Home if recovery is uncomplicated. - Week 2–6: Gradual activity increase. Sternal wound healing. - Week 6–8: Driving and desk work resume. - Month 3–6: Full recovery. Return to all activities. Diagnosed with a heart valve problem? Our cardiac surgery and cardiology team at SRM Prime Hospital offers comprehensive valve assessment and both surgical and transcatheter treatment options. Call 044 3545 3545. Book Appointment: srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 #### Do I need to take warfarin forever after mechanical valve replacement? Yes. Mechanical heart valves require lifelong anticoagulation with warfarin (or a direct oral anticoagulant in some cases) to prevent blood clot formation on the valve. Regular INR blood tests are needed to ensure the dose is correct. #### Can a biological valve be replaced when it wears out? Yes. When a biological valve wears out (after 15–20 years), a second operation to replace it is possible. In many cases, a new valve can be placed within the worn-out valve using a TAVI-style catheter approach ('valve-in-valve' procedure), avoiding a second open-heart operation. #### Is minimally invasive valve surgery available? Yes. Minimally invasive mitral and aortic valve surgery — through smaller incisions (5–7 cm) or port-access techniques — is available for selected patients at SRM Prime Hospital. This approach offers faster recovery and better cosmesis compared to standard median sternotomy. #### Can rheumatic heart disease be treated with surgery? Yes. Rheumatic mitral stenosis can be treated with percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) — a catheter procedure — in suitable cases, or with surgical valve repair or replacement. Rheumatic disease affecting multiple valves requires surgical correction. #### What is the mortality risk of valve replacement surgery? At experienced centres, the in-hospital mortality for elective aortic or mitral valve replacement is 1–3% for patients without other major health problems. Risk increases with age, reduced heart function, and the need for concurrent procedures (such as bypass surgery). A personalised risk assessment is performed pre-operatively at SRM Prime Hospital. ## Stroke Symptoms: Use the BEFAST Test and Act Within the Golden Hour URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/stroke-symptoms-use-the-befast-test-and-act-within-the-golden-hour Summary: Learn stroke symptoms using the BEFAST test, risk factors & mini-stroke signs. Act fast within the golden hour with emergency care at SRM Prime Hospital. A stroke is a brain attack. Every minute that passes without treatment, approximately 1.9 million brain cells die. Stroke is India's second-leading cause of death and a leading cause of adult disability. Yet up to 80% of strokes are preventable — and those that do occur can have far better outcomes with fast treatment. The key is knowing the signs. ### Key Takeaways • The BEFAST test is the easiest way to recognise a stroke: Balance, Eyes, Face, Arms, Speech, Time • Treatment must begin within 4.5 hours of symptom onset for clot-busting therapy to work • Stroke symptoms are sudden — they come on in seconds to minutes, not gradually • Call [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) Emergency (044 3500 3500) at the first sign — do NOT wait ### The BEFAST Test — Recognise Stroke in Seconds B — Balance: Sudden loss of balance or coordination, dizziness, or trouble walking E — Eyes: Sudden vision problems in one or both eyes (blurred or double vision) F — Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop? A — Arms: Ask them to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward or cannot be raised? S — Speech: Ask them to repeat a simple phrase. Is their speech slurred, strange, or are they unable to speak? T — Time: If you see any of these signs, call emergency services immediately. ### Other Stroke Symptoms to Know • Sudden numbness or weakness of the face, arm, or leg — especially on one side of the body • Sudden confusion or trouble understanding what others are saying • Sudden vision problems — in one or both eyes • Sudden severe headache with no known cause • Sudden trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance or coordination ### What is a Mini-Stroke (TIA)? A TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack) causes the same symptoms as a stroke but they resolve within minutes to hours, leaving no permanent damage. A TIA is a serious warning sign — up to 20% of people who have a TIA will have a full stroke within 90 days. A TIA must be treated as an emergency and investigated the same day. ### Stroke Risk Factors You Can Control • High blood pressure — the single biggest risk factor for stroke • Atrial fibrillation (irregular heart rhythm) — increases stroke risk fivefold • [Diabetes](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/early-signs-of-diabetes-you-should-not-ignore) and high cholesterol • Smoking — doubles stroke risk • Obesity and physical inactivity • Excessive alcohol consumption Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat is the golden hour for stroke treatment? The 'golden hour' refers to the first 0 - 3 hours after symptom onset, when clot-busting treatment (tPA) and mechanical thrombectomy are most effective at saving brain tissue and preventing disability. Can a young person have a stroke? Yes. While stroke risk increases with age, strokes are increasingly occurring in people under 45 in India. Risk factors include undetected [heart conditions](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/cardiac-sciences), high blood pressure, drug use, and hormonal contraceptives. What happens after a stroke? Stroke survivors may face weakness, speech difficulties, cognitive changes, and emotional challenges. Intensive rehabilitation — starting as early as 24 hours after a stroke — significantly improves recovery. SRM Prime Hospital offers physiotherapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy. Is snoring linked to stroke? Yes. Obstructive sleep apnoea — which causes snoring and interrupted breathing during sleep — is an independent risk factor for stroke. Getting it evaluated and treated can meaningfully reduce stroke risk. Can stress cause a stroke? Chronic stress is a risk factor for stroke through its effects on blood pressure, inflammation, and lifestyle choices. Acute, extreme stress (such as sudden emotional shock) can also trigger stroke in vulnerable individuals. ## Migraine vs Headache: Key Differences Explained URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/migraine-vs-headache-key-differences-explained Summary: Understand migraine vs headache differences, including symptoms, triggers & treatments, and when to seek medical care at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai today. Headaches are among the most common health concerns experienced by people of all ages. However, many individuals assume that every intense headache is a migraine. In reality, migraines and common headaches are different conditions with distinct symptoms and triggers. Understanding migraine vs headache differences helps individuals recognise symptoms accurately and respond with the right treatment or lifestyle changes. Global health reports estimate that nearly half of adults experience at least one headache each year, making it one of the most widespread neurological complaints. Migraines affect a smaller portion of the population around 12% worldwide but they are typically more disruptive. When discussing migraine vs headache, the major difference lies in how the brain and nervous system respond during an episode. Being aware of these differences can help people identify warning signs and reduce the chances of recurring pain. ### Understanding Tension Headaches Tension headaches are the most frequently reported form of head pain. They usually begin gradually and cause a constant ache rather than sharp or pulsating pain. Many people describe this type of headache as a feeling of pressure or tightness across the head. Common symptoms include: - Mild or moderate pain across the forehead or temples - Pressure that spreads across both sides of the head - Tightness in the neck or shoulder muscles - Scalp tenderness - Pain that remains stable during everyday activities Tension headaches can last from 30 minutes to several hours and are often associated with stress, fatigue, long working hours, or poor posture. When comparing migraine vs headache, tension headaches tend to be less intense and usually do not involve nausea or sensitivity to light. ### What Happens During a Migraine A migraine is a [neurological condition](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/neuroscience) that affects the brain’s pain-processing system. Unlike regular headaches, migraines often involve changes in nerve signals and brain chemicals. During a migraine attack, individuals may experience several symptoms beyond head pain. Common migraine symptoms include: - Pulsing or throbbing pain in the head - Pain that is often concentrated on one side - Sensitivity to light, sound, or certain smells - Nausea and sometimes vomiting - Visual changes such as flashing lights or blurred vision - Pain that becomes worse during physical movement Migraine episodes can last between four hours and three days, depending on severity and treatment. In the migraine vs headache comparison, migraines are more likely to interfere with work, sleep, and daily activities. ### Migraine vs Headache: Key Differences Understanding migraine vs headache becomes clearer when looking at how symptoms differ. Pain strength - Tension headaches cause mild to moderate discomfort. - Migraines often cause stronger and more disabling pain. Pain location - Tension headaches generally affect both sides of the head. - Migraines often begin on one side and may spread. Type of pain - Tension headaches feel like constant pressure. - Migraines produce throbbing or pulsating sensations. Additional symptoms - Tension headaches rarely cause nausea or sensory sensitivity. - Migraines often include nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light or sound. Effect on daily activities - People with tension headaches can usually continue normal tasks. - Migraine sufferers may need to lie down in a quiet environment. Recognising these differences helps people better understand migraine vs headache symptoms. ### Common Triggers That Lead to Head Pain Several everyday factors can contribute to headaches and migraines. #### Triggers associated with tension headaches - Emotional stress or anxiety - Long hours in front of digital screens - Poor posture while working - Lack of adequate sleep - Eye strain - Dehydration #### Triggers associated with migraines - Hormonal fluctuations - Certain foods or drinks - Bright lights or loud noises - Irregular sleeping patterns - Sudden weather changes - High levels of stress Tracking triggers can help individuals manage recurring symptoms related to migraine vs headache. ### Warning Signs Before a Migraine Some individuals notice early symptoms before a migraine begins. These signs can appear hours before the headache phase. Possible early indicators include: - [Unusual fatigue](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types) - Mood changes - Neck stiffness - Difficulty focusing - Increased thirst Approximately 25% of migraine patients experience aura, which may include visual patterns, flashes of light, or temporary blind spots. Recognising these signals may help people take [preventive](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/preventive-health-checkup-importance-every-age-guide) steps earlier. ### When Headaches Require Medical Attention Most headaches are not serious, but certain patterns may indicate the need for professional evaluation. Medical advice should be considered if: - Headaches occur frequently during the week - Pain suddenly becomes severe - Headaches disrupt daily routines - Vision changes occur with head pain - Pain relief medicines stop working Doctors may review medical history and symptoms to determine whether the condition relates to migraines or another type of headache. ### Treatment and Management Strategies Treatment approaches depend on the type and frequency of headaches. #### Managing tension headaches - Over-the-counter pain medications - Stress reduction methods - Adequate hydration and sleep - Improving posture during work - Regular physical activity #### Managing migraines - Prescription medications for migraine relief - Preventive medications for recurring attacks - Identifying and avoiding triggers - Relaxation practices such as breathing exercises or meditation Proper treatment can reduce the frequency and severity of symptoms associated with migraine vs headache conditions. ### FAQs #### Are migraines more serious than regular headaches? Migraines are usually more intense than common headaches and often involve additional symptoms such as nausea or sensitivity to light. #### How can someone recognise migraine vs headache symptoms? Migraines typically cause throbbing pain on one side of the head along with nausea or sensitivity to light, while tension headaches cause steady pressure on both sides. #### Can stress trigger headaches? Yes. Stress is one of the most common triggers for both migraines and tension headaches. #### Do all migraines cause visual disturbances? No. Only some individuals experience aura or visual symptoms before migraine pain begins. #### How long can a migraine last? Migraine attacks typically last between four hours and three days, depending on the individual and the treatment used. ### Conclusion Understanding the difference between migraines and common headaches is important for proper management. While tension headaches are often linked to lifestyle factors such as stress or fatigue, migraines involve neurological changes that can cause more severe symptoms. Recognising triggers, maintaining healthy routines, and seeking medical advice when headaches become frequent can help individuals manage symptoms more effectively. Patients experiencing persistent head pain can seek expert evaluation and personalised care at [SRM Prime Hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/), where specialists provide advanced diagnosis and treatment for migraine and headache disorders. ## Back Pain: Causes, Red Flags and the Right Treatment for Your Pain URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/back-pain-causes-red-flags-and-the-right-treatment-for-your-pain Summary: Learn back pain causes, symptoms, sciatica & treatment options, including yoga benefits & MRI indications. Get expert relief at SRM Prime Hospital today. Back pain is the leading cause of disability worldwide and one of the top reasons Indians visit a doctor. Eight out of ten people will experience significant back pain at some point in their lives. In Chennai's working population, long commutes, desk jobs, and sedentary lifestyles have made back pain an epidemic. Most back pain gets better on its own — but some is serious. Key Takeaways - 90% of back pain resolves within 6–12 weeks without surgery - Red flag symptoms in back pain — bladder/bowel problems, leg weakness — need urgent evaluation - Poor posture and prolonged sitting are leading causes of back pain in Chennai's working population - Most back pain is managed with physiotherapy and exercise — surgery is rarely necessary ### Common Causes of Back Pain - Muscle strain or spasm — from lifting incorrectly, sudden movement, or poor posture. - Disc herniation (slipped disc) — inner disc material presses on a nerve; causes pain radiating into the leg (sciatica). - Degenerative disc disease — discs lose height and flexibility with age. - Spinal stenosis — narrowing of the spinal canal; causes pain and tingling in both legs, especially when walking. - Spondylolisthesis — one vertebra slips forward over another; causes back pain and sciatica. - Osteoporosis fractures — especially in post-menopausal women. - Referred pain — from kidneys (infection or stone), pancreas, or aortic aneurysm. - Spinal infections (Discitis / Spondylodiscitis) — infection of the intervertebral disc or adjacent vertebrae; causes severe persistent back pain, often with fever and difficulty in movement ### Back Pain Red Flags — Seek Immediate Care - Difficulty controlling bladder or bowel movements (cauda equina syndrome — emergency). - Weakness or numbness in both legs. - Back pain with fever and night sweats (possible infection or cancer). - Back pain after a fall, accident, or trauma. - Back pain in someone over 50 with no prior history. - Pain that is constant, severe, and does not improve with rest or position changes ### Effective Back Pain Treatments - Physiotherapy and targeted exercise — the most effective treatment for most back pain. - Pain medications — paracetamol, NSAIDs, or muscle relaxants for short-term relief. - Heat or ice therapy for acute muscle spasm. - Epidural steroid injections — for nerve-related (sciatica) pain that does not respond to physiotherapy. - Surgery — considered only after 6 months of failed conservative treatment, or immediately for red flag symptoms. [Suffering from back pain?](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/orthopaedics) Our [spine specialists](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/neuroscience) and physiotherapy team at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) offer MRI-guided diagnosis and comprehensive treatment plans. [Book an Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us): srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 #### Should I rest in bed for back pain? No — bed rest worsens most back pain. Staying as active as possible within your pain limits, and starting gentle exercises early, leads to faster recovery. #### When does back pain need an MRI? An MRI is recommended if you have red flag symptoms, if pain is not improving after 6 weeks of conservative treatment, or if surgery is being considered. #### Can stress cause back pain? Yes. Psychological stress causes muscle tension, particularly in the neck and lower back, and lowers pain tolerance. The mind-body connection in back pain is well-established. #### Is sciatica different from back pain? Sciatica is a specific type of back pain where the sciatic nerve is compressed, causing pain that radiates from the lower back through the buttock and down one or both legs, sometimes to the foot. #### Can yoga help back pain? Yes. Specific yoga poses and strengthening exercises, particularly those that strengthen the core, improve spinal flexibility, and reduce muscle tension are beneficial for chronic back pain. Avoid aggressive forward bends and any position that worsens symptoms. ## Slipped Disc Surgery: When Conservative Treatment Fails and What Surgery Involves URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/slipped-disc-surgery-when-conservative-treatment-fails-and-what-surgery-involves Summary: Complete guide to slipped disc surgery at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — when surgery is needed, what microdiscectomy involves & recovery expectations. The fear of spine surgery stops many people from getting the relief they need. The words 'slipped disc surgery' conjure images of complex, risky operations with long recovery. The reality today is very different. Microdiscectomy — the gold standard surgery for disc herniation — is a minimally invasive procedure through a small incision, performed in 45–60 minutes, with most patients walking the same day and going home within 24–48 hours. Let us separate fact from fear. Key Takeaways - 85–90% of disc herniations improve with conservative treatment within 6–12 weeks — surgery is not always needed. - Surgery is recommended when there is severe or worsening neurological weakness, or when pain has not improved after 6 weeks of proper conservative treatment - Microdiscectomy is minimally invasive — a small incision in the back, with surgical microscope magnification - Most patients go home within 24–48 hours and can return to desk work in 2–4 weeks - Surgery relieves the nerve pain (sciatica) very effectively — back pain improvement may be more gradual What Is a Slipped Disc? Understanding the Anatomy Each spinal disc acts as a shock absorber between the vertebrae — a tough outer ring (annulus fibrosus) with a soft gel centre (nucleus pulposus). A 'slipped disc' (disc herniation or prolapse) occurs when the outer ring weakens or tears, allowing the inner gel to bulge or leak out. This disc material presses on nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, or weakness along the nerve's path — down the arm (cervical disc) or down the leg (lumbar disc, causing sciatica). Symptoms That Suggest Surgery May Be Needed - Sciatica (pain radiating from the lower back through the buttock and down the leg) that is severe and not improving after 6–8 weeks of physiotherapy and medication. - Progressive weakness in the foot or leg — difficulty walking on tiptoe or heels. - Numbness that is worsening or causing loss of sensation in the foot. #### URGENT — Seek emergency care immediately for these 'red flag' disc symptoms: - Loss of bladder or bowel control (inability to urinate or pass stools) — this is cauda equina syndrome, a surgical emergency. - Weakness in BOTH legs. - Saddle anaesthesia — numbness in the groin, inner thighs, and perineum. #### Conservative Treatment First — What Must Be Tried Before Surgery - Rest modification — avoid activities that worsen pain, but do not completely rest - Physiotherapy — targeted core strengthening and nerve mobilisation exercises - Pain medication — NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac), muscle relaxants, neuropathic pain agents (gabapentin) - Epidural steroid injection — placed near the affected nerve root; reduces inflammation and buys time for natural healing If these measures fail after 6–12 weeks, or if neurological deficits are worsening, surgery is the next step. #### Microdiscectomy — What the Surgery Involves Microdiscectomy is performed under general anaesthesia with the patient lying face down. A 2–3 cm incision is made in the back over the affected disc level. Microscope or endoscope magnification allows precise visualisation. A small amount of muscle is gently retracted. A portion of the bone covering the nerve (lamina) may be removed for access. The herniated disc fragment pressing on the nerve is removed. The surgery takes 45–75 minutes. #### Microdiscectomy – Key Facts - Incision Size: 2–3 cm, much smaller than traditional open surgery. - Hospital Stay: Usually 1–2 nights. - Walking: Patients can usually walk on the same day as surgery. - Return to Desk Work: Approximately 2–4 weeks. - Return to Physical Work: Approximately 6–12 weeks. - Success Rate for Sciatica: 90–95% relief of leg pain. - Back Pain Improvement: Around 60–70%, with improvement generally more gradual than leg pain relief. #### Recovery After Disc Surgery - Day 1: Walking begins in the hospital — gentle, short distances. Mild back soreness at the incision site. - Days 2–3: Home with oral pain medication. Short walks every 2 hours. - Week 2–4: Gradually increasing walking. Avoid lifting more than 5 kg. No bending or twisting. - Month 1–2: Physiotherapy begins — strengthening the core muscles that protect the spine. - Month 2–3: Return to desk work and driving. - Month 3–6: Return to light physical work and moderate exercise. Note: Sciatica (leg pain) typically improves rapidly after surgery — often within days. Back pain takes longer to resolve and depends on how long the nerve was under pressure before surgery. Suffering from severe sciatica or nerve pain in the leg? Our spine surgery team at SRM Prime Hospital offers MRI-guided assessment and minimally invasive disc surgery. Book Appointment: srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 #### Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)Will my slipped disc come back after surgery? The same disc can re-herniate after microdiscectomy in approximately 5–10% of cases. However, a completely different disc level can also herniate in the future. Core strengthening physiotherapy and proper lifting technique are the most effective preventive measures. ##### Is spinal surgery dangerous? Microdiscectomy is a well-established, safe procedure when performed by an experienced spine surgeon. Overall complication rates are low — less than 1% for serious complications. Understanding the specific risks for your case is part of the pre-operative discussion. ##### How do I know if I need surgery or just physiotherapy? In general: if your sciatica is manageable and not worsening, try 6–8 weeks of physiotherapy and medication first. If you have progressive weakness (foot drop), severe pain unresponsive to medication and injections, or any loss of bladder/bowel control — seek surgical consultation immediately. ##### Can I prevent a slipped disc from occurring again? Core strengthening exercises (building the muscles that protect the spine), correct lifting technique (using legs, keeping back straight), maintaining healthy weight, and avoiding prolonged sitting are the most evidence-based strategies for reducing disc herniation risk. ##### Is endoscopic spine surgery available at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Our spine team offers both standard microdiscectomy and endoscopic / minimally invasive spine surgery options. Endoscopic techniques use even smaller incisions and may offer faster recovery in selected cases. Your surgeon will recommend the most appropriate approach for your specific disc problem. ## Spinal Fusion Surgery: Why It Is Done, Risks, Recovery and Alternatives URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/spinal-fusion-surgery-why-it-is-done-risks-recovery-and-alternatives Summary: Expert guide to spinal fusion surgery at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — when it's needed, what the surgery involves & realistic recovery expectations today. Spinal fusion is one of the most misunderstood surgical procedures. Patients are often concerned that fusing vertebrae will make the spine completely rigid, limit movement, or lead to a lifetime of problems. This guide provides clear, honest information about what spinal fusion actually does, when it is genuinely needed, and what to realistically expect from the procedure and recovery. Key Takeaways - Spinal fusion joins two or more vertebrae together to eliminate painful movement at an unstable or damaged spinal segment - Fusion does not make the whole spine rigid — most patients notice little difference in day-to-day movement - It is recommended for spondylolisthesis, severe degenerative disc disease, spinal instability, and deformity - Recovery is longer than discectomy — typically 3–6 months before returning to physical work - Bone graft (your own bone or a synthetic substitute) and metal instrumentation (rods, screws) are used to achieve fusion When Is Spinal Fusion Recommended? - Spondylolisthesis — one vertebra slipping forward on another, causing instability and nerve pain - Degenerative disc disease with spinal instability — painful motion at a worn disc segment that has not responded to conservative care - Spinal stenosis with instability — narrowing of the spinal canal that requires decompression plus stabilisation - Spinal deformity — scoliosis or kyphosis that requires correction and stabilisation - Spinal fracture — traumatic vertebral fracture requiring stabilisation - Failed previous spinal surgery — revision surgery where the spine has become unstable How Spinal Fusion Works Spinal fusion surgery uses bone graft material — either harvested from the patient's own iliac crest (hip), from a bone bank, or synthetic bone substitute — placed between or around the vertebrae being fused. Metal screws and rods (instrumentation) hold the vertebrae in the correct position while the bone graft slowly grows and fuses the two vertebrae into a solid unit. Fusion is a biological process that takes 3–12 months to complete. Types of Spinal Fusion Approach #### Types of Lumbar Fusion Procedures - PLIF (Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)Approached from the back - Most common in India - TLIF (Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion)Variation of PLIF - Requires less nerve retraction - ALIF (Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion)Approached from the front of the abdomen - XLIF / LLIF (Lateral Approach)Approached through the side - Minimally invasive option - MIS Fusion (Minimally Invasive)Smaller incisions - Muscle-sparing approach - Faster recovery Recovery After Spinal Fusion — Realistic Expectations - Week 1–2: Hospital 3–5 days. Walking begins Day 1–2 with support. Brace (lumbar corset) worn when upright. - Month 1: Home physiotherapy. Short walks. No lifting, bending, or twisting. - Month 2–3: Physiotherapy intensifies. Gradual increase in activity. Driving may resume. - Month 3–6: Return to desk work. Core strengthening programme. - Month 6–12: Bone fusion completing (confirmed by X-ray). Return to physical work with surgeon clearance. It is important to understand that improvement after spinal fusion is gradual. The nerve pain (if present) begins to improve relatively quickly, but full recovery — including return to physical work — takes 6–12 months in most cases. Alternatives to Spinal Fusion to Consider First - Extended physiotherapy programme with core stabilisation — 3–6 months of supervised, targeted exercise - Pain management programme — combination of medication, injections, and lifestyle modification - Spinal cord stimulation — an implanted device that modifies pain signals — for patients who are not surgical candidates - Motion-preserving surgery — total disc replacement (artificial disc) is an alternative to fusion in selected younger patients with single-level disease Told you need spinal fusion? Get an expert second opinion from our spine surgery team at SRM Prime Hospital before making your decision. Book Appointment: srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 ##### Will I lose flexibility after spinal fusion? Fusing 1–2 levels of the spine results in minimal loss of overall spinal flexibility that most patients notice in daily life. The vertebrae above and below the fused segment compensate for the reduced motion. Patients who have fused 3 or more levels may notice some reduction in lumbar flexibility. ##### How long does spinal fusion surgery take? A single-level lumbar fusion takes approximately 2–3 hours. Multi-level fusions take longer. The surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. ##### Is spinal fusion permanent? Yes. Once the bone graft fuses the vertebrae together (a process that takes 3–12 months to complete), the fusion is permanent. Adjacent disc levels are monitored over time, as they can develop accelerated degeneration (adjacent segment disease). ##### Can spinal fusion fail? Fusion failure (pseudarthrosis — failure of the bone to fuse) occurs in approximately 5–10% of cases and may require revision surgery. Risk factors include smoking, obesity, osteoporosis, and non-compliance with post-operative activity restrictions. ##### Is minimally invasive spinal fusion available at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Our spine team offers minimally invasive fusion techniques (MIS TLIF and percutaneous screw fixation) for selected patients, particularly those with single-level spondylolisthesis. These approaches use smaller incisions, less blood loss, and typically faster recovery. --- # Patient Guides: Bones and Joints, Surgery and Cancer ## Joint Pain and Arthritis: Types, Symptoms and When to See a Doctor URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/joint-pain-and-arthritis-types-symptoms-and-when-to-see-a-doctor Summary: Learn about arthritis types, joint pain symptoms & causes, and when to see a doctor. Explore expert orthopaedic & rheumatology care at SRM Prime Hospital. Joint Pain And Arthritis Types Symptoms And When To See A Doctor Joint pain is one of the most common complaints among adults over 40 in India — and increasingly in younger people too. From morning stiffness that eases after an hour to severe, disabling pain, joint problems come in many forms with very different causes and treatments. Here is how to understand your joint pain and get the right help. Key Takeaways - Arthritis is not a single disease — there are over 100 types with different causes and treatments - Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes suggests inflammatory arthritis, not osteoarthritis - Early treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can prevent permanent joint damage - [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) offers advanced joint replacement surgery and minimally invasive procedures Types of Arthritis and Their Key Differences - Osteoarthritis — wear-and-tear; pain worsens with activity and improves with rest; most common in knee, hip, spine - Rheumatoid arthritis — autoimmune; symmetrical joint pain (same joint on both sides); morning stiffness >1 hour; affects hands and wrists first - Gout — sudden, severe pain in one joint (often the big toe); caused by uric acid crystal deposits; often after a rich meal or alcohol - Psoriatic arthritis — joint pain in people with psoriasis; can affect spine and small joints - Ankylosing spondylitis — inflammatory arthritis of the spine; back pain and stiffness worse in the morning; common in young men ### Common Joint Pain Symptoms - Pain, swelling, or warmth around a joint - Stiffness — especially in the morning or after inactivity - Reduced range of motion - Cracking, clicking, or grinding sounds (crepitus) - Muscle weakness around the affected joint - In inflammatory arthritis: fatigue, low-grade fever, and skin changes ### When to Consult a Doctor - Severe joint pain that interferes with daily activities or sleep - Joint swelling, redness, or warmth - Morning stiffness lasting more than 30 minutes - Pain in multiple joints simultaneously - Joint pain accompanied by skin rash, eye problems, or fever Struggling with joint pain? Our [orthopaedic and rheumatology specialists](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/orthopaedics) at SRM Prime Hospital offer precise diagnosis and personalised treatment — from physiotherapy to joint replacement. [Book an Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us): srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Is knee replacement surgery safe for Indian patients? Yes. Knee replacement (total knee arthroplasty) is one of the most successful surgical procedures in modern medicine. At SRM Prime Hospital, we perform advanced knee replacements with rapid recovery protocols — most patients are walking the next day. #### At what age does arthritis start? Osteoarthritis typically starts after 45. Rheumatoid arthritis can start at any age, including in children (juvenile idiopathic arthritis). Gout most commonly affects men aged 30–50. #### Can diet affect arthritis? Yes. An anti-inflammatory diet — rich in omega-3 fatty acids (fish, flaxseed), turmeric, ginger, and colourful vegetables — can reduce inflammation. For gout, reducing red meat, shellfish, alcohol, and sugary drinks is particularly important. #### Does cold weather worsen arthritis? Many arthritis patients report worsening symptoms in cold or wet weather, though the scientific evidence is mixed. Keeping joints warm, staying active indoors, and maintaining a healthy weight help year-round. #### What exercises are safe for people with knee arthritis? Swimming, cycling, walking on flat surfaces, and chair-based exercises are generally safe and beneficial. High-impact activities like running and jumping should be avoided. A physiotherapist can design a personalised programme. ## Total Knee Replacement Surgery: What to Expect, Recovery Timeline and Cost in Chennai URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/total-knee-replacement-surgery-what-to-expect-recovery-timeline-and-cost-in-chennai Summary: Learn about knee replacement surgery, recovery timeline, robotic-assisted options & long-term results. Consult expert joint surgeons at SRM Prime Hospital. Knee replacement surgery (total knee arthroplasty) is one of the most successful operations in all of medicine — restoring mobility, eliminating pain, and transforming quality of life for patients suffering from advanced [knee arthritis.](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/joint-pain-and-arthritis-types-symptoms-and-when-to-see-a-doctor) At SRM Prime Hospital, our joint replacement team performs hundreds of knee replacements each year. This guide provides everything you need to know before you decide. #### Key Takeaways - Knee replacement is recommended when pain and stiffness significantly limit walking, climbing stairs, or sleep. - Most patients are walking the day after surgery and discharged within 3–5 days. - Full recovery and return to normal activities takes 3–6 months. - Modern knee implants are designed to last 20–25 years in most patients. - [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) offers both conventional and robotic-assisted knee replacement #### When Is Knee Replacement Surgery Recommended? - Severe knee pain at rest, at night, or with minimal activity - Significant stiffness that limits the ability to bend and straighten the knee - Walking limited to less than 200–300 metres due to pain - Cannot climb stairs or get in and out of a car comfortably - X-ray showing advanced joint space narrowing or bone-on-bone arthritis - Failed conservative treatments: physiotherapy, weight loss, anti-inflammatory medicines, and steroid or hyaluronic acid injections have not provided adequate relief #### What Happens During Knee Replacement Surgery? Total knee replacement surgery takes approximately 1.5–2 hours under spinal or general anaesthesia. The surgeon removes the damaged cartilage and a thin layer of bone from the end of the femur (thighbone), the top of the tibia (shinbone), and the underside of the patella (kneecap). Precisely shaped metal and plastic implant components are then cemented or press-fit into place. The implant recreates the smooth, gliding surface of a healthy knee. A drain may be placed to remove fluid, and the incision is closed with stitches. #### Knee Replacement Recovery — Week by Week - Day 1: Physiotherapy begins in the hospital. You will sit on the edge of the bed and attempt to stand with support. This is critical — early movement prevents blood clots and stiffness. - Day 2–3: Walking with a walker. Physiotherapy twice daily. Ice and compression to reduce swelling. - Day 4–5: Discharged home. Continue physiotherapy exercises at home 3–4 times daily. - Week 2: Walking with a walker or stick. Able to manage stairs one at a time. - Week 4–6: Most patients use only a walking stick. Driving may resume around Week 6 (left knee) or 8–10 (right knee — after confirmation from your surgeon). - Month 3: Walking without support. Physiotherapy continues. Light exercises. - Month 6: Full recovery for most patients. Return to social activities, light walking, and swimming. - Month 12: Final assessment. Most patients achieve 90–120 degrees of knee bending — sufficient for all daily activities. #### Conventional vs Robotic-Assisted Knee Replacement - Implant Alignment: Conventional TKR uses manual measurements, while robotic-assisted TKR offers computer-guided robotic precision. - Bone Removal: Traditional surgery uses mechanical guides, whereas robotic-assisted surgery uses a robotic arm with real-time feedback. - Ligament Balance: Conventional procedures depend on the surgeon’s assessment, while robotic-assisted surgery includes digital sensor verification. - Implant Fit Accuracy: Robotic-assisted TKR provides more precise implant positioning compared to conventional methods. - Recovery: Rehabilitation is often faster with robotic-assisted knee replacement. - Cost: Robotic-assisted TKR may cost slightly more than conventional surgery, but offers added precision and potential long-term benefits. #### Exercises After Knee Replacement — Starting Day 1 - Ankle pumps — flex and point your feet, 10 times every hour — prevents blood clots - Quad sets — tighten the thigh muscle, hold 5 seconds — starts on Day 1 - Straight leg raises — lying flat, raise leg 30 cm, hold, lower — starts Day 1–2 - Knee bends (seated) — sitting at the edge of bed, bend and straighten the knee — starts Day 2 - Standing knee bends with support — starts Day 3–4 #### Warning signs after knee replacement — call your surgeon: - Increasing calf pain, swelling, or redness — possible deep vein thrombosis (DVT). - High fever above 38.5°C with wound redness or discharge — possible infection. - Sudden severe pain in the replaced knee — possible implant issue - Chest pain or breathlessness — possible pulmonary embolism Has your doctor recommended knee replacement? Book a [joint replacement consultation at SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/orthopaedics) to discuss conventional and robotic options with our expert team. #### How long does a knee replacement last? Modern knee implants are designed to last 20–25 years in the majority of patients. Longevity depends on patient weight, activity level, implant design, and surgical technique. Revision surgery (replacing the implant) is possible if the implant wears out. #### At what age is knee replacement typically done in India? Knee replacement is most commonly performed in patients aged 55–75. However, it can be done at any age when the pain and disability justify it. Younger patients may be offered high-flex implant designs to better accommodate active lifestyles. #### Can I sit on the floor after knee replacement? Most knee implants do not allow full squatting or sitting cross-legged on the floor (which requires more than 130–140 degrees of bending). Special high-flex implants or gender-specific designs allow greater bending and are discussed with your surgeon pre-operatively. #### Is knee replacement surgery painful? Modern pain management protocols — including spinal anaesthesia, nerve blocks, and post-operative analgesia — mean that patients experience significantly less pain than they typically anticipate. Most describe the pain as 'manageable discomfort' rather than severe pain after the first few days. #### Can both knees be replaced at the same time? Bilateral simultaneous knee replacement (both knees replaced in one operation) is offered to selected fit patients who have severe arthritis in both knees. It avoids two separate anaesthetics and hospital admissions but requires careful patient selection due to higher cardiopulmonary demands. ## Hip Replacement Surgery: Who Needs It, Types, Recovery and Walking Timeline URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/hip-replacement-surgery--recovery-guide--srm-prime-hospital Summary: Learn about hip replacement surgery, recovery timeline, implant lifespan & anterior vs posterior approach. Consult joint replacement experts at SRM Prime. Hip Replacement Surgery Recovery Guide SRM Prime Hospital Total hip replacement (total hip arthroplasty) is consistently rated among the most successful surgical procedures for quality-of-life improvement. Patients who once struggled to walk 50 metres or couldn't sleep through the night due to hip pain report dramatic transformations in mobility, independence, and wellbeing after surgery. This guide helps you understand everything from candidacy to recovery. #### Key Takeaways - Hip replacement is recommended when hip pain significantly limits walking, sleeping, and daily activities. - Most patients walk with a zimmer frame the same day as surgery — within hours of returning from the operating room. - Modern hip implants last 20–25 years in most patients. - The anterior (front) approach allows faster recovery with fewer movement restrictions. - SRM Prime Hospital offers both posterior and anterior approach hip replacement #### Causes of Hip Joint Disease That Lead to Hip Replacement - Osteoarthritis — the most common cause; cartilage wears away leaving bone grinding on bone. - Rheumatoid arthritis — inflammatory arthritis that destroys joint cartilage. - Avascular necrosis (AVN) — death of the femoral head bone due to disrupted blood supply; common after steroid use, alcohol, or trauma. - Hip fracture in elderly patients — particularly fracture of the femoral neck. - Hip dysplasia — abnormal development of the hip joint from birth, leading to early arthritis. - Previous hip surgery that has failed. #### When Is Hip Replacement Recommended? - Hip pain that is severe, constant, and limits walking to less than 200–300 metres. - Pain at night that prevents sleep. - Difficulty with basic tasks: putting on shoes, getting out of a chair, climbing stairs. - X-ray showing advanced arthritis with loss of joint space. - Conservative treatment (physiotherapy, pain medication, steroid injections) has failed. #### Types of Hip Replacement #### Total Hip Replacement (THR) - The entire hip joint is replaced with artificial components. - Most commonly performed for advanced arthritis and severe joint damage. #### Partial Hip Replacement (Hemiarthroplasty) - Only the femoral head (ball portion of the hip joint) is replaced. - Commonly recommended for hip fractures, especially in elderly patients. #### Hip Resurfacing - A bone-preserving alternative to total hip replacement. - Suitable for younger, active patients with good bone quality. #### Revision Hip Replacement - Performed to replace or repair a worn-out, loosened, or failed hip implant. - Recommended when a previous hip replacement no longer functions effectively. #### Recovery After Hip Replacement — Timeline - Day 1 (surgery day): Walking begins within 4–6 hours of surgery at SRM Prime Hospital. Standing at the bedside with a physiotherapist. - Day 2: Walking down the corridor with a zimmer frame. Hip precaution instructions given (avoid bending the hip beyond 90 degrees initially — depending on approach used). - Day 3–5: Discharged home. Able to manage basic activities. Crutches or a zimmer frame. - Week 2–3: Physiotherapy at home or as an outpatient. Increasing walking distance daily. - Week 4–6: Transition from zimmer frame to walking stick. Driving may resume around 6–8 weeks (right hip) with surgeon clearance. - Month 2–3: Most daily activities resumed. Walking without support for many patients. - Month 6: Full recovery. Return to swimming, cycling, golf, and light recreational activities. #### Hip Precautions After Surgery (Posterior Approach) To protect the new joint while the surrounding muscles and soft tissues heal, the following precautions are essential for the first 6–12 weeks: - Do NOT bend the hip beyond 90 degrees — avoid low chairs, low toilets, bending to pick items from the floor. - Do NOT cross your legs. - Do NOT turn your foot excessively inward. - Use a raised toilet seat — available from our physiotherapy team. - Sleep with a pillow between your legs for the first 6 weeks. Note: The anterior (front) approach to hip replacement generally has fewer restrictions and may allow faster return to activities. Discuss which approach is most suitable for you with your surgeon. Hip pain stopping you from living your life? Our joint replacement team at SRM Prime Hospital offers same-day consultation and comprehensive hip replacement surgery with the latest implants. Book Appointment: www.srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 #### How soon can I walk after a hip replacement? At SRM Prime Hospital, most patients stand at the bedside within 4–6 hours of returning from the operating theatre, and walk down the corridor on Day 1. Early mobilisation is a key component of our enhanced recovery programme. #### Can I sit cross-legged on the floor after hip replacement? After posterior approach hip replacement, sitting cross-legged or on low surfaces is generally not recommended due to the risk of hip dislocation. After anterior approach surgery, some patients are able to sit cross-legged with time — discuss this with your surgeon. Special implant designs for the Indian lifestyle are available. #### Is hip replacement painful during recovery? Pain is well controlled with our enhanced pain management protocol — combining nerve blocks, spinal anaesthesia, and oral medications. Most patients describe manageable discomfort rather than severe pain after the first 2–3 days. #### What activities can I do after hip replacement? Low-impact activities are recommended: walking, swimming, cycling, golf. High-impact activities (running, tennis, jumping) are generally discouraged as they accelerate implant wear. The majority of patients can live completely normal lives including social activities, travel, and light exercise. #### How long do I need physiotherapy after hip replacement? Physiotherapy is essential for at least 3–6 months after hip replacement — starting on Day 1 in hospital and continuing as an outpatient. Our physiotherapy team at SRM Prime Hospital provides a structured programme tailored to each patient's recovery stage. ## ACL Surgery: What Is It, Arthroscopic Reconstruction, and Returning to Sport URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/acl-surgery-what-is-it-arthroscopic-reconstruction-and-returning-to-sport Summary: Learn about ACL tear symptoms, arthroscopic reconstruction, graft options & recovery timelines. Get expert sports injury care at SRM Prime Hospital. An ACL (anterior cruciate ligament) tear is one of the most common and feared sports injuries in India — affecting cricketers, footballers, badminton players, gym enthusiasts, and even people who simply step off a kerb at the wrong angle. The good news: arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is a highly effective procedure with excellent outcomes. With the right surgery and the right rehabilitation, the majority of patients return to their pre-injury sport and activity level. #### Key Takeaways - The ACL cannot heal itself — if you want to return to cutting sports or high-demand activity, reconstruction is almost always recommended. - Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction uses keyhole surgery — 2–3 small holes in the knee, no large incisions. - The graft (replacement ligament) integrates into the knee over 9–12 months — this is why return to sport takes this long. - Rehabilitation after ACL surgery is as important as the surgery itself — it cannot be rushed. - SRM Prime Hospital offers arthroscopic ACL reconstruction with bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) and hamstring tendon grafts. #### What Is the ACL and Why Does It Matter? The ACL is one of four major ligaments in the knee, running diagonally through the middle of the joint. It stabilises the knee during pivoting, cutting, jumping, and sudden stops. When the ACL tears — usually during a non-contact pivot, sudden direction change, or landing from a jump — there is often a 'pop' heard, followed by immediate swelling, instability, and inability to continue the activity. #### Symptoms of ACL Tear - An audible or felt 'pop' at the moment of injury. - Rapid swelling of the knee within 2–6 hours (haemarthrosis — blood in the joint). - Severe pain immediately after injury, then variable pain as swelling increases. - Feeling that the knee is 'giving way' or unstable during activity. - Inability to continue playing or walking comfortably. #### Do I Need ACL Surgery? Not everyone with an ACL tear needs surgery. The decision depends on: - Age and activity level — young, active patients who want to return to sport almost always benefit from reconstruction. - Degree of instability — if the knee is significantly unstable with daily activities, surgery is recommended. - Associated injuries — meniscus tears or cartilage damage (common with ACL tears) are treated at the same time during arthroscopy. - Professional requirements — athletes, military personnel, or those with physically demanding jobs are strongly advised to have reconstruction. - Older or less active patients with minimal instability may manage with physiotherapy and activity modification. #### Arthroscopic ACL Reconstruction — The Procedure Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction is performed under spinal or general anaesthesia. Two to three tiny incisions (portals) are made around the knee. A camera and some specialised instruments are inserted. The torn ACL is trimmed. A graft — either from your own hamstring tendon or patellar tendon — is harvested, shaped, and threaded through precisely drilled tunnels in the femur and tibia. It is fixed in position with screws or other fixation devices. The surgery takes approximately 60–90 minutes. Phase 1 (Weeks 1–2): - Goal: Reduce swelling and regain full knee extension - Key Activities: Ice therapy, leg elevation, quad sets, straight leg raises Phase 2 (Weeks 3–6): - Goal: Regain range of motion and improve strength - Key Activities: Cycling, pool walking, progressive strengthening exercises Phase 3 (Months 2–4): - Goal: Improve neuromuscular control - Key Activities: Balance training, gym exercises, light jogging Phase 4 (Months 4–6): - Goal: Sport-specific conditioning - Key Activities: Running drills, agility training, change-of-direction exercises Phase 5 (Months 6–9): - Goal: Return to training - Key Activities: Sport-specific practice sessions, contact drills Phase 6 (Months 9–12): - Goal: Return to competitive sports - Key Activities: Clearance by surgeon and physiotherapist after functional testing #### Common ACL rehabilitation mistakes that delay recovery: - Returning to sport before the graft has matured (before 9–12 months) - Skipping physiotherapy sessions — this is the most preventable cause of poor outcomes - Progressing too fast between phases — the graft is at its weakest at 6–8 weeks - Neglecting the uninjured leg — symmetry between both legs is essential before return to sport ##### Suffered a knee injury or ACL tear? Our sports medicine and orthopaedic team at SRM Prime Hospital offer same-day MRI evaluation and expert ACL surgery consultation. [Book Appointment: srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us) #### How long after ACL surgery can I return to cricket or football? Full return to competitive sport typically takes 9–12 months after ACL reconstruction. This timeline is based on graft maturation biology — the new ligament goes through a weakening then strengthening phase. Returning too early significantly increases re-tear risk. #### Which is better — hamstring graft or bone-patellar tendon-bone graft for ACL? Both are effective. Bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) graft has a strong bone-to-bone healing and is preferred for elite athletes and patients with high instability demands. Hamstring tendon graft has less donor-site morbidity (less anterior knee pain) and is preferred for many recreational athletes. Your surgeon will recommend based on your specific anatomy and activity goals. #### Can a re-torn ACL be repaired again? Yes. Revision ACL reconstruction is possible but is more technically challenging. Outcomes are slightly less predictable than primary ACL surgery. Using a different graft source from the first operation is usually recommended. #### Will my knee be normal after ACL surgery? The majority of patients achieve close-to-normal knee function. However, even with perfect surgery and rehabilitation, the risk of knee osteoarthritis is slightly higher long-term after an ACL injury compared to a knee that was never injured — particularly if there was associated meniscal or cartilage damage. #### Can ACL surgery be done without putting me completely to sleep? Yes. Most ACL reconstructions at SRM Prime Hospital are performed under spinal anaesthesia (an injection in the lower back that numbs from the waist down) combined with sedation. General anaesthesia is an alternative. You and the anaesthetist will discuss the best option for you. ## What is Interventional Radiology? How It’s Replacing Traditional Surgery for Complex Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/what-is-interventional-radiology-how-its-replacing-traditional-surgery-for-complex-conditions Summary: Discover what interventional radiology is and how it replaces traditional surgery with minimally invasive care & faster recovery at SRM Prime Hospital. In modern medicine, not all treatments require large incisions, long hospital stays, or extended recovery periods anymore. One of the most transformative advancements driving this shift is Interventional Radiology (IR)—a minimally invasive, image-guided approach that is rapidly changing how complex diseases are treated. From treating blocked blood vessels to managing tumors, interventional radiology is increasingly replacing traditional open surgeries with safer, faster, and more precise procedures. #### What is Interventional Radiology?Interventional Radiology is a specialised branch of medicine that uses medical imaging technologies such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI, and ultrasound to guide minimally invasive procedures inside the body. Instead of large surgical cuts, IR procedures involve: - Tiny incisions (often just a few millimeters) - Thin tubes called catheters - Real-time imaging guidance This allows doctors to diagnose and treat a wide range of conditions with high precision and minimal trauma to the body. #### How Interventional Radiology Works #### Interventional radiologists use imaging as a “roadmap” to navigate inside the body. A typical procedure involves: - Small entry point creation – usually in the wrist or groin - Insertion of a catheter or needle - Navigation using live imaging - Targeted treatment delivery (such as delivering medication, removing blockages, or destroying abnormal tissue) Because everything is image-guided, doctors can reach deep or complex areas without open surgery. #### Conditions Treated by Interventional Radiology #### Interventional radiology is used across multiple specialities. Some common conditions include: - Blocked arteries (Peripheral Artery Disease) - Stroke prevention and treatment - Tumors (liver, kidney, lung, etc.) - Uterine fibroids - Internal bleeding - Varicose veins - Kidney and bile duct obstructions - Chronic pain conditions In oncology, IR plays a major role in minimally invasive cancer treatments such as tumor ablation and chemoembolisation. #### 1. Minimal Invasiveness Unlike open surgery, IR procedures do not require large incisions, reducing trauma to the body. #### 2. Faster Recovery Time Most patients return to normal activities within days instead of weeks. #### 3. Lower Risk of Complications Reduced blood loss, lower infection rates, and fewer post-operative complications. #### 4. Shorter Hospital Stay Many procedures are done on a day-care or short-stay basis. #### 5. High Precision Image guidance allows doctors to target only the affected area, preserving healthy tissue. #### Interventional Radiology vs Traditional Surgery #### Interventional Radiology - Requires only a very small incision or needle puncture. - Offers faster recovery, often within a few days. - Usually performed as a day-care procedure or requires only a short hospital stay. - Causes minimal pain with less discomfort after the procedure. - Has a lower risk of complications, including reduced bleeding and infection. #### Traditional Surgery - Requires a larger surgical incision. - Recovery can take several weeks to months, depending on the procedure. - Typically involves a longer hospital stay. - Associated with moderate to severe post-operative pain. - Carries a higher risk of complications, such as infection, blood loss, and longer wound healing. #### Common Interventional Radiology Procedures #### Some widely performed IR procedures include: - Angioplasty & Stenting – to open blocked blood vessels - Embolisation – to block abnormal blood flow (e.g., tumors, bleeding) - Ablation Therapy – using heat or cold to destroy tumors - Thrombolysis – dissolving blood clots - Biopsy Procedures – image-guided tissue sampling - Drainage Procedures – removing fluid from abscesses or organs #### Advantages for Patients #### Patients undergoing interventional radiology benefit from: - Less pain and scarring - Reduced hospital costs - Lower anaesthesia requirements - Quicker return to normal life - Better cosmetic outcomes #### The Future of Surgery is Minimally Invasive With continuous advancements in imaging technology, robotics, and catheter-based tools, interventional radiology is becoming a cornerstone of modern healthcare. In many cases, it is no longer a question of “open surgery or not,” but rather “can this be treated better with interventional radiology?” Hospitals with advanced imaging and specialised IR teams are now able to treat conditions that once required major surgery with simple, precise procedures. #### Conclusion Interventional Radiology is redefining modern healthcare by replacing many traditional open surgical procedures with safe, precise, and minimally invasive image-guided treatments. From treating vascular diseases and cancers to managing emergency bleeding and complex organ conditions, IR is helping patients recover faster, with less pain and fewer complications. As medical technology continues to evolve, hospitals equipped with advanced imaging systems and multidisciplinary expertise are leading this transformation. One such institution is SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai. As a quaternary care centre under the SRM Group, the hospital is built on the foundation of advanced infrastructure, cutting-edge imaging technologies, and highly experienced specialists. With facilities such as AI-enabled radiology, smart cath labs, modular operation theatres, and 24/7 emergency care, SRM Prime Hospital is well-positioned to deliver modern interventional radiology and other minimally invasive treatments that align with global standards of care . By integrating innovation with compassionate care, SRM Prime Hospital reflects the future of healthcare where procedures are less invasive, recovery is faster, and patient outcomes are significantly improved. Interventional Radiology is no longer just an alternative to surgery—it is rapidly becoming the preferred choice for many complex conditions, and institutions like SRM are at the forefront of this medical revolution. ## Kidney Stone Surgery: PCNL vs Laser Lithotripsy (RIRS) vs ESWL — Which Procedure Is Right for You? URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/kidney-stone-surgery-pcnl-vs-laser-lithotripsy-rirs-vs-eswl--which-procedure-is-right-for-you Summary: Compare kidney stone surgery options — PCNL vs RIRS vs laser lithotripsy vs ESWL — with expert guidance from SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai. Find your fit. Kidney Stone Surgery Pcnl Vs Laser Lithotripsy Rirs Vs Eswl Which Procedure Is Right For You Not all kidney stones are treated the same way. The choice of procedure depends on the stone's size, location, density, and the anatomy of the kidney — and getting this decision right makes the difference between a single successful treatment and/or the need for repeated procedures. This guide explains the three main kidney stone surgical options available at SRM Prime Hospital and how the right treatment is chosen for you. #### Key Takeaways - Stones smaller than 5mm often pass on their own with fluids and medication — no surgery needed. - Stones 5–20mm are most commonly treated with URS/RIRS laser lithotripsy — a keyhole technique through the urethra. - Stones larger than 20mm and staghorn calculi are best treated with PCNL — a keyhole through the back. - SRM Prime Hospital offers all three modalities — the most appropriate is chosen based on your specific stone characteristics. #### Overview of the Three Main Procedures #### Procedure - URS/RIRS (Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery) – Laser - PCNL (Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy) #### Method - URS/RIRS: Laser fibre passed through the urethra and ureter. - PCNL: Small hole created through the back into the kidney. #### Hospital Stay - URS/RIRS: Day surgery – discharged on the same day. - PCNL: Requires 1–2 nights of hospital stay. #### URS/RIRS — Laser Lithotripsy Through the Urethra (Semi-Rigid and Flexible Ureteroscopy) RIRS is performed under general or spinal anaesthesia. A Semi-Rigid and flexible scope — thinner than a pencil — is passed through the urethra, bladder, and ureter into the kidney. A laser fibre is then used to dust the stone (break it into very fine powder that passes in urine) or break it into small fragments that are removed with a basket. No incisions. A temporary ureteric stent (DJ stent) is left for 1–4 weeks to protect the healing ureter. Day surgery — return home the same day or the next morning. #### PCNL — Through a Small Hole in the Back PCNL is performed under general anaesthesia. A 1 cm incision is made in the back, and a tract is created through the skin into the kidney under X-ray guidance. A nephroscope is inserted, and the stone is broken with ultrasonic, pneumatic, or laser energy, then removed through the tract. A drain (nephrostomy tube) may be left for 1–2 days. Hospital stay: 1-2 nights. Mini-PCNL and ultra-mini-PCNL use even smaller tracts, reducing blood loss and recovery time. #### Comparison Point & Details #### Best Stone Size - URS/RIRS: 5–20 mm stones - PCNL: Stones larger than 20 mm #### Anaesthesia - URS/RIRS: General or spinal anaesthesia - PCNL: General anaesthesia #### Hospital Stay - URS/RIRS: Same-day discharge - PCNL: 1–2 days hospital stay #### Stone-Free Rate - URS/RIRS: 90–95% - PCNL: 90–98% #### Upper Pole Stones - URS/RIRS: Excellent outcomes - PCNL: Excellent outcomes #### Staghorn Stones - URS/RIRS: Limited suitability - PCNL: Highly suitable #### Return to Work - URS/RIRS: 3–5 days - PCNL: Around 1 week #### DJ Stent — What Is It and Why Is It Needed? A DJ (double J) stent is a soft plastic tube placed inside the ureter (the tube from the kidney to the bladder) after URS/RIRS or PCNL. It keeps the ureter open while it heals and helps stone fragments pass. The stent causes symptoms — urinary urgency, frequency, and mild discomfort — that resolve when it is removed in clinic (usually 1–4 weeks after surgery, under local anaesthesia). Diagnosed with a kidney stone? Our urology team at SRM Prime Hospital will recommend the most appropriate, minimally invasive treatment based on your stone's specific characteristics. Same-day ultrasound and CT available. Book Appointment: [srmhospitals.com](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us) | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 #### Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)Can kidney stones come back after surgery? Yes. The stone formation tendency is often metabolic (related to diet, fluid intake, or a metabolic abnormality). After successful stone removal, urine analysis and blood tests identify the underlying cause, and dietary and medication measures are recommended to prevent recurrence. #### How painful is kidney stone surgery? URS/RIRS causes mild urinary discomfort for a few days after surgery (managed with oral medication). PCNL causes more significant back and side discomfort managed with regular analgesia in the hospital. #### How long does the DJ stent stay in? Typically 1–4 weeks, depending on the procedure and your ureter's healing. The stent is removed in clinic with a small flexible camera — no anaesthesia needed — in approximately 5 minutes. #### What is the best diet to prevent kidney stones? Drink 2.5–3 litres of water daily (the most important measure). Reduce salt and animal protein. For calcium oxalate stones (most common): limit high-oxalate foods like spinach, tomatoes, and nuts. For uric acid stones: reduce red meat, shellfish, and alcohol. #### Can a 10mm kidney stone pass on its own? A 10mm stone is unlikely to pass spontaneously — the ureter is typically 3–4mm wide at its narrowest point. Medical expulsive therapy (tamsulosin) helps passage of borderline stones (5–7mm), but stones of 10mm almost always require intervention. ## Prostate Surgery (TURP / HoLEP): Treatment for Enlarged Prostate in Men URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/prostate-surgery-turp--holep-treatment-for-enlarged-prostate-in-men Summary: Complete guide to enlarged prostate surgery at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — TURP vs HoLEP laser surgery, what each involves, outcomes & recovery time. Prostate Surgery Turp Holep Treatment For Enlarged Prostate In Men An enlarged prostate (benign prostatic hyperplasia, or BPH) affects more than 50% of Indian men over 60 and 90% over 80. Yet, embarrassment and misconceptions about treatment prevent many men from seeking help for symptoms that significantly affect quality of life — particularly sleep. This guide explains the surgical options honestly, including the questions men are often too embarrassed to ask. #### Key Takeaways - BPH is not cancer — it is a benign (non-cancerous) overgrowth of the prostate gland. - Surgery is recommended when medication fails to control symptoms or when complications develop (bladder damage, kidney damage, recurrent UTIs, bladder stones). - TURP is the traditional gold standard — still excellent and widely available. - HoLEP (laser prostate surgery) has significantly lower bleeding risk, shorter catheter time, and is preferred for very large prostate>80g. - Ejaculatory dysfunction (dry orgasm) is common after prostate surgery — erectile function is usually preserved with modern techniques such as UroLift System, Rezūm, and iTind. #### Symptoms of Enlarged Prostate (BPH) - Weak or interrupted urine stream. - Feeling that the bladder does not empty fully. - Straining to begin urination. - Frequent urination — particularly at night (nocturia), often 3–5 times. - Sudden urgent need to urinate (urgency). - Dribbling at the end of urination. - In severe cases: complete inability to urinate (urinary retention) — this is an emergency. #### When Is Surgery Recommended for Enlarged Prostate? - Medications (alpha blockers like tamsulosin, 5-alpha reductase inhibitors like finasteride) have failed to control symptoms. - Urinary retention — inability to urinate — requiring repeated catheterisation. - Recurrent urinary tract infections from incomplete bladder emptying. - Bladder stones caused by urinary stasis. - Kidney damage from back pressure. - Severe symptoms significantly affecting quality of life. #### TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) TURP is performed under spinal anaesthesia. A resectoscope (instrument with a camera and electrical loop) is passed through the urethra — no incisions. The enlarged prostate tissue is systematically removed using the electrical loop. Chips of tissue are flushed out. A urinary catheter is left for 1–3 days. TURP is highly effective for prostates up to approximately 80 grams. Hospital stay: 2–3 nights. #### HoLEP — Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate HoLEP uses a holmium laser to enucleate (shell out) the entire enlarged inner prostate lobe in a single piece, rather than removing it chip by chip. The laser seals blood vessels as it works, causing significantly less bleeding than TURP. The enucleated tissue is then morcellated (broken into small pieces) and removed. HoLEP is effective for any size prostate, including very large glands (greater than 80 grams) where TURP is less effective. Catheter removed after 1–2 days. Hospital stay: 2–3 nights. TURP (Transurethral Resection of the Prostate) and HoLEP (Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate) are both highly effective treatments for an enlarged prostate, providing excellent symptom relief in about 85–90% of patients. TURP is generally recommended for prostates up to 80 grams, while HoLEP can be performed on prostates of any size. HoLEP has a lower risk of bleeding compared to TURP, making it a preferred option for patients taking blood-thinning medications. The catheter is typically removed within 1–2 days after HoLEP, compared to 2–3 days after TURP. Hospital stay is usually similar for both procedures, averaging 2–3 nights. In terms of long-term outcomes, TURP has a recurrence rate of approximately 5–15% over 10 years, whereas HoLEP has a recurrence rate of less than 1%, making it a durable treatment option. #### What Happens to Sexual Function After Prostate Surgery? This is the question men most frequently ask privately. Here is the honest answer: - Retrograde ejaculation (dry orgasm) — semen goes backward into the bladder instead of forward during orgasm — occurs in 70–90% of patients after TURP and HOLEP. Orgasm still occurs and is usually pleasurable, but there is no visible ejaculation. This is permanent. - Erectile function — TURP and HoLEP are not designed to affect the nerves controlling erections. Erectile dysfunction is not a typical result of these procedures. Pre-existing erectile problems are not improved by prostate surgery. - Urinary continence — temporary mild stress leakage is common for the first few weeks and typically resolves with pelvic floor exercises. Struggling with urinary symptoms or have been recommended prostate surgery? Our urology team at SRM Prime Hospital provides confidential, expert consultation and advanced HoLEP laser prostate surgery. Book Appointment: srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 #### Will I need a catheter after prostate surgery? Yes, temporarily. After TURP, a catheter typically stays for 2–3 days. After HoLEP, it is usually removed after 1–2 days. Most patients urinate well once the catheter is removed. #### Does prostate surgery cause permanent incontinence? Permanent incontinence is rare — less than 1–2% after TURP or HoLEP, with increased risk in patients with associated medical disorders. Temporary leakage in the first few weeks is common and improves with pelvic floor exercises. #### Is prostate surgery the same as prostate cancer surgery? No. TURP and HoLEP treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) — a non-cancerous enlargement. Prostate cancer surgery (radical prostatectomy) is a different, more extensive operation. #### How long does prostate surgery take? TURP takes approximately 45–90 minutes depending on prostate size. HoLEP takes 60–120 minutes. Both are performed under spinal anaesthesia. #### How long before symptoms improve after prostate surgery? Most men notice significant improvement in urine flow immediately once the catheter is removed. Night-time frequency and urgency improve over the following weeks to months as the bladder recovers from years of obstruction, which will be treated with medicines. ## Breast Lump Removal: When Is a Biopsy Needed vs Surgical Excision? URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/breast-lump-removal-biopsy-vs-surgical-excision Summary: Breast lump removal may not always be needed. Learn when a biopsy is recommended, when surgical excision is considered, and how doctors decide. Finding a breast lump can be worrying, but it does not automatically mean cancer. Breast lumps can develop because of several benign conditions, including cysts and fibroadenomas. The first step is to understand what has caused the lump before deciding whether treatment is necessary. Depending on the examination and imaging results, a [doctor](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors) may recommend monitoring, a needle biopsy or [breast lump removal surgery](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/general-surgery). A biopsy takes a small tissue sample for examination, while surgical excision removes the entire lump or abnormal area. The right option depends on the characteristics of the lump and the results of the investigations. ### How Is a Breast Lump Assessed? Assessment usually begins with a physical examination. The doctor may ask when the lump was noticed, whether it has changed in size and whether there are other breast symptoms. Imaging may include an ultrasound or mammogram, depending on the person's age, symptoms and clinical findings. A breast lump may be: - A fluid-filled cyst - A fibroadenoma - Another benign growth - An area of abnormal breast tissue - A suspicious mass The feel of a lump alone cannot reliably identify its cause. Further assessment may therefore be needed before deciding on treatment. ### When Is a Biopsy Needed? A biopsy may be recommended when examination or imaging identifies an area that cannot confidently be classified as benign. A core needle biopsy removes a small tissue sample with a needle. The sample is then examined by a pathologist. Local anaesthetic is generally used, making the procedure less invasive than surgical removal. A biopsy may be considered when: - Imaging shows an area of concern. - The lump has unusual characteristics. - Scan findings are unclear. - Examination and imaging findings do not match. - Tissue confirmation is required before treatment. A needle biopsy can provide useful diagnostic information without removing the complete lump. #### What Happens After a Biopsy? The tissue sample is examined in a laboratory. The result may confirm a benign condition, identify cancer or show an abnormality requiring further assessment. If the biopsy provides a clear diagnosis, surgery may not be necessary. If the result is uncertain or shows an abnormal change, the specialist may discuss whether complete removal is appropriate. The biopsy result is considered together with the clinical examination and imaging findings. ### When Is Breast Lump Removal Surgery Considered? Breast lump removal surgery, also known as an excisional biopsy, involves removing the complete lump or relevant abnormal tissue. A specialist may recommend this procedure when: - A needle biopsy does not provide a definite diagnosis. - The tissue shows atypical or uncertain changes. - The lump is increasing in size. - The lesion causes discomfort or other symptoms. - Imaging and biopsy findings do not correspond. - The lesion cannot be adequately assessed through needle sampling. - Complete removal is considered appropriate. Having the lump surgically removed does not automatically mean that cancer has been diagnosed. In some situations, surgery is recommended because the available tests cannot provide enough information for a firm diagnosis. ### Biopsy vs Surgical Excision Both procedures have a role, but they are not the same. #### Needle Biopsy A needle biopsy: - Removes a small tissue sample. - Usually uses local anaesthetic. - Does not remove the entire lump. - Is less invasive. - Generally involves limited recovery. #### Surgical Excision Surgical excision: - Removes the entire lump or abnormal area. - Allows the complete lesion to be examined. - Requires a surgical incision. - May involve local or general anaesthesia. - Usually requires more recovery than a needle biopsy. A biopsy mainly helps determine what the tissue is. Surgical excision can provide the same diagnostic information while removing the lesion. ### Does Every Breast Lump Need Removal? No. Many breast lumps are benign and can be monitored without an operation. For example, some fibroadenomas can be observed when their clinical and imaging features are reassuring. Certain cysts may also need no treatment unless they cause symptoms or have concerning characteristics. Removal may be considered when a lump changes, becomes troublesome or remains uncertain after previous investigations. The decision should be based on the diagnosis and the individual's circumstances rather than the presence of a lump alone. ### When Should You Seek Medical Assessment? A new or unexplained breast change should be assessed by a healthcare professional. Along with a lump, changes may include: - Thickening in the breast - A change in breast size or shape - Skin puckering or dimpling - A newly inverted nipple - Unusual nipple discharge - A lump in the armpit These signs do not necessarily indicate cancer, but timely assessment can help determine their cause and whether further testing or treatment is needed. ### How Is the Treatment Decision Made? The choice between observation, biopsy and breast lump removal surgery depends on several factors. The specialist may consider: - The person's symptoms and medical history. - Findings from the breast examination. - Ultrasound or mammogram results. - Previous biopsy findings. - The size and characteristics of the lump. - Whether clinical, imaging and pathology results agree. - Whether removing the entire lesion would provide diagnostic or treatment benefit. This approach helps reduce unnecessary procedures while ensuring that suspicious or uncertain breast changes receive appropriate attention. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Can a breast lump disappear without treatment? Some breast changes can vary with hormonal changes. However, a new lump should still be assessed rather than assumed to be harmless. #### Is a core biopsy painful? Local anaesthetic is normally used. Some pressure, mild discomfort or bruising may occur during or after the procedure. #### Does every breast lump require surgery? No. If investigations confirm that the lump is benign and there is no medical reason for removal, monitoring may be suitable. #### Can a biopsy prevent the need for surgery? Yes. If the biopsy provides a clear diagnosis that agrees with the imaging and examination, further surgery may not be required. #### Does breast lump removal surgery mean cancer is present? No. Surgical removal may be recommended when a lump is uncertain, atypical or cannot be adequately diagnosed through a needle biopsy. ### Conclusion A breast lump does not automatically require breast lump removal surgery. In many cases, clinical examination, imaging and needle biopsy can establish the diagnosis without removing the entire lump. Surgical excision may be appropriate when a lump remains difficult to diagnose, shows atypical features, changes over time or requires complete removal. The decision should be based on the clinical findings, imaging and pathology results. At [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/), patients can receive appropriate assessment for breast lumps and guidance on whether monitoring, biopsy or breast lump removal surgery is suitable for their individual condition. ## 7 Cancer Warning Signs You Must Never Ignore URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/7-cancer-warning-signs-you-must-never-ignore Summary: Learn 7 early warning signs of cancer and recommended screenings for Indians. Early detection saves lives — consult cancer experts at SRM Prime Hospital. Cancer is most treatable — and often curable — when detected early. Yet many Indians delay seeking medical attention due to fear, stigma, or dismissing symptoms as 'nothing serious.' Knowing the warning signs and acting on them promptly is the most important step anyone can take. This article outlines the seven most important cancer warning signs according to medical guidelines. ### Key Takeaways - Early-stage cancer often causes no pain, which is why recognising subtle warning signs matters - Most symptoms listed here are NOT cancer — but they need to be evaluated to rule it out - Regular cancer screenings (colonoscopy, mammogram, Pap smear, PSA) catch cancer before symptoms appear - [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) offers comprehensive cancer screening packages ### The 7 Warning Signs of Cancer (CAUTION) - C — Change in bowel or bladder habits lasting more than 2 weeks - A — A sore or ulcer that does not heal within 3 weeks (in the mouth, on the skin) - U — Unusual bleeding or discharge (blood in urine, stool, sputum, or abnormal vaginal bleeding) - T — Thickening or lump in the breast, testicle, or anywhere else in the body - I — Indigestion or difficulty swallowing that persists - O — Obvious change in a wart or mole (change in size, colour, shape, or bleeding) - N — Nagging cough or hoarseness of voice lasting more than 3 weeks ### Additional Warning Signs - Unexplained weight loss of more than 10% of body weight in 6 months - [Persistent fatigue](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types) that does not improve with rest - Persistent pain with no clear cause - Unexplained fever that comes and goes - Night sweats ### Cancer Screening Recommendations for Indians - Breast cancer: Mammogram every 1–2 years from age 40 (or earlier with family history) - Cervical cancer: Pap smear every 3 years from age 21; HPV testing from age 30 - Colorectal cancer: Colonoscopy every 10 years from age 45 - Oral cancer: Regular dental and oral examinations; especially important for tobacco/betel nut users - Lung cancer: Low-dose CT screening for heavy smokers aged 50–80 - Prostate cancer: PSA blood test discussion from age 50 (or 45 with family history) Early detection saves lives. Book a [cancer screening consultation](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/oncology) at SRM Prime Hospital today. [Book an Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us): srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Does cancer always cause pain? No. Many early-stage cancers are completely painless. Pain typically develops in later stages when cancer invades surrounding tissues. This is why screening is so important even without symptoms. #### Is a lump always cancer? No. The vast majority of lumps are benign (non-cancerous) — cysts, lipomas, lymph node swellings, or fibroadenomas in women. However, every new lump should be evaluated by a doctor to determine whether it needs further investigation. #### Can blood tests detect cancer? Some cancers have tumour markers (CA-125 for ovarian, PSA for prostate, AFP for liver). However, no single blood test can screen for all cancers reliably. Imaging and biopsy remain essential for diagnosis. #### Is cancer hereditary? About 5–10% of cancers have a strong hereditary component. BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations increase breast and ovarian cancer risk. Lynch syndrome increases colorectal cancer risk. Genetic counselling is available at SRM Prime Hospital for high-risk families. #### What is the most common cancer in India? Among women, breast cancer is the most common. Among men, oral (mouth) cancer related to tobacco use is a major concern in India. Cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung cancer are also among the most prevalent. ## Sinus Surgery and Advanced ENT Care at SRM Prime Hospital URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/sinus-surgery-and-advanced-ent-care-at-srm-prime-hospital Summary: Get advanced sinus surgery & expert ENT care at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai. Our specialists offer minimally invasive treatment for lasting sinus relief. Sinus Surgery And Advanced ENT Care At SRM Prime Hospital Blocked nose, constant pressure around the eyes, and recurring headaches are not just minor inconveniences they can signal deeper sinus issues. For many patients who do not respond to medication, sinus surgery treatment becomes a reliable option to restore normal breathing and comfort. With the evolution of [ENT care](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/ent), modern procedures are now safer, faster, and far less invasive than traditional methods. Why Sinus Problems Become Chronic Sinuses play an important role in filtering air and maintaining respiratory health. When these passages are repeatedly inflamed or blocked, the condition can turn chronic. Some of the most common triggers include: - Allergies that cause repeated inflammation - Untreated infections that keep returning - Structural abnormalities inside the nose - Pollution and environmental irritants Over time, this leads to persistent symptoms such as facial heaviness, nasal blockage, and fatigue. Research indicates that chronic sinusitis affects nearly 1 in 8 adults globally, making it a widespread health concern. When Doctors Recommend Sinus Surgery Treatment Medication is usually the first line of treatment. However, when symptoms continue despite proper care, doctors may suggest sinus surgery treatment. This is typically advised when: - Symptoms last longer than 10–12 weeks - There is repeated infection throughout the year - Nasal growths or polyps obstruct airflow - [Breathing difficulty](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/breathlessness-causes-when-to-get-checked) affects sleep quality - Imaging shows blocked sinus pathways The decision is always based on a detailed diagnosis and patient history rather than a one-size-fits-all approach. Modern Techniques Used in Sinus Surgery Treatment ENT care has transformed significantly, focusing on precision and patient comfort. Today’s procedures are designed to correct the root cause without major disruption to surrounding tissues. #### Endoscopic Sinus Procedure This technique uses a small camera inserted through the nostrils to access blocked sinuses. What makes it effective: - No external cuts - High accuracy with real-time visualization - Faster healing compared to older methods #### Balloon-Based Sinus Dilation In this method, a small balloon is used to gently widen blocked sinus openings. Why patients prefer it: - Minimal tissue damage - Short procedure duration - Quick return to normal routine #### Structural Correction (If Needed) If the nasal structure contributes to sinus blockage, corrective procedures may be performed alongside to improve airflow permanently. Role of Advanced ENT Care in Better Outcomes The success of any sinus procedure depends not just on surgery but also on the quality of care provided before and after it. Advanced ENT setups focus on: - Accurate diagnosis using high-resolution imaging - Personalised treatment planning - Minimally invasive surgical tools - Continuous follow-up care Clinical observations suggest that more than 85% of patients report noticeable improvement in breathing and reduction in sinus infections after surgery, especially when treated in advanced care environments. What Patients Usually Experience #### Before the Procedure - Detailed consultation and examination - Imaging to identify blocked areas - Guidance on medications and preparation #### After the Procedure - Temporary congestion or mild discomfort - Gradual improvement in breathing within days - Follow-up visits to monitor healing Most modern procedures allow patients to resume daily activities quickly, depending on the complexity of the case. Benefits of Choosing the Right Time for Treatment Delaying treatment often worsens symptoms and affects overall health. Timely intervention through sinus surgery treatment can make a significant difference. Key benefits include: - Long-term relief from recurring sinus issues - Better sleep and improved energy levels - Reduced need for repeated medications - Enhanced breathing and comfort Addressing the issue early also lowers the risk of complications that may affect nearby areas such as the eyes. #### Is sinus surgery treatment a major procedure? Most modern sinus surgeries are minimally invasive and do not involve major incisions, making them less complex than traditional surgeries. #### How soon can normal activities be resumed? Many patients return to routine work within a few days, depending on the type of procedure performed. #### Will sinus problems come back after surgery? Surgery addresses the root cause, but long-term results depend on proper care, hygiene, and follow-up. #### Is the procedure suitable for all age groups? Eligibility depends on the patient’s condition and medical history, which is evaluated by an ENT specialist. #### Does sinus surgery treatment improve breathing immediately? Some improvement is noticed within days, but complete relief develops gradually as healing progresses. #### Conclusion Living with chronic sinus discomfort can affect every aspect of daily life, from sleep to productivity. With the advancement of sinus surgery treatment, patients now have access to solutions that are both effective and minimally invasive. The key lies in accurate diagnosis, timely intervention, and expert care. [SRM Prime Hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/) combines modern ENT technology with experienced specialists to deliver comprehensive sinus care, helping patients achieve lasting relief and improved quality of life. --- # Patient Guides: Common Conditions ## Early Signs of Diabetes You Should Not Ignore URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/early-signs-of-diabetes-you-should-not-ignore Summary: Recognise the early signs of diabetes — fatigue, excess thirst & blurred vision. Get expert diagnosis & diabetes management at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai. [Diabetes](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/diabetic-retinopathy-symptoms-prevention-treatment) is becoming increasingly common across the world, and many people live with the condition for years before realizing it. According to the International Diabetes Federation, about 11.1% of adults globally, nearly 1 in 9 people are currently living with diabetes, and millions remain undiagnosed. Recognising diabetes early symptoms can help individuals seek medical advice sooner and prevent long-term complications. In India, the concern is equally significant. Recent estimates suggest that over 89 million adults in India are living with diabetes, representing roughly 10.5% of the adult population, making the country one of the largest contributors to the global diabetes burden. Many early signs may seem harmless at first fatigue, increased thirst, or frequent urination. Because these symptoms can easily be mistaken for everyday issues, people often ignore them. In fact, research suggests that over 40% of people with diabetes worldwide are unaware they have the condition, which delays diagnosis and treatment. However, paying attention to these signals can make a significant difference in managing health and preventing serious complications related to uncontrolled blood sugar levels. Understanding what the body is trying to communicate is the first step toward [protecting long-term health](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/preventive-health-checkup-importance-every-age-guide). Understanding Diabetes and Why Early Detection Matters Diabetes is a chronic condition that occurs when the body cannot properly regulate blood sugar levels. This usually happens because the body either does not produce enough insulin or cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. When blood sugar remains high for a prolonged period, it can damage blood vessels, nerves, and vital organs. Early detection allows individuals to manage the condition with lifestyle changes, medication, and regular monitoring. Recognising diabetes early symptoms helps prevent complications such as heart disease, kidney damage, nerve issues, and vision problems. Common Diabetes Early Symptoms Many early symptoms appear gradually and may go unnoticed. Being aware of these signs can help individuals take timely action. #### Frequent Urination One of the most common early signs of diabetes is frequent urination. High blood sugar forces the [kidneys](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/nephrology) to work harder to remove excess glucose from the body. People may notice: - Needing to urinate more often during the day - Waking up multiple times at night to urinate - Larger urine volume than usual Frequent urination is often one of the first noticeable diabetes early symptoms. Excessive Thirst Because the body loses more fluids through frequent urination, dehydration can occur. This causes constant thirst even after drinking water. Individuals may experience: - Persistent dryness in the mouth - A constant need to drink water - Feeling thirsty shortly after drinking This symptom often appears alongside frequent urination. Unusual Fatigue [Persistent fatigue](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types) without a clear reason may be linked to blood sugar problems. When glucose cannot enter the cells efficiently, the body struggles to produce energy. Individuals may experience: - Constant tiredness - Difficulty concentrating - Low energy levels Fatigue is commonly overlooked but can be one of the important early symptoms. Increased Hunger Another sign that may appear early is increased hunger, even after eating normal meals. When the body cannot properly use glucose for energy, it signals the brain to consume more food. This can lead to: - Frequent hunger shortly after meals - Cravings for carbohydrates or sugary foods - Difficulty feeling full Unexpected Weight Loss Sudden weight loss without changes in diet or exercise may be a warning sign of diabetes. When the body cannot use glucose for energy, it begins breaking down fat and muscle instead. This can lead to noticeable weight loss over time. People experiencing unexplained weight loss should consider medical evaluation, especially if other diabetes early symptoms are present. Skin and Vision Changes Some early symptoms affect the skin and eyesight, which many people may not immediately associate with diabetes. #### Blurred Vision High blood sugar can affect fluid levels in the eyes, leading to temporary vision changes. People may notice: - Difficulty focusing - Blurred or fluctuating vision - Eye strain If blood sugar remains uncontrolled, it can eventually lead to serious eye problems. Slow Healing Wounds Another warning sign involves wounds or cuts that take longer to heal. High blood sugar can impair circulation and weaken the immune system. Signs include: - Cuts or wounds healing slowly - Frequent skin infections - Recurrent infections These issues may indicate underlying diabetes early symptoms. Dark Patches on the Skin Some individuals develop dark patches of skin in areas such as the neck, armpits, or groin. This condition may be linked to insulin resistance and can appear before diabetes is diagnosed. Tingling or Numbness in Hands and Feet Another possible early sign of diabetes is nerve-related symptoms. People may experience: - Tingling sensations - Burning feelings in the feet - Numbness in hands or toes These sensations occur due to nerve irritation caused by prolonged high blood sugar levels. Who Should Pay Closer Attention to Diabetes Early Symptoms While anyone can develop diabetes, some individuals have a higher risk. People who should monitor symptoms carefully include: - Individuals with a family history of diabetes - People who are overweight or physically inactive - Adults over the age of 40 - Individuals with high blood pressure or cholesterol - Women with a history of gestational diabetes For these individuals, noticing diabetes early symptoms and seeking medical advice is particularly important. Frequently Asked Questions #### What are the first diabetes early symptoms people usually notice? The earliest signs often include frequent urination, excessive thirst, unusual fatigue, and increased hunger. #### Can diabetes develop without noticeable symptoms? Yes. In many cases, type 2 diabetes develops gradually and may not show obvious symptoms in the early stages. #### Are diabetes early symptoms the same for everyone? Not always. Symptoms can vary from person to person. Some individuals experience several symptoms, while others may notice only a few. Conclusion Diabetes often develops quietly, but the body usually provides early warning signals. Recognising diabetes early symptoms such as frequent urination, excessive thirst, fatigue, unexplained weight loss, blurred vision, and slow healing wounds can help individuals seek timely medical attention. Early detection plays a critical role in preventing complications and improving quality of life. Hospitals like [SRM Prime Hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/) focus on early screening and preventive healthcare to help individuals identify warning signs early and take proactive steps toward better health. ## Demystifying HbA1c: What Your 3-Month Average Blood Sugar Says About Your Health URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/demystifying-hba1c-what-your-3-month-average-blood-sugar-says-about-your-health Summary: Learn what the HbA1c test measures, how it reflects your 3-month blood sugar average & why regular testing matters for diabetes care at SRM Prime Hospital. Demystifying Hba1c What Your 3 Month Average Blood Sugar Says About Your Health Managing blood sugar is not just about checking glucose levels on a single day. For people with diabetes or those at risk of developing it, understanding long-term blood sugar control is equally important. This is where the HbA1c test plays a vital role. Often referred to as the “3-month average blood sugar test,” HbA1c helps doctors understand how well blood glucose levels have been controlled over time. It is one of the most important tools used to diagnose diabetes, monitor treatment effectiveness, and prevent long-term complications. #### What is HbA1c? HbA1c, also known as glycated hemoglobin, is a blood test that measures the percentage of hemoglobin coated with sugar (glucose). Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body. Since red blood cells typically live for about three months, the HbA1c test reflects the average blood sugar levels over the previous 8–12 weeks. Unlike a regular blood sugar test, which shows glucose levels at a specific moment, HbA1c provides a broader picture of long-term glucose control. #### Why is the HbA1c Test Important? The HbA1c test helps in: - Diagnosing prediabetes and diabetes - Monitoring diabetes management - Evaluating treatment effectiveness - Assessing the risk of diabetes-related complications - Guiding lifestyle and medication adjustments Consistently high HbA1c levels can increase the risk of complications affecting the heart, kidneys, nerves, eyes, and blood vessels. #### Understanding HbA1c Levels HbA1c levels help determine whether your blood sugar is within a healthy range or indicates diabetes. - Below 5.7% – Normal: Blood sugar levels are within the healthy range. - 5.7% to 6.4% – Prediabetes: Indicates higher-than-normal blood sugar levels and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. - 6.5% or higher – Diabetes: Suggests diabetes and requires medical evaluation and appropriate treatment. #### HbA1c Target for People with Diabetes - Many people with diabetes are advised to maintain an HbA1c level below 7%. - Your target may vary based on factors such as age, overall health, existing medical conditions, and your doctor's recommendations. - Regular HbA1c testing helps monitor long-term blood sugar control and assess the effectiveness of your diabetes management plan. #### What Causes HbA1c Levels to Rise? Several factors can contribute to elevated HbA1c levels: #### 1. Poor Blood Sugar Control Frequent spikes in blood glucose due to uncontrolled diabetes can raise HbA1c significantly. #### 2. Unhealthy Diet High intake of sugary foods, processed carbohydrates, and unhealthy eating habits may increase blood sugar levels over time. #### 3. Lack of Physical Activity Sedentary lifestyles reduce the body’s ability to use insulin efficiently. #### 4. Stress and Poor Sleep Chronic stress and inadequate sleep can affect hormone balance and glucose metabolism. #### 5. Inconsistent Medication Use Skipping diabetes medications or insulin therapy may lead to poor glucose control. #### Symptoms That May Indicate High Blood SugarPeople with elevated HbA1c levels may experience: - Frequent urination - Excessive thirst - Fatigue - Blurred vision - Slow wound healing - Increased hunger - Unexplained weight loss - Recurrent infections However, some individuals may have high HbA1c levels without obvious symptoms, which is why routine screening is important. #### How Often Should HbA1c Be Tested? Doctors may recommend HbA1c testing: - Every 3 months for individuals with uncontrolled diabetes - Every 6 months for patients with stable glucose control - Annually for individuals at risk of diabetes Regular testing helps track progress and identify the need for treatment modifications. How to Improve HbA1c Levels #### Maintain a Balanced DietFocus on: - Whole grains - Vegetables - Fruits in moderation - Lean proteins - Healthy fats - Fiber-rich foods Limiting sugary beverages and processed foods can help stabilize glucose levels. #### Exercise Regularly Physical activity improves insulin sensitivity and supports healthy blood sugar control. Activities such as walking, cycling, yoga, and swimming can be beneficial. #### Follow Medication Instructions Taking medications consistently and monitoring blood glucose as advised by healthcare providers is essential. #### Manage Stress Relaxation techniques, adequate sleep, meditation, and healthy routines can help reduce stress-related glucose fluctuations. #### Monitor Overall Health Managing blood pressure, cholesterol, weight, and kidney health is equally important in diabetes care. #### The Role of Early Detection Prediabetes and early-stage diabetes often remain undiagnosed for years. HbA1c testing allows early identification of blood sugar abnormalities before severe complications develop. Timely diagnosis and intervention can help: - Delay or prevent diabetes - Reduce cardiovascular risks - Protect kidney and eye health - Improve quality of life #### Advanced Diabetes Care at SRM Prime Hospitals [S](https://srmhospitals.com/)RM Prime Hospital provides comprehensive diabetes screening, diagnosis, and management services with a patient-focused approach. The hospital’s experienced endocrinologists, diabetologists, nutritionists, and multidisciplinary specialists work together to help patients achieve better glucose control and long-term wellness. The diabetes care services include: - HbA1c and advanced blood sugar testing - Personalised diabetes treatment plans - Nutritional counseling - Lifestyle modification guidance - Preventive screening for diabetes complications - Long-term diabetes management support With advanced diagnostic facilities and expert care teams, SRM Hospitals focuses on helping patients manage diabetes effectively while improving their overall health and quality of life. #### Conclusion The HbA1c test is much more than just a number — it offers valuable insight into your long-term blood sugar control and overall health. Understanding your HbA1c levels can help detect diabetes early, guide treatment decisions, and reduce the risk of serious complications. Whether you are living with diabetes, at risk of developing it, or simply prioritizing preventive healthcare, regular HbA1c testing and healthy lifestyle choices can make a significant difference in maintaining long-term wellness. ## Recognising Diabetic Foot Problems Before They Get Worse URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/diabetic-foot-symptoms-early-warning-signs Summary: Learn about diabetic foot symptoms, early warning signs, daily checks and when changes like wounds, swelling or colour changes need medical care. A foot problem linked to diabetes may begin with something small: a patch of hard skin, a toe that feels different or a tiny break in the skin. Recognising diabetic foot symptoms at this stage matters because diabetes can reduce sensation and circulation in the feet. A person may continue walking on an injured area without realising how much pressure it is receiving. Looking for physical changes, rather than waiting for pain, is therefore an important part of foot care. ### Diabetic Foot Symptoms Are Not Always Painful Pain is normally the body's warning system. [Diabetes](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/general-medicine-diabetology) can make that warning system less reliable. Long-term high blood glucose can contribute to peripheral neuropathy. When nerves in the feet are affected, a person may not accurately feel pressure, injury, heat or cold. This means a foot problem can become more significant while causing little discomfort. For example, a shoe may repeatedly rub one toe. Someone with reduced sensation may continue wearing it, allowing a blister or skin injury to develop. ### Changes in Feeling Can Be the First Clue Some diabetic foot symptoms are sensations rather than visible injuries. A person may notice: - Pins and needles in the toes - Burning or prickling sensations - Areas that feel unusually numb - Reduced awareness of hot and cold - Increased sensitivity to touch Numbness deserves particular attention because reduced sensation can make everyday injuries harder to detect. ### Look at Pressure Points, Not Just Cuts Foot checks should not focus only on obvious wounds. The heel, ball of the foot and toes receive repeated pressure during standing and walking. Hard skin or callus in these locations can indicate excessive pressure. A callus itself is not necessarily an ulcer. However, in an at-risk diabetic foot, thickened skin may conceal damage underneath. Cutting or shaving it at home can cause further injury. Poorly fitted footwear can also repeatedly stress one area without the person noticing. ### Skin Colour and Temperature Can Reveal a Problem Comparing one foot with the other may make subtle changes easier to identify. A newly red area, swelling or a noticeably warmer part of one foot may indicate inflammation, pressure-related injury or infection. A foot that appears unusually pale, bluish or cold may raise concern about its blood supply. These changes do not identify the cause by themselves but may require professional assessment. ### Why Some Foot Wounds Struggle to Heal Healing requires adequate blood flow. [Diabetes](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/diabetic-retinopathy-symptoms-prevention-treatment) is associated with an increased risk of peripheral arterial disease, where arteries supplying the legs and feet become narrowed. Reduced circulation can limit the oxygen and nutrients reaching damaged tissue. Possible signs include: - Slow wound healing - A colder foot - Colour changes - Leg discomfort during walking - Foot pain at rest in more severe cases Circulation problems require medical assessment rather than home treatment. ### A Wound Can Worsen Without More Pain One important feature of diabetic foot disease is that worsening damage does not always cause worsening pain. Increasing wound size, depth, swelling, discharge, surrounding redness or an unpleasant smell can indicate progression. Black or darkened tissue is particularly concerning because it may be associated with severe tissue damage or poor blood flow. [Fever](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/fever-in-children-when-to-worry) or feeling generally unwell alongside a foot wound may indicate a more serious infection and requires urgent medical attention. ### A Simple Daily Foot Check After removing shoes and socks, examine the tops and soles of both feet, each toe, the heels and the skin between the toes. A mirror can help when checking the soles. Look for anything new, including a blister, crack, swelling, colour change, callus or broken skin. Shoes should also be checked for stones, damaged lining, raised seams or folded insoles that could create pressure. ### When Diabetic Foot Symptoms Need Medical Attention A new ulcer or open wound should not be ignored because it appears small. Assessment is also important for spreading redness, increasing swelling, discharge, sudden changes in foot shape or wounds that are failing to heal. Blackening of a toe or part of the foot, rapidly worsening infection, fever with a foot wound or signs of severely reduced circulation require urgent medical attention. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Can someone have a diabetic foot problem without knowing it? Yes. Reduced nerve sensation can allow pressure injuries, blisters or wounds to develop with little or no pain. #### Does tingling mean a diabetic foot ulcer is developing? Not necessarily. Tingling can occur with peripheral neuropathy and does not by itself mean an ulcer is present. #### Why does hard skin matter in diabetes? Callus can form over areas receiving repeated pressure. Damage may sometimes develop beneath thick callused skin. #### Should a person burst a blister on a diabetic foot? It is safer not to deliberately burst or cut a blister. Significant blisters or skin injuries should receive appropriate medical advice. #### Are cold feet a diabetic foot symptom? They can have several causes. A persistently cold foot accompanied by colour changes or poor wound healing warrants assessment. #### Is pain a reliable measure of how serious a diabetic foot wound is? No. Neuropathy can reduce pain sensation, so the appearance and progression of the wound also matter. ### Conclusion The earliest diabetic foot symptoms may be subtle. A change in sensation, pressure mark, unusual warmth, thickened skin or small wound may be the first indication of a problem. Daily observation is valuable because reduced sensation can hide injuries that would normally hurt. Anyone with diabetes who develops an unexplained foot wound, signs of infection, concerning colour changes or poor wound healing should [seek medical assessment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us). [SRM Prime Hospita](https://srmhospitals.com/)l can provide [specialist evaluation](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-a-thomas-george) to identify the problem and determine appropriate treatment. ## Diabetic Retinopathy: How Diabetes Affects Your Eyes & How to Prevent Vision Loss URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/diabetic-retinopathy-symptoms-prevention-treatment Summary: Learn about Diabetic Retinopathy, its symptoms, risk factors, screening, prevention and treatment options to help protect vision and reduce sight loss. Diabetes can affect much more than blood sugar levels. Over time, high blood glucose can damage the tiny blood vessels that nourish the retina, the part of the eye that receives light and sends visual signals to the brain. This damage can lead to diabetic retinopathy, a condition that may gradually affect vision and, in advanced cases, cause serious sight loss. The challenge is that diabetic retinopathy can develop quietly, without obvious symptoms in its early stages. ### What Is Diabetic Retinopathy? [Diabetic retinopathy](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/ophthalmology) develops when prolonged high blood sugar affects the blood vessels in the retina. These vessels may become weak, blocked or leaky. As the condition progresses, the retina may receive less healthy blood flow, while damaged vessels can leak fluid or blood into the eye. In advanced disease, the retina may respond by forming abnormal new blood vessels. These vessels are fragile and can bleed easily. Scar tissue can also develop and pull on the retina, creating further complications. One important complication is diabetic macular edema (DME). In this condition, fluid builds up in the macula, the central area of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. This swelling can cause central vision to become blurred. ### Diabetic Retinopathy Can Begin Without Warning One of the biggest concerns with diabetic retinopathy is the lack of early symptoms. A person may be able to read, work and carry out everyday activities normally while changes are already occurring inside the eye. As retinal damage becomes more advanced, symptoms may include: - Blurred or fluctuating vision - Difficulty seeing clearly - Dark spots or floating shapes - Cobweb-like lines in the field of vision - Distorted central vision - Reduced vision Sudden changes should not be ignored. A sudden increase in floaters, flashes or a shadow across the field of vision requires prompt assessment because serious retinal complications can sometimes present this way. ### Who Is More Likely to Develop Diabetic Retinopathy? Anyone with diabetes can develop retinal complications. The risk generally rises with the length of time a person has diabetes. Blood sugar control also plays an important role. Other factors that can increase the risk of diabetes-related eye damage include: - High blood pressure - High cholesterol - Poorly controlled blood glucose - Long-standing diabetes - Pregnancy in women with diabetes ### How Is Diabetic Retinopathy Detected? A comprehensive dilated eye examination allows an ophthalmologist to examine the retina for changes that may not be visible through everyday vision. During the examination, eye drops are used to widen the pupils. The ophthalmologist can then look for signs such as abnormal blood vessels, bleeding, retinal swelling or other changes. For people with diabetes, regular eye examinations are important even when there are no vision complaints. A comprehensive dilated eye examination is generally recommended at least once a year, although some patients may need examinations more frequently. ### How Can Diabetic Retinopathy Be Prevented? There is no guarantee that diabetic retinopathy can be completely prevented. However, controlling the factors that contribute to retinal damage can reduce the risk and help slow progression. #### 1. Keep Blood Sugar Under Control Following the diabetes treatment plan is one of the most important steps. Regular monitoring and [HbA1c testing](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/demystifying-hba1c-what-your-3-month-average-blood-sugar-says-about-your-health) can help the treating doctor understand how well blood glucose is being managed. #### 2. Monitor Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Diabetes combined with high blood pressure or high cholesterol can increase the risk of vision complications. Managing these conditions is therefore part of protecting the eyes. #### 3. Do Not Skip Eye Examinations An annual eye examination should not be treated as optional simply because vision appears normal. Retinal changes can be detected before noticeable symptoms develop. #### 4. Follow the Prescribed Treatment Plan Diabetes medicines, insulin and medicines for associated conditions should be taken as advised by the treating doctor. #### 5. Maintain Healthy Daily Habits Regular physical activity, nutritious food choices and avoiding smoking can support better overall diabetes management and eye health. ### What Treatments Are Available? Treatment depends on the stage of diabetic retinopathy and whether complications such as diabetic macular edema are present. When treatment is required, options can include: - Anti-VEGF injections: These medicines can reduce abnormal blood vessel activity and retinal swelling in suitable patients. - Steroid treatment: Steroids may be considered for certain cases involving retinal swelling. - Laser treatment: Laser therapy may be used for selected cases of advanced diabetic retinopathy. - Vitrectomy surgery: Surgery may be recommended when there is significant bleeding, scar tissue or other serious retinal complications. Treatment is selected according to the retinal findings, severity of disease and the patient's overall eye health. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Can diabetic retinopathy occur when vision is normal? Yes. Early diabetic retinopathy may not cause noticeable symptoms. This is why regular retinal examinations are important for people with diabetes. #### Can diabetic retinopathy cause blindness? Advanced diabetic retinopathy can cause severe vision loss. Early detection and appropriate treatment can help reduce the risk of serious visual damage. #### Is diabetic retinopathy reversible? Treatment can control or slow the disease and protect remaining vision, but established retinal damage or vision loss may not always be completely reversible. The earlier significant changes are identified, the more opportunities there are to manage them. #### How often should a person with diabetes have an eye check-up? A comprehensive dilated eye examination is generally recommended at least once a year, but the interval can be shorter when retinal disease is present or the ophthalmologist identifies a higher risk. ### Conclusion Diabetic retinopathy can progress quietly, which makes prevention and regular screening particularly important for anyone living with diabetes. Good blood glucose control, management of blood pressure and cholesterol, healthy daily habits and timely eye examinations all have a role in protecting retinal health. Most importantly, a person should not wait for vision to deteriorate before getting the eyes checked. Early retinal changes can be identified during an eye examination even when day-to-day vision seems normal. For evaluation, screening and management of diabetic eye conditions, patients can consult the ophthalmology team at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) for appropriate assessment and treatment based on their individual condition. ## Chronic Kidney Disease: Early Symptoms, Warning Signs & When to See a Doctor URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/kidney-disease-symptoms-early-warning-signs Summary: Learn about Kidney Disease Symptoms, early warning signs, risk factors, testing, and when to see a doctor for chronic kidney disease evaluation. The kidneys work quietly in the background, filtering waste and excess fluid from the blood. When kidney function gradually declines, the changes may not be obvious at first. This is why understanding [kidney disease](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/kidney-stone-surgery-pcnl-vs-laser-lithotripsy-rirs-vs-eswl--which-procedure-is-right-for-you) symptoms matters, especially for people with diabetes, high blood pressure, [heart disease](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/cardiac-sciences), or a family history of kidney problems. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) often develops slowly, and many people have no noticeable symptoms during its early stages. ### Why Early Kidney Disease Can Be Difficult to Notice One of the biggest challenges with Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is that the kidneys can lose function without causing clear warning signs. A person may feel completely well while kidney damage is developing. For this reason, waiting for symptoms is not a reliable way to detect kidney disease. Blood and urine tests can identify changes in kidney function and protein leakage even when a person feels normal. Diabetes and high blood pressure are among the most important risk factors. Heart disease and a family history of kidney failure can also increase risk. ### Common Kidney Disease Symptoms to Watch For As [Chronic kidney disease (CKD)](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/nephrology) progresses, symptoms may become easier to notice. However, these signs can also occur with many other health conditions, so they should not be used to diagnose kidney disease on their own. #### 1. Swelling in the Legs, Feet or Ankles Kidney problems can affect the body's ability to remove excess salt and fluid. This may cause swelling, particularly around the ankles, feet or legs. Swelling can also occur in the hands or face in some cases. #### 2. Changes in Urination A noticeable change in how often you urinate may be worth discussing with a doctor. Some people may urinate more often, including at night, while others may experience reduced urine output as kidney disease becomes more advanced. #### 3. Foamy Urine Foamy or unusually bubbly urine can sometimes indicate excess protein in the urine. Protein leakage may occur when the kidney's filtering structures are damaged. A urine test is needed to determine whether albumin or other proteins are present. #### 4. Unusual Tiredness Reduced kidney function can be associated with tiredness, weakness and sleep difficulties. These symptoms are not specific to CKD, but unexplained or ongoing fatigue deserves medical attention when combined with other warning signs. #### 5. Nausea, Poor Appetite or Weight Loss With more advanced kidney disease, waste products can accumulate in the blood. This may contribute to nausea, vomiting, reduced appetite and unintended weight loss. #### 6. Itching, Dry Skin or Muscle Cramps Advanced CKD may cause itching, dry or darkened skin, muscle cramps or numbness. These symptoms can develop as kidney function becomes significantly impaired. #### 7. Breathlessness or Chest Discomfort Shortness of breath and chest discomfort can occur in advanced kidney disease and may be related to fluid buildup or other complications. These symptoms should never be ignored, particularly when they are sudden or severe. ### When Should You See a Doctor? A medical evaluation is particularly important if you notice changes such as: - New or worsening swelling - Repeatedly foamy urine - Significant changes in urination - Blood in the urine - Unexplained tiredness or weight loss - Nausea combined with other kidney-related symptoms - Shortness of breath or chest discomfort - High blood pressure that is difficult to control People with diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, or a family history of kidney failure should discuss regular kidney testing with their healthcare provider, even when they have no symptoms. ### How Is Chronic Kidney Disease Detected? Doctors generally use blood and urine testing to assess kidney health. A blood test can measure creatinine and help estimate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which indicates how well the kidneys are filtering blood. A urine test can check for albumin, a protein that may appear in the urine when the kidney's filtering system is damaged. The urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) is one commonly used measurement. Depending on the findings, medical evaluation may also include blood pressure measurement, medical history, medication review and other investigations. ### What Can Help Protect Kidney Function? Early detection gives doctors an opportunity to identify the cause and manage factors that may contribute to further kidney damage. Management may include: - Keeping blood pressure under control - Managing blood glucose when diabetes is present - Taking prescribed medicines correctly - Following an appropriate eating plan - Maintaining a healthy weight - Staying physically active as advised - Avoiding smoking - Discussing potentially kidney-harming medicines with a healthcare professional The right approach depends on the individual's kidney function, underlying condition and overall health. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Can kidney disease have no symptoms? Yes. Early CKD often causes no noticeable symptoms. Testing may be the only way to identify kidney disease during its earlier stages. #### Is foamy urine always a sign of kidney disease? No. Foamy urine can have several causes. However, repeated or unexplained foamy urine should be discussed with a doctor, who may recommend urine testing for protein or albumin. #### Who should get tested for kidney disease? People with diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease or a family history of kidney failure are at increased risk and should discuss appropriate kidney testing with their healthcare provider. #### Can chronic kidney disease be prevented or slowed? Some causes of CKD can be prevented or managed. Controlling blood pressure and blood glucose, following medical advice and addressing underlying health conditions can help protect kidney function and may slow further damage. ### Conclusion Recognising kidney disease symptoms is important, but the absence of symptoms does not necessarily mean the kidneys are healthy. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can develop quietly, making timely screening especially important for people with known risk factors. Swelling, urine changes, unexplained fatigue, appetite changes and other warning signs should be discussed with a qualified doctor rather than ignored. At [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/), patients can seek medical evaluation for kidney-related concerns, appropriate investigations and specialist guidance based on their individual health needs. Early assessment can help identify kidney problems sooner and support appropriate management. ## Fatty Liver Disease: Causes, Stages and How to Reverse It Naturally URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/fatty-liver-disease-causes-stages-and-how-to-reverse-it-naturally Summary: Fatty liver often shows no symptoms. Learn its causes, warning signs, stages & lifestyle changes to reverse fatty liver naturally at SRM Prime Hospital. Fatty liver disease has become a silent epidemic in India. According to recent health screening data, 65% of individuals screened in 2024 had fatty liver — and alarmingly, over half of these cases showed completely normal liver enzyme levels on blood tests. This means the standard blood test is not enough to rule out fatty liver. Here is what you need to know. ### Key Takeaways - Fatty liver usually causes no symptoms until significant damage has occurred. - Normal liver enzymes do NOT rule out fatty liver — ultrasound/fibro scan is needed. - The early stages of fatty liver are completely reversible with diet and exercise. - Untreated fatty liver can progress to cirrhosis and liver failure over 10–20 years. - It can even increase the risk of liver cancer. ### Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease In the early stages (simple steatosis), fatty liver is almost always silent. As it progresses to NASH (Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis), some people notice: - Dull, vague discomfort or a feeling of heaviness in the upper right abdomen - [Fatigue without clear cause](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types) - Weakness - Nausea When fatty liver progresses to cirrhosis, more serious symptoms appear: jaundice, swollen abdomen (ascites), easy bruising, and confusion. At this stage, damage is permanent. ### Stages of Fatty Liver Disease - Stage 1 — Simple steatosis: Fat accumulates in liver cells. No inflammation. Fully reversible. - Stage 2 — NASH: Fat + inflammation and liver cell damage. Still mostly reversible with lifestyle changes. - Stage 3 — Fibrosis: Scar tissue forms. Partially reversible. - Stage 4 — Cirrhosis: Extensive scarring. Irreversible. May require liver transplant. ### Who Is at Risk? - People with obesity — particularly with abdominal (belly) fat - People with type 2 diabetes or prediabetes - People with high triglycerides or low HDL cholesterol - Those with metabolic syndrome (combination of high BP, high sugar, abnormal cholesterol, abdominal obesity) - Heavy alcohol drinkers (alcoholic fatty liver disease) - People on certain medications — corticosteroids, some chemotherapy drugs ### How to Reverse Fatty Liver - Lose 7–10% of body weight — the most effective intervention proven to reduce liver fat. - Follow a Mediterranean-style diet — olive oil, fish, whole grains, vegetables, legumes, nuts. - Cut out sugary drinks including sodas, fruit juices, and sweetened chai. - Eliminate alcohol completely — even moderate alcohol worsens liver inflammation. - Exercise 150–300 minutes per week — both cardio and resistance training help. - Control diabetes and blood pressure — these directly affect liver health. Get your liver health assessed at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/). A fibro scan (liver stiffness test) is available — more accurate than a standard ultrasound for detecting liver fibrosis. [Book an Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us): srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 Frequently Asked QuestionsCan fatty liver be detected by a blood test? Not reliably. Liver enzyme tests (ALT, AST) are normal in up to 50% of people with fatty liver. An abdominal ultrasound, Fibro Scan, or liver biopsy is needed for accurate diagnosis. Is fatty liver dangerous? In its early stages, fatty liver is reversible and not immediately dangerous. However, if left untreated, it can progress over 10–20 years to cirrhosis (permanent scarring) and liver failure, which can be fatal. Can you have fatty liver without being overweight? Yes. Lean fatty liver — also called NAFLD in people with normal BMI — occurs in an estimated 10–15% of cases in India. It is linked to visceral fat (fat around internal organs) rather than overall body weight. How long does it take to reverse fatty liver? With significant lifestyle changes, liver fat can begin to reduce within 3–6 months. Full reversal of early-stage fatty liver typically takes 1–2 years of sustained lifestyle change. Does coffee help fatty liver? Interestingly, yes. Studies show that drinking 2–3 cups of unsweetened black coffee per day is associated with a lower risk of liver fibrosis. This is one of few dietary factors with strong evidence for liver protection. ## Acidity Symptoms: When Everyday Heartburn May Be Signalling More Than Indigestion URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/acidity-symptoms-heartburn-warning-signs Summary: Learn about acidity symptoms, common triggers, warning signs and when recurring heartburn may need medical assessment for reflux or GORD. Many people describe a burning chest, sour burps or an uncomfortable feeling after food simply as ‘acidity’. Often, the discomfort settles and does not return for days or weeks. However, acidity symptoms that become a regular part of the week deserve more attention. Repeated acid reflux may be associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD), particularly when it affects sleep, eating or daily comfort. Rather than focusing on one episode, it is useful to notice a pattern: when does the discomfort begin, what brings it on, and how often does it return? ### Why Is Acidity So Often Ignored? Reflux can seem harmless because it is common and may settle without treatment. Someone may eat a heavy dinner, experience heartburn and feel normal the next morning. The concern is different when the same problem keeps returning. Frequent acidity symptoms can mean that stomach contents are repeatedly travelling upwards into the oesophagus. Unlike the stomach, the oesophagus has limited protection against repeated exposure to acidic contents. This is why frequency matters as much as intensity. Mild discomfort occurring regularly can still be worth discussing with a doctor. ### What Does Acidity Actually Feel Like? Not everyone describes reflux as ‘burning’. The experience can vary, which sometimes makes acidity symptoms difficult to recognise. A person might notice: - Warmth or burning behind the breastbone - A sour or bitter sensation reaching the mouth - Food or fluid coming back after a meal - Repeated belching - Uncomfortable fullness in the upper abdomen - Nausea after eating - Throat irritation - Hoarseness, especially on waking - [Coughing](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-cough-when-it-might-be-more-than-a-cold) after lying down Some people experience several of these together, while others have only one or two. ### Why Can Acidity Become Worse at Night? Timing can reveal useful information about reflux. A person who feels comfortable during the day may develop acidity symptoms after getting into bed. Gravity helps keep stomach contents down while someone is standing or sitting. Lying flat removes some of that advantage. Going to bed soon after a large evening meal may therefore make reflux more noticeable. Meal timing can be particularly important. Leaving a reasonable gap between dinner and bedtime may help some people who regularly experience night-time reflux. ### Triggers Are Not the Same for Everyone There is no universal ‘acidity diet’. A food that causes discomfort for one person may cause no problem for another. Large portions and high-fat meals can contribute to reflux in some people. Coffee, chocolate, spicy dishes, fizzy drinks and alcohol are also commonly reported triggers. Smoking may further affect the body's natural mechanisms for limiting reflux. Body weight can matter too. Increased pressure around the abdomen may encourage stomach contents to move upwards. Pregnancy can have a similar effect because hormonal and physical changes influence the digestive system. A hiatus hernia may also contribute. This occurs when part of the stomach moves upwards through the diaphragm. Rather than removing numerous foods unnecessarily, someone with recurring acidity symptoms may find it useful to notice which meals, timings or habits repeatedly precede their discomfort. ### When Frequent Self-Medication Becomes a Concern Taking an antacid occasionally for brief heartburn is different from repeatedly needing medicine just to get through the week. Frequent use of non-prescription remedies can temporarily control discomfort without explaining why it keeps returning. If acidity symptoms continue despite changes in meal size, timing and known triggers, medical assessment may be more useful than repeatedly treating each episode separately. Depending on the clinical situation, doctors may recommend acid-reducing medicines such as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) or H2-receptor antagonists. Treatment should be selected according to the person's symptoms and health needs. ### Signs That Should Not Be Dismissed as Acidity Certain symptoms need medical attention rather than being assumed to be ordinary reflux. These include: - Difficulty swallowing - Pain when swallowing - Food repeatedly feeling stuck - Vomiting that keeps returning - Unexplained loss of weight - Blood in vomit - Black, tar-like stools Chest pain also requires caution. Heartburn and heart-related discomfort can sometimes be difficult to distinguish without assessment. Sudden or severe chest pain, particularly with sweating, breathlessness, dizziness or discomfort spreading towards the arm, jaw, neck or back, requires urgent medical attention. ### How Are Recurring Acidity Symptoms Evaluated? There is no single test that every person with reflux needs. Assessment usually starts with the pattern of acidity symptoms, including their frequency, timing, possible triggers and response to previous measures. Further investigation may be considered when symptoms continue, the diagnosis is uncertain or warning signs are present. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy allows the doctor to examine the oesophagus and stomach. Reflux monitoring may be useful in selected situations. The aim is not simply to confirm that acid exists in the stomach. It is to understand whether reflux is responsible for the person's symptoms and whether treatment is needed. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Can acidity occur without heartburn? Yes. Acidity symptoms may include regurgitation, sour taste, throat irritation or coughing even when there is no obvious chest burning. #### Is occasional acid reflux GORD? Not necessarily. Occasional reflux can occur without GORD. Repeated, troublesome reflux or reflux associated with complications requires closer assessment. #### Why does acidity start after eating? A full stomach can make reflux more likely. Large portions, certain foods and lying down shortly after eating may contribute. #### Can stress cause acidity? Stress may influence digestive symptoms and eating habits, but recurring reflux should not automatically be attributed to stress alone. #### Should someone stop coffee completely? Not everyone needs to. If coffee repeatedly brings on acidity symptoms, reducing or avoiding it may help. Individual triggers are more useful than blanket food restrictions. #### When should acidity be medically assessed? Recurring symptoms, swallowing difficulty, bleeding, unexplained weight loss or repeated vomiting should prompt medical advice. ### Conclusion The occasional sour burp after a large meal and reflux that keeps returning are not necessarily the same problem. Looking at the frequency, timing and triggers of acidity symptoms provides a clearer picture of whether further assessment may be appropriate. For recurring reflux or concerning digestive symptoms, patients can consult the [gastroenterology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/medical-gastro) team at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) for clinical assessment and an individualised approach to care. ## Vomiting: Causes in Adults and Children and When It Becomes Serious URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/vomiting-causes-adults-children-serious Summary: Learn the common vomiting causes in adults and children, warning signs, dehydration risks, and when vomiting needs prompt medical attention and evaluation. Vomiting is the forceful emptying of stomach contents through the mouth. While many vomiting causes are linked to temporary digestive problems, vomiting can also be associated with infections, medication effects, pregnancy, migraine, or more serious medical conditions. The reason can differ between adults and children. How long vomiting lasts and whether it occurs with fever, abdominal pain, dehydration, [headache](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/migraine-vs-headache-key-differences-explained), or other symptoms can help determine when medical evaluation is needed. ### What Causes Vomiting? Vomiting occurs when the brain activates the body’s vomiting reflex. Signals may come from the digestive tract, inner ear, brain, bloodstream, or other parts of the body. Common vomiting causes include: - Viral or bacterial infections - Food poisoning - Indigestion or overeating - Motion sickness - Migraine - Pregnancy - Certain medicines - Excessive alcohol consumption - Digestive tract disorders ### Common Vomiting Causes in Adults #### Gastroenteritis [Gastroenteritis](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/medical-gastro) is an infection or inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It can cause sudden vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach cramps, mild fever, and tiredness. Repeated vomiting and diarrhoea can lead to dehydration, making adequate fluid intake important. #### Food Poisoning Contaminated food or water can cause vomiting. Symptoms may begin within a few hours or later and can include diarrhoea, abdominal cramps, nausea, fever, and weakness. Medical care may be needed if symptoms become severe or dehydration develops. #### Indigestion and Digestive Problems Eating too quickly, overeating, or consuming foods that irritate the digestive system can trigger vomiting. Conditions affecting the stomach, gallbladder, pancreas, or intestines can also be vomiting causes, especially when symptoms occur repeatedly or with significant abdominal discomfort. #### Migraine [Migraines](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/migraine-vs-headache-key-differences-explained) may cause nausea, vomiting, headache, and sensitivity to light or sound. Vomiting with a sudden or unusual headache should be assessed, particularly when accompanied by confusion, weakness, or vision changes. #### Pregnancy Nausea and vomiting are common during early pregnancy. Although often called morning sickness, symptoms can occur at any time. Severe vomiting during pregnancy can cause dehydration and nutritional problems. Medical evaluation is important when food or fluids cannot be kept down. #### Medicines and Treatments Certain antibiotics, pain medicines, anaesthesia, chemotherapy medicines, and other treatments may cause nausea and vomiting. A doctor should be consulted before stopping prescribed medication. ### Vomiting Causes in Children Children may vomit for many of the same reasons as adults, but dehydration can develop more quickly. #### Stomach Infections Viral gastroenteritis is among the common vomiting causes in children. Symptoms can include vomiting, diarrhoea, fever, stomach cramps, and reduced appetite. Maintaining adequate fluid intake is particularly important for younger children. #### Food-Related Illness Food poisoning can cause vomiting, diarrhoea, stomach pain, or fever. Children showing dehydration or unusual tiredness should receive medical attention. #### Coughing and Respiratory Illness Young children may vomit after intense coughing. However, repeated vomiting should not automatically be assumed to result from coughing when other concerning symptoms are present. #### Motion Sickness Travel by car, bus, boat, or plane may trigger dizziness, nausea, sweating, and vomiting in some children. Symptoms usually improve after movement stops. #### Other Medical Conditions Less common vomiting causes in children include appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, head injury, meningitis, and other medical conditions. Vomiting with severe pain, unusual sleepiness, neck stiffness, or confusion requires prompt assessment. ### How Can Vomiting Lead to Dehydration? Repeated vomiting causes the body to lose fluids and electrolytes. Signs of dehydration include: - Dry mouth or tongue - Increased thirst - Reduced urination - Dark-coloured urine - Dizziness or weakness - Sunken eyes - Unusual sleepiness or irritability in children Infants, young children, older adults, and people with existing medical conditions may become dehydrated faster. Small, frequent sips of appropriate fluids may be easier to tolerate. ### When Do Vomiting Causes Require Medical Attention? Medical assessment becomes important when vomiting is severe, repeated, or prevents adequate fluid intake. Seek prompt medical care when vomiting occurs with: - Blood or material resembling coffee grounds in vomit - Green vomit, particularly in children - Severe or worsening abdominal pain - Severe headache or neck stiffness - Confusion or difficulty staying awake - High or continuing fever - Chest pain - Significant dehydration - Very little or no urination - Vomiting after a significant head injury - Inability to keep fluids down [Infants and young children](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/paediatrics-neonatology) who vomit repeatedly, appear unusually weak, or show dehydration should also be assessed. ### How Are Vomiting Causes Diagnosed? Diagnosis depends on symptoms, duration, age, medical history, medicines, recent food intake, and other factors. A [doctor](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors) may assess hydration and perform a physical examination. Depending on the suspected vomiting causes, tests may include: - Blood or urine tests - Stool tests - Pregnancy testing - Ultrasound - X-ray - CT scan or other imaging Not everyone with vomiting requires testing. Investigations depend on the symptoms and suspected condition. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### What is the most common cause of vomiting? Digestive infections, particularly gastroenteritis, are common causes. Food poisoning, indigestion, migraine, medicines, and pregnancy can also cause vomiting. #### When should vomiting become a concern? Repeated vomiting that prevents fluid intake or occurs with dehydration, blood, severe pain, confusion, or high fever requires medical attention. #### What causes sudden vomiting without warning? Sudden vomiting causes include gastroenteritis, food poisoning, migraine, motion sickness, medication reactions, and other acute illnesses. #### Why does a child vomit without fever? Possible reasons include indigestion, motion sickness, coughing, food intolerance, reflux, migraine, or digestive conditions. #### Can vomiting cause dehydration? Yes. Repeated vomiting causes fluid and electrolyte loss, especially in infants, young children, and older adults. #### What should someone drink after vomiting? Small, frequent sips of water or an appropriate oral rehydration solution can help replace lost fluids. #### Is vomiting always caused by a stomach problem? No. Vomiting causes may include migraine, pregnancy, motion sickness, medicines, inner-ear problems, and other medical conditions. ### Conclusion There are many vomiting causes, from short-term stomach infections and food poisoning to migraine, [pregnancy](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/obstetrics-gynaecology), medication effects, and less common medical conditions. Dehydration, severe abdominal pain, blood in vomit, high fever, or neurological symptoms can indicate a need for medical attention. Children, older adults, pregnant women, and people unable to keep fluids down may require earlier assessment. For repeated vomiting, dehydration, severe abdominal symptoms, or other warning signs, patients can consult the medical team at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) for clinical evaluation, diagnosis, and appropriate treatment. ## Asthma Symptoms in Adults: Early Signs and Treatment Options URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/asthma-symptoms-in-adults-early-signs-and-treatment-options Summary: Learn the early signs of asthma symptoms in adults and effective treatment options. Get expert pulmonology care & diagnosis at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai. [Breathing problems](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/sinus-surgery-and-advanced-ent-care-at-srm-prime-hospital/) are often ignored until they become severe. Many adults assume that shortness of breath, chest tightness, or constant coughing is caused by pollution, stress, or seasonal allergies. However, these signs may actually indicate asthma symptoms in adults, a condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Recognising asthma symptoms in adults early can help prevent serious breathing complications and improve quality of life. With the right treatment and lifestyle adjustments, adults with asthma can lead active and healthy lives. ### Understanding Asthma in Adults Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects the airways in the lungs. When a person has asthma, the airways become inflamed and narrow, making it difficult for air to move in and out of the lungs. Unlike childhood asthma, adult-onset asthma can appear suddenly and may persist for a longer time. Adults may experience symptoms after exposure to triggers such as pollution, workplace irritants, smoke, stress, or respiratory infections. Many adults ignore early warning signs because symptoms may come and go. Over time, untreated asthma can lead to frequent attacks and reduced lung function. Common Asthma Symptoms in Adults The intensity and frequency of asthma symptoms in adults can vary from person to person. Some people experience mild symptoms occasionally, while others may have severe attacks. #### Typical symptoms include: - Shortness of breath, especially during physical activity - Wheezing, a whistling sound when breathing - Chest tightness or pressure - Persistent coughing, especially at night or early morning - Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems - Frequent respiratory infections Many adults notice that symptoms worsen during certain conditions, such as cold weather, pollution exposure, or physical exertion. Early Warning Signs Adults Often Ignore Before severe symptoms appear, the body often sends subtle signals. Identifying these early indicators can help prevent asthma attacks. #### Early asthma symptoms in adults may include: - [Feeling breathless](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/breathlessness-causes-when-to-get-checked) while climbing stairs or walking fast - Frequent coughing after exercise - Mild wheezing during cold or flu episodes - Tightness in the chest during the night - Fatigue caused by poor sleep due to breathing issues These symptoms may seem minor at first but can gradually worsen if left untreated. Causes and Risk Factors Asthma does not always have a single cause. Several environmental and genetic factors can contribute to the development of asthma symptoms in adults. #### Common risk factors include: #### Environmental Triggers - Air pollution - Dust mites - Pollen and mold - Smoke exposure - Strong chemical fumes #### Lifestyle and Health Factors - Obesity - Stress and anxiety - Smoking or passive smoking - Workplace exposure to irritants #### Genetic Factors People with a family history of asthma or allergies may have a higher risk of developing the condition later in life. Research published in the Global Asthma Report suggests that urban pollution and occupational exposure are key contributors to adult-onset asthma, particularly in developing countries. How Asthma in Adults Is Diagnosed If a person experiences frequent breathing problems, doctors may recommend tests to confirm the diagnosis. #### Diagnosis typically includes: - Medical history evaluation - Physical examination of breathing patterns - Spirometry test to measure lung function - Peak flow test to monitor airflow - Allergy tests to identify triggers Early diagnosis is important because untreated asthma can lead to severe flare-ups and emergency situations. Treatment Options for Asthma Symptoms in Adults The goal of asthma treatment is to control symptoms, reduce airway inflammation, and prevent asthma attacks. Most adults can manage their condition effectively with proper treatment. #### 1. Inhaled Medications Inhalers are the most common treatment for asthma symptoms in adults. They deliver medication directly to the lungs. Types of inhalers include: - Reliever inhalers for quick relief during asthma attacks - Preventer inhalers used daily to reduce airway inflammation #### 2. Oral Medications In some cases, doctors may prescribe tablets to help control inflammation or manage allergic reactions that trigger asthma. #### 3. Lifestyle Adjustments Small lifestyle changes can make a significant difference in controlling asthma symptoms. #### Helpful strategies include: - Avoiding smoke and pollution exposure - Maintaining a healthy weight - Using air purifiers at home - Managing stress levels - Staying physically active with doctor guidance #### 4. Monitoring and Action Plans Doctors often recommend creating an asthma action plan that helps patients track symptoms and respond quickly if breathing problems worsen. Regular check-ups help ensure that treatment remains effective over time. ### When to Seek Medical Help Some symptoms require immediate medical attention. Ignoring severe asthma symptoms in adults can lead to life-threatening complications. #### Seek medical help if: - Breathing becomes extremely difficult - Lips or face turn bluish - Reliever inhaler does not improve symptoms - Speaking becomes difficult due to breathlessness Quick medical intervention can prevent serious health risks. #### Can adults develop asthma later in life? Yes, asthma can develop at any age. Many people experience asthma symptoms in adults even if they never had asthma during childhood. #### Is asthma in adults permanent? Asthma is usually a long-term condition, but symptoms can be controlled effectively with medication and trigger management. #### What triggers asthma symptoms in adults? Common triggers include dust, pollen, smoke, pollution, respiratory infections, and strong chemical fumes. #### Can exercise worsen asthma symptoms? Exercise can trigger symptoms in some people, but regular physical activity with proper medical guidance can actually improve lung function. #### How can adults reduce asthma attacks? Avoiding triggers, taking prescribed medications regularly, and following an asthma action plan can significantly reduce asthma attacks. Conclusion Breathing difficulties should never be ignored, especially when symptoms appear repeatedly. Recognising asthma symptoms in adults early helps prevent severe attacks and long-term lung damage. With proper diagnosis, medication, and lifestyle changes, most adults with asthma can manage their condition successfully. For individuals experiencing persistent breathing issues, seeking medical advice from [experienced healthcare professionals](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors#meet-our-doctors) is essential. Expert care and timely treatment at [SRM Prime Hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/)can help patients manage asthma effectively and improve their overall respiratory health. ## Persistent Cough: When It Might Be More Than a Cold URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-cough-when-it-might-be-more-than-a-cold Summary: Learn the causes of persistent cough, including asthma, allergies & infections, and when to seek expert care at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai for diagnosis. Persistent Cough When It Might Be More Than A Cold A cough is one of the body’s natural defence mechanisms. It helps clear mucus, irritants, and foreign particles from the airways. However, when a cough continues for weeks instead of improving, it can signal something more serious than a temporary illness. Understanding persistent cough causes is important because many underlying conditions may begin with this simple symptom. Many people ignore a cough thinking it is just a lingering cold or seasonal allergy. But medical experts explain that a cough lasting longer than three weeks deserves attention. While most coughs resolve on their own, some may indicate infections, respiratory disorders, or chronic health conditions that require proper evaluation. ### Understanding Persistent Cough Causes Doctors generally define a persistent cough as one that lasts longer than three weeks. Unlike a short-term cough caused by a viral infection, persistent coughing may be linked to underlying health issues affecting the lungs, throat, or digestive system. Some common persistent cough causes include: - Respiratory infections that take longer to heal - Chronic respiratory diseases - Post-nasal drip caused by allergies - Acid reflux affecting the throat - Environmental irritants such as smoke or pollution - Certain medications that trigger coughing A prolonged cough may also appear with symptoms such as chest discomfort, [breathlessness](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/breathlessness-causes-when-to-get-checked), or throat irritation. When these symptoms occur together, doctors usually recommend medical evaluation. ### Post-Nasal Drip and Allergies One of the most overlooked persistent cough causes is post-nasal drip. This occurs when excess mucus from the nose and sinuses flows down the back of the throat, triggering coughing. Post-nasal drip may occur due to: - Seasonal allergies - [Sinus](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/sinus-surgery-and-advanced-ent-care-at-srm-prime-hospital) infections - Cold weather sensitivity - Dust or environmental allergens People experiencing post-nasal drip often report throat clearing, a tickling sensation in the throat, or mucus buildup. Treatment usually focuses on controlling allergies or sinus inflammation. ### Asthma and Chronic Respiratory Conditions [Asthma](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/asthma-symptoms-in-adults-early-signs-and-treatment-options) is another common reason for long-lasting coughing. In some individuals, coughing may be the only noticeable symptom, often referred to as cough-variant asthma. Asthma-related coughing typically worsens: - At night - During exercise - When exposed to cold air - Around allergens or pollutants Other respiratory conditions such as chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may also fall under persistent cough causes, especially in individuals who smoke or are exposed to polluted environments. ### Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Some persistent cough causes originate outside the respiratory system. [Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/medical-gastro) is a digestive condition that can trigger coughing when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus. This reflux can irritate the throat and voice box, leading to: - A dry persistent cough - A burning sensation in the chest - Hoarseness or throat irritation - Frequent throat clearing Because GERD-related cough does not always include typical heartburn symptoms, many people remain unaware of the connection. ### Environmental and Lifestyle Triggers Environmental exposure can also contribute to chronic coughing. Polluted environments may irritate the respiratory tract, especially in individuals with sensitive airways. Common triggers include: - Air pollution - Tobacco smoke - Dust and construction particles - Chemical fumes Repeated exposure to these irritants can inflame the airways and create a cycle of coughing that lasts for weeks. ### Warning Signs That Need Medical Attention While occasional coughing is normal, certain symptoms should not be ignored. Doctors advise seeking medical care if coughing persists or is accompanied by unusual signs. Warning symptoms include: - Cough lasting longer than three weeks - Coughing up blood - Unexplained weight loss - Chest pain or difficulty breathing - Fever that does not resolve These symptoms may indicate serious conditions that require medical diagnosis. ### How Doctors Diagnose the Cause Diagnosing persistent cough causes often begins with a medical history and physical examination. Doctors may recommend: - Chest X-rays - Lung function tests - Allergy evaluations - Tests to detect acid reflux These investigations help identify the underlying cause and guide treatment. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How long is considered a persistent cough? A cough lasting longer than three weeks is generally considered persistent and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional. #### Are persistent cough causes always serious? Not always. Many persistent cough causes are linked to manageable conditions such as allergies, mild asthma, or acid reflux. However, proper diagnosis is important. #### Can acid reflux cause coughing? Yes. Acid reflux can irritate the throat and trigger coughing even without typical heartburn symptoms. #### When should someone see a doctor for a cough? Medical consultation is recommended if a cough lasts more than three weeks or is accompanied by fever, breathing difficulty, or coughing up blood. ### Conclusion A cough that does not go away can be frustrating and sometimes concerning. While many people dismiss it as a lingering cold, understanding persistent cough causes helps identify underlying health issues early. Conditions such as allergies, asthma, acid reflux, respiratory infections, and environmental exposure are common reasons behind prolonged coughing. Early diagnosis allows doctors to treat the root cause effectively and prevent complications. For individuals experiencing a long-lasting cough or unusual respiratory symptoms, consulting specialists at [SRM Prime Hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/) can help ensure accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. ## Breathlessness During Daily Activities: A Closer Look at Breathlessness Causes and When to Get Checked URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/breathlessness-causes-when-to-get-checked Summary: Learn breathlessness causes and when shortness of breath needs medical attention. Identify warning signs early and seek timely care. Feeling out of breath after running or lifting something heavy is normal. But what if you start gasping for air while climbing a few stairs or walking across the room? Understanding breathlessness causes becomes important when simple, everyday movements begin to feel exhausting. Many people dismiss early symptoms as tiredness, ageing, or lack of sleep. However, ongoing shortness of breath can be the body’s way of asking for medical attention. Shortness of breath is not a disease. It is a symptom. The key is knowing when it is harmless and when it signals a deeper issue. ### What Does Breathlessness Actually Feel Like? Breathlessness can show up in different ways. Some people feel they cannot take a full breath. Others feel tightness in the chest or the need to breathe faster than usual. Common sensations include: - Rapid breathing - Chest heaviness - Difficulty speaking in full sentences - Fatigue during mild activity - A feeling of air hunger The experience may develop slowly over months or appear suddenly within minutes. The timing and pattern often help [doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/) understand the underlying cause. ### Common Breathlessness Causes During Daily Tasks When everyday activities trigger breathlessness, it is usually linked to the heart, lungs, blood, or overall fitness level. ##### Heart-Related Reasons The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood to the body. If it struggles to do so efficiently, breathlessness can follow. Possible heart-related causes include: - Weak heart muscles - Blocked arteries - Valve disorders - Long-standing high blood pressure Breathlessness that worsens while lying down or comes with chest discomfort should never be ignored. ##### Lung Conditions The lungs are responsible for oxygen exchange. Any disruption in their function may lead to breathing difficulty. Common lung-related breathlessness causes include: - [Asthma](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/asthma-symptoms-in-adults-early-signs-and-treatment-options) - Chronic bronchitis - Emphysema - Lung infections - Allergic airway reactions Symptoms may also include coughing, wheezing, or frequent throat clearing. ##### Low Haemoglobin (Anaemia) When the blood lacks enough Haemoglobin, it cannot carry sufficient oxygen. As a result, even light movement may leave someone breathless. People with anaemia may also notice: - [Constant fatigue](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types) - Pale skin - [Headaches](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/migraine-vs-headache-key-differences-explained) - Dizziness This condition is more common than many realize, especially among women and older adults. ##### Anxiety and Emotional Stress Breathing patterns change under stress. During anxiety or panic episodes, a person may breathe too fast or too shallowly. This can cause: - A sense of choking - Racing heartbeat - Sweating - Tingling in fingers While anxiety-related breathlessness feels frightening, it usually improves with calming techniques. ##### Lack of Physical Conditioning A sedentary lifestyle reduces lung capacity and heart efficiency. Over time, even mild physical effort may feel overwhelming. Being overweight can also restrict chest expansion, making breathing more difficult during activity. ### When Should You Be Concerned? It is important to know the difference between normal exertion and warning signs. Seek medical help immediately if breathlessness: - Starts suddenly and is severe - Occurs even at rest - Comes with chest pain - Causes fainting - Is linked to swelling in legs - Gets progressively worse Gradual breathlessness that limits daily tasks, even without pain, should still be evaluated by a healthcare professional. ### How Doctors Evaluate Breathlessness Causes From a clinical perspective, doctors rarely rely on a single symptom. They assess patterns, medical history, and lifestyle factors. #### Step 1: Detailed Discussion The doctor may ask: - When did it begin? - Is it constant or occasional? - Do you smoke? - Are there other symptoms? - Is there a family history of heart or lung disease? #### Step 2: Physical Examination This includes checking: - Heart rate and rhythm - Oxygen levels - Lung sounds - Blood pressure #### Step 3: Investigations Based on initial findings, further tests may include: - Blood tests - Chest imaging - Heart function tests - Lung capacity assessment Early detection often makes treatment simpler and more effective. ### Why People Often Delay Getting Checked From an observational standpoint, many individuals normalize breathlessness. They attribute it to ageing, busy schedules, or temporary weakness. Some feel embarrassed to seek help for what seems like a minor issue. Healthcare professionals frequently notice that patients present late, once symptoms begin interfering significantly with life. Early evaluation, however, often reveals manageable conditions that respond well to timely treatment. Ignoring persistent symptoms can increase risk and anxiety. Seeking clarity early brings reassurance. ### Practical Ways to Support Healthy Breathing While medical evaluation is important, certain lifestyle adjustments can improve overall respiratory health. ##### Build Gradual Fitness Start with: - Short daily walks - Light stretching - Low-impact exercises Increase activity slowly and consistently. ##### Maintain Balanced Nutrition Iron-rich foods help prevent anaemia. Fresh vegetables, fruits, and protein support heart and lung health. ##### Avoid Smoking and Pollution Smoking damages lung tissue. Reducing exposure to polluted air can significantly improve breathing comfort. ##### Practice Controlled Breathing Techniques like slow inhalation through the nose and gentle exhalation through pursed lips can regulate breathing patterns. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Is breathlessness part of normal ageing? Mild reduction in stamina may occur with age, but noticeable shortness of breath during simple tasks is not considered normal. #### Can dehydration cause breathing issues? Severe dehydration may affect circulation and lead to fatigue, which can indirectly contribute to breathlessness. #### How long is too long to ignore symptoms? If breathing difficulty lasts more than a few days without improvement or worsens, medical advice should be sought. #### Can infections trigger breathlessness? Yes. Respiratory infections can temporarily reduce lung efficiency and cause shortness of breath. #### Is breathlessness reversible? In many cases, yes. Once the underlying cause is treated, symptoms often improve significantly. ### Conclusion Breathlessness during daily activities is a symptom that deserves attention, not dismissal. While some breathlessness causes may be linked to fitness levels or temporary stress, others may signal heart, lung, or blood-related conditions. Recognising patterns early and seeking medical evaluation can prevent serious complications. For those experiencing persistent or worsening symptoms, professional assessment is essential. [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) provides [comprehensive diagnostic and treatment services](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/) for respiratory and cardiac concerns, ensuring patients receive timely and expert care. Early action not only protects health but also restores confidence in everyday life. ## Persistent Fatigue? Why It Might Be More Than Just Stress: A Guide to Anaemia Types URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types Summary: Persistent fatigue may be more than stress. Learn about anaemia, its types, common symptoms, causes, and when to seek medical attention. Persistent Fatigue Why It Might Be More Than Just Stress A Guide To Anaemia Types Feeling tired after a long day is normal. But when exhaustion becomes constant — even after proper rest — it could be your body signaling an underlying health issue. One of the most common yet often overlooked causes of persistent fatigue is anaemia. Anaemia affects millions of people worldwide and can impact individuals of all ages. While stress, poor sleep, and busy lifestyles are often blamed for low energy, ongoing fatigue accompanied by weakness, dizziness, or breathlessness may indicate that your body is not getting enough healthy red blood cells. Understanding the different types of anaemia, their symptoms, causes, and treatment options can help ensure timely diagnosis and proper care. #### What is Anaemia? Anaemia is a condition in which the body lacks enough healthy red blood cells or hemoglobin to carry sufficient oxygen to tissues and organs. As oxygen levels decrease, the body struggles to produce energy efficiently, leading to fatigue and weakness. Hemoglobin is an iron-rich protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen throughout the body. When hemoglobin levels drop, normal bodily functions can become affected. #### Common Symptoms of Anaemia Symptoms may develop gradually and are often mistaken for stress or overwork. Common warning signs include: - Persistent tiredness or weakness - Shortness of breath - Dizziness or lightheadedness - Pale skin - Rapid heartbeat - Cold hands and feet - Headaches - Difficulty concentrating - Chest discomfort in severe cases If left untreated, anaemia can lead to serious health complications, especially in children, pregnant women, elderly individuals, and patients with chronic diseases. #### 1. Iron Deficiency Anaemia This is the most common type of anaemia and occurs when the body lacks enough iron to produce hemoglobin. #### Common Causes: - Poor dietary iron intake - Blood loss from heavy menstrual cycles - Gastrointestinal bleeding - Pregnancy - Poor iron absorption #### Symptoms: - Extreme fatigue - Brittle nails - Cravings for non-food items (pica) - Hair loss - Pale appearance #### Treatment: - Iron-rich diet - Iron supplements - Treating the underlying cause of blood loss Foods rich in iron include spinach, lentils, red meat, beans, dates, and fortified cereals. #### 2. Vitamin Deficiency Anaemia This type occurs when the body lacks vitamin B12 or folate, both essential for red blood cell production. #### Causes: - Poor nutrition - Digestive disorders - Certain medications - Strict vegetarian or vegan diets without supplementation #### Symptoms: - Fatigue - Tingling in hands and feet - Memory problems - Difficulty walking - Mood changes #### Treatment: - Vitamin B12 injections or supplements - Folate-rich foods - Dietary modifications #### 3. Aplastic Anaemia A rare but serious condition where the bone marrow fails to produce enough blood cells. #### Causes: - Autoimmune disorders - Viral infections - Certain medications - Radiation or chemotherapy exposure #### Symptoms: - Frequent infections - Easy bruising - Uncontrolled bleeding - Severe weakness #### Treatment: - Blood transfusions - Bone marrow transplant - Immunosuppressive therapy #### 4. Hemolytic Anaemia In hemolytic anaemia, red blood cells are destroyed faster than the body can replace them. #### Causes: - Infections - Autoimmune diseases - Genetic conditions - Certain medications #### Symptoms: - Jaundice - Dark urine - Enlarged spleen - Rapid heart rate #### Treatment: Depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, blood transfusions, or surgery. #### 5. Sickle Cell Anaemia A hereditary blood disorder where red blood cells become crescent-shaped, affecting oxygen flow and blood circulation. #### Symptoms: - Episodes of severe pain - Fatigue - Frequent infections - Swelling in hands and feet #### Treatment: - Pain management - Medications - Blood transfusions - Advanced therapies and long-term monitoring #### Why Early Diagnosis Matters Many people ignore symptoms of anaemia because they assume stress or poor sleep is the cause. However, untreated anaemia can affect the heart, brain, immune system, and overall quality of life. Doctors typically diagnose anaemia through: - Complete Blood Count (CBC) - Iron studies - Vitamin level tests - Bone marrow evaluation (in specific cases) Early treatment can significantly improve energy levels, concentration, and long-term health outcomes. #### Preventing Anaemia Simple lifestyle changes can help reduce the risk of certain types of anaemia: - Eat a balanced diet rich in iron and vitamins - Include green leafy vegetables, fruits, legumes, and protein-rich foods - Stay hydrated - Avoid self-medicating without medical advice - Seek medical evaluation for prolonged fatigue - Attend regular health check-ups #### Comprehensive Care at SRM Hospitals [SRM Hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/) offers advanced diagnostic services and expert care for patients experiencing persistent fatigue, nutritional deficiencies, and blood-related disorders. With experienced physicians, hematology specialists, advanced laboratory facilities, and personalised treatment plans, the hospital focuses on early detection and effective management of anaemia and related conditions. The multidisciplinary teams at SRM Hospitals help patients receive: - Comprehensive blood investigations - Nutritional counseling - Advanced anaemia management - Specialised care for complex hematological disorders - Preventive health screenings Timely medical attention can make a significant difference in improving energy levels, overall wellness, and quality of life. #### Conclusion Persistent fatigue should never be ignored, especially when it continues despite adequate rest. While stress may contribute to exhaustion, anaemia is a common medical condition that often goes undiagnosed until symptoms become severe. Understanding the various types of anaemia and recognising early warning signs can help individuals seek timely treatment and prevent complications. If fatigue, weakness, or dizziness are affecting your daily life, consulting a healthcare professional is the first step toward restoring your health and vitality. ## Dermatology Treatment at SRM Prime Hospital for Chronic Skin Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/dermatology-treatment-at-srm-prime-hospital-for-chronic-skin-conditions Summary: Explore advanced dermatology treatment for chronic skin conditions at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — expert care for psoriasis, eczema, acne & hair loss. Dermatology Treatment At SRM Prime Hospital For Chronic Skin Conditions Chronic skin conditions can affect more than just your appearance; they often impact confidence, comfort, and overall quality of life. Seeking the right [dermatology treatment](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/dermatology)becomes essential when symptoms persist or worsen over time. At [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/), patients receive advanced care for long-term skin concerns through a combination of medical expertise, modern technology, and personalised treatment plans. Whether dealing with recurring acne, eczema, psoriasis, or hair-related issues, the focus remains on long-term relief and prevention. ### Understanding Chronic Skin Conditions Chronic skin conditions are long-lasting disorders that may require ongoing care and management. These conditions often flare up due to triggers like stress, environmental factors, diet, or genetics. Common chronic skin conditions include: - Psoriasis - Eczema (Atopic Dermatitis) - Chronic Acne - Rosacea - Vitiligo - Fungal Infections - Hair Loss (Alopecia) According to global dermatology studies, nearly 30% of the population experiences some form of chronic skin condition at any given time. This highlights the growing need for effective and accessible dermatology care. ### Advanced Dermatology Treatment Options at SRM Prime Hospital At SRM Prime Hospital, [dermatologists](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-narayanan-a) focus on treating the root cause rather than just symptoms. The hospital offers a wide range of dermatology treatment options designed to manage chronic conditions effectively. #### Medical Dermatology Treatments Medical treatments form the foundation of chronic skin care. These include: - Prescription topical creams and ointments - Oral medications for inflammation and infection - Immunotherapy for autoimmune skin disorders - Antifungal and antibacterial treatments These solutions are carefully prescribed after detailed diagnosis and skin evaluation. #### Laser-Based Dermatology Treatment Laser technology plays a major role in modern dermatology. It is widely used for both therapeutic and cosmetic benefits. Key laser treatments include: - Laser therapy for acne scars - Pigmentation correction - Skin resurfacing - Treatment for vascular lesions Laser procedures are minimally invasive and provide faster recovery, making them ideal for long-term conditions. #### Cosmetic Dermatology Solutions Chronic conditions often leave visible marks or affect skin texture. Cosmetic dermatology helps restore appearance along with medical care. Popular procedures include: - Chemical peels for damaged skin - Microdermabrasion for exfoliation - Anti-aging treatments like Botox and fillers - Scar reduction therapies These treatments improve skin tone, texture, and overall confidence. #### Specialised Treatments for Hair and Nail Disorders Hair and nail issues are often linked to chronic dermatological conditions. SRM Prime Hospital provides targeted treatments such as: - PRP (Platelet-Rich Plasma) therapy for hair loss - Scalp treatments for dandruff and infections - Nail disorder treatments for fungal and structural issues Early intervention can significantly improve outcomes in these cases. ### Personalised Approach to Dermatology Treatment Every patient’s skin is unique, and so is their treatment plan. At SRM Prime Hospital, dermatologists take a personalised approach by considering: - Medical history - Lifestyle factors - Severity of the condition - Skin type and sensitivity This ensures that each dermatology treatment plan delivers effective and long-lasting results. ### When Should You Seek Dermatology Treatment? Many people delay treatment, assuming skin issues will resolve on their own. However, early diagnosis can prevent complications. You should consult a dermatologist if you notice: - Persistent rashes or redness - Itching or discomfort lasting more than a few weeks - Sudden hair loss or thinning - Skin discoloration or patches - Acne that does not respond to over-the-counter products The earlier the intervention, the better the outcome. ### Benefits of Choosing Advanced Dermatology Care Opting for professional dermatology care offers several advantages: - Accurate diagnosis of underlying causes - Access to advanced treatment technologies - Reduced risk of complications - Long-term management of chronic conditions - Improved skin health and confidence Studies show that patients receiving professional dermatology care experience up to 60% improvement in chronic skin symptoms within the first few months of consistent treatment. ### Lifestyle Support Alongside Dermatology Treatment Treatment is not limited to medications or procedures. Lifestyle plays a critical role in managing chronic skin conditions. Dermatologists often recommend: - Maintaining a balanced diet rich in antioxidants - Staying hydrated - Managing stress through relaxation techniques - Using dermatologist-approved skincare products - Avoiding known triggers Combining medical care with lifestyle changes enhances treatment effectiveness. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### What is the best dermatology treatment for chronic skin conditions? The best dermatology treatment depends on the condition, severity, and individual skin type. A dermatologist will create a customised plan that may include medications, laser therapy, or lifestyle changes. #### Are chronic skin conditions curable? Most chronic skin conditions are not permanently curable but can be effectively managed with the right dermatology treatment and consistent care. #### How long does dermatology treatment take to show results? Results vary depending on the condition. Some patients notice improvement within a few weeks, while others may require long-term treatment. #### Is laser dermatology treatment safe? Yes, laser dermatology treatment is generally safe when performed by qualified professionals and is effective for many chronic skin concerns. #### Can lifestyle changes improve skin conditions? Yes, lifestyle changes such as diet, hydration, and stress management can significantly enhance the effectiveness of dermatology treatment. ### Conclusion Chronic skin conditions require more than temporary fixes; they need a structured, expert-led approach for long-term relief. With advanced technologies, personalised care, and a comprehensive range of services, dermatology treatment at SRM Prime Hospital offers patients a reliable path toward healthier skin. By combining medical expertise with modern treatment options, SRM Prime Hospitals continues to provide effective solutions for managing even the most persistent skin concerns. --- # Patient Guides: Women's and Children's Health ## PCOS Symptoms, Diet, Treatment and Fertility: A Complete Guide for Women URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/pcos-symptoms-diet-treatment-and-fertility-a-complete-guide-for-women Summary: Learn PCOS symptoms, causes, fertility issues, diet plans & treatment options. Discover how expert care at SRM Prime Hospital helps manage PCOS effectively Pcos Symptoms Diet Treatment And Fertility A Complete Guide For Women Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common hormonal disorders in women of reproductive age, affecting 1 in 5 Indian women. Despite being so common, it is frequently misdiagnosed or dismissed. Understanding PCOS — its symptoms, causes, and how to manage it — is essential for every woman's health. Key Takeaways - PCOS is not just about irregular periods — it affects metabolism, fertility, and mental health. - Losing just 5–10% of body weight can significantly reduce PCOS symptoms. - PCOS is a leading cause of female infertility — but most women with PCOS can conceive with treatment. - Early diagnosis and management prevent long-term risks including type 2 diabetes and heart disease. ### What Are the Symptoms of PCOS? - Irregular, infrequent, or absent periods (fewer than 8 periods a year). - Heavy or prolonged bleeding during periods. - Excess facial or body hair (hirsutism) — upper lip, chin, chest, abdomen. - Acne — particularly jawline, chin, and cheeks — that does not respond to usual treatments. - Thinning hair on the scalp (female pattern hair loss). - Weight gain — especially around the abdomen. - Darkened skin patches on the neck, armpits, or groin (acanthosis nigricans). - Difficulty getting pregnant. - Mood swings, anxiety, or depression ### What Causes PCOS? The exact cause is unknown, but PCOS involves a combination of insulin resistance (where cells do not respond properly to insulin, leading the body to produce more), elevated androgen (male hormone) levels, and genetic factors. Urban lifestyle factors — stress, poor diet, inactivity, and sleep disruption — worsen PCOS significantly. ### PCOS and Fertility PCOS is the most common cause of anovulation (failure to ovulate) and accounts for around 70% of female infertility due to ovulatory problems. However, it is absolutely not a sentence of infertility. Most women with PCOS can ovulate and conceive — sometimes with simple lifestyle changes, sometimes with medications like letrozole or metformin, and when necessary with IUI or IVF. ### PCOS Diet and Lifestyle Management - Follow a low glycaemic index (low GI) diet — favour whole grains, legumes, vegetables, and lean protein over refined carbohydrates and sugar. - Exercise for at least 150 minutes per week — even brisk walking improves insulin sensitivity markedly. - Prioritise sleep — sleep deprivation worsens insulin resistance and hormonal imbalance. - Manage stress — chronic stress elevates cortisol, which worsens androgen levels. - Even 5–10% weight loss in overweight women with PCOS can restore ovulation and regular periods. Concerned about irregular periods, excess hair growth, or difficulty conceiving? Our gynaecology and endocrinology team at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) offers comprehensive PCOS evaluation and treatment. [Book an Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us): srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 #### Is PCOS curable? PCOS is a chronic condition without a definitive cure, but its symptoms can be effectively managed with lifestyle changes and medications. Many women find their symptoms improve significantly with the right treatment plan. #### Does PCOS always cause infertility? No. While PCOS is a common cause of difficulty conceiving, most women with PCOS are able to achieve pregnancy — either naturally or with [fertility treatments](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/obstetrics-gynaecology). Early treatment improves outcomes. #### What is the difference between PCOS and PCOD? PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) and PCOS are often used interchangeably in India. Technically, PCOS refers to the full syndrome with hormonal imbalance, while PCOD may refer more narrowly to the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries. PCOS is considered a more serious condition. #### Can unmarried women have PCOS? Yes. PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women regardless of marital status. Irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and excessive hair growth can all occur in young, unmarried women with PCOS. #### What specialist should I see for PCOS? A [gynaecologist](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-nandhini-elumalai) is usually the first point of contact. Depending on symptoms, you may also need an endocrinologist for metabolic issues, a dermatologist for skin and hair concerns, or a fertility specialist if conception is a goal. ## Irregular Periods: Common Causes, Symptoms & When to See a Gynaecologist URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/irregular-periods-causes-symptoms-when-to-seek-care Summary: Understand irregular periods, their common causes and symptoms, and when persistent changes or heavy bleeding mean you should see a gynaecologist for care. Not every menstrual cycle follows a perfect schedule. A period may occasionally arrive earlier or later because of changes in the body. But when timing becomes difficult to predict, bleeding changes significantly, or periods stop altogether, it deserves attention. Understanding irregular periods can help women recognise when a change is temporary and when a [gynaecologist's assessment](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/obstetrics-gynaecology) may be needed. Menstruation is influenced by hormones involving the brain, ovaries, thyroid, and reproductive organs. Changes in these systems can affect ovulation and the timing of the next period. ### What Does an Irregular Cycle Look Like? A woman's usual menstrual pattern is often more useful than comparing her cycle with someone else's. A noticeable change in that established pattern can be a reason to seek advice. Some signs include: - Periods becoming unpredictable - Long gaps between periods - Several missed periods - Suddenly heavier bleeding - Periods lasting longer than usual - Spotting at unexpected times - A major change after years of regular cycles Keeping a monthly record can make these changes easier to identify. ### Causes of Irregular Periods: What Could Be Responsible? The irregular periods can vary between women. Age, hormones, lifestyle, medicines, and existing health conditions may all influence menstrual regularity. #### PCOS Polycystic ovary syndrome can interfere with ovulation. When ovulation becomes less frequent or unpredictable, periods may become widely spaced. PCOS may also be associated with acne, unwanted facial hair, scalp hair loss, or weight changes. However, irregular cycles alone do not confirm PCOS. A doctor needs to consider the overall symptoms and, when required, conduct appropriate tests. #### Thyroid Changes The thyroid influences several body functions, including reproductive health. An underactive or overactive thyroid may therefore affect menstrual cycles. Unusual tiredness, weight fluctuation, feeling unusually cold or hot, or changes in hair and skin may provide additional clues. Thyroid blood tests may be recommended when appropriate. #### Stress and Sleep Disruption Work pressure, emotional difficulties, travel, or prolonged sleep disruption can sometimes affect ovulation. During significant physical or emotional strain, reproductive hormone activity may temporarily change. If periods remain unpredictable, stress should not automatically be considered the explanation. Other causes of irregular periods may need evaluation. #### Weight and Exercise Rapid weight loss, inadequate nutrition, very intense exercise, or substantial weight gain may affect ovulation and menstrual timing. A balanced diet and sustainable exercise routine are helpful, but continuing menstrual changes still warrant medical advice. #### Pregnancy If a period is late or missed, pregnancy should be considered if conception is possible. A home pregnancy test can provide an initial indication. #### Perimenopause In the years leading up to menopause, hormone production naturally becomes less consistent. Some women experience longer gaps between periods, while others notice changes in flow or cycle length. #### Medicines and Gynaecological Conditions Hormonal contraception can change bleeding patterns. Certain medicines and conditions affecting the uterus or ovaries can also influence menstruation. These are additional irregular periods that may require clinical assessment. ### Symptoms That Need Attention Along with irregular menstruation, a woman may notice: - Very heavy bleeding - Severe cramps or pelvic pain - Bleeding between periods - Bleeding after intercourse - Acne or increased facial hair - Unexplained weight changes - Hair thinning - Unusual [fatigue](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/persistent-fatigue-why-it-might-be-more-than-just-stress-a-guide-to-anaemia-types) - Repeatedly missed periods - Difficulty becoming pregnant A period-tracking app or calendar can help record dates, duration, flow, pain, and other changes before an [appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us). ### When Should You See a Gynaecologist? Occasional variation may not require treatment. A consultation becomes more important when the change continues, becomes severe, or occurs with other symptoms. See a gynaecologist if: - Previously predictable cycles become consistently irregular. - You repeatedly miss periods without an identified reason. - Bleeding becomes considerably heavier than usual. - You experience bleeding between periods or after intercourse. - Pelvic pain is severe, new, or worsening. - Menstrual changes occur with excess hair growth or significant weight changes. - You are planning a pregnancy and cycles are difficult to predict. - Several periods have been missed after pregnancy has been excluded. Very heavy bleeding accompanied by fainting, marked weakness, or significant dizziness needs prompt medical care. ### How Are Irregular Periods Evaluated? There is no universal test for irregular periods. Evaluation depends on age, symptoms, cycle history, medical background, and reproductive plans. A gynaecologist may consider: - Menstrual history: Timing, duration, flow, and recent changes. - Pregnancy testing: When pregnancy is possible. - Blood tests: Including thyroid or hormone testing when indicated. - Ultrasound: To examine the uterus and ovaries. - Further evaluation: Based on initial findings. Treatment depends on the diagnosis. It may involve lifestyle changes, medication, hormonal management, or treatment of an underlying condition. ### Can Irregular Periods Affect Fertility? Some irregular periods can affect fertility by interfering with regular ovulation. When ovulation is unpredictable, identifying fertile days can also become difficult. PCOS is one example, but irregular periods do not automatically mean infertility. Once the cause is identified, a doctor can discuss suitable options, particularly when pregnancy is planned. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### What are common irregular period causes? PCOS, thyroid problems, pregnancy, stress, major weight changes, intense exercise, hormonal contraception, perimenopause, and certain reproductive conditions can affect menstrual regularity. #### Can stress make periods irregular? Yes. Significant stress may temporarily affect the hormonal signals involved in ovulation. Continued irregularity should still be evaluated. #### Is one late period a reason to worry? Not necessarily. Stress, illness, travel, weight changes, or pregnancy can delay a period. Repeated changes should be discussed with a doctor. #### Can irregular periods be treated? Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Once identified, a gynaecologist can recommend an appropriate management plan. ### Conclusion Irregular menstruation is a symptom rather than a diagnosis. The possible irregular periods causes range from temporary lifestyle changes to PCOS, thyroid disorders, pregnancy, perimenopause, medication effects, and other reproductive conditions. Instead of assuming the reason, women can track their menstrual pattern and seek medical advice when changes continue or become concerning. [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) provides gynaecological evaluation for menstrual and reproductive health concerns, with care based on each patient's symptoms, history, and clinical needs. ## UTI Symptoms, Causes, Treatment and Prevention in Women URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/uti-symptoms-causes-treatment-and-prevention-in-women Summary: Learn UTI symptoms, causes, treatment & prevention tips for women. Know when to seek medical care at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai for recurrent infections. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, affecting millions of women every year. In India, the hot climate, inadequate water intake, and sometimes delayed treatment make UTIs particularly prevalent. A simple, short course of the right antibiotic usually cures a UTI quickly — but recurrent or untreated UTIs can lead to serious kidney complications. Key Takeaways - A burning sensation during urination is the most classic UTI symptom. - Women are 30 times more likely to get UTIs than men due to anatomy. - Drinking plenty of water and urinating after sexual activity significantly reduces UTI risk. - Recurrent UTIs (more than 2–3 per year) need specialist investigation. ### Symptoms of a Urinary Tract Infection - Burning or stinging sensation during urination. - Frequent and urgent need to urinate — but passing only small amounts. - Cloudy, dark, or strong-smelling urine. - Pink, red, or cola-coloured urine (blood in urine). - Pelvic pain — especially in the centre of the pelvis and around the pubic bone. - Feeling of incomplete bladder emptying. ### Signs of a Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis) — More Serious #### When a UTI spreads to the kidneys, the following symptoms appear — seek medical care immediately: - High fever with chills and shaking. - [Pain in the upper back](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/back-pain-causes-red-flags-and-the-right-treatment-for-your-pain)and side (flank pain). - Nausea and vomiting. - All of the bladder UTI symptoms above. ### Why Are Women More Vulnerable to UTIs? Women have a shorter urethra (the tube from the bladder to the outside of the body) — approximately 4 cm, compared to 20 cm in men. This makes it much easier for bacteria from the skin or rectum to reach the bladder. Additional factors include hormonal changes after menopause, use of certain contraceptives, and pregnancy. ### How to Prevent Recurrent UTIs in Women - Drink 2–3 litres of water daily to flush bacteria from the urinary tract. - Urinate after sexual intercourse. - Wipe from front to back after using the toilet. - Avoid holding urine for long periods. - Wear breathable cotton underwear — avoid tight synthetic clothing. - Avoid douching and harsh feminine hygiene sprays. - Cranberry products may help reduce UTI recurrence in some women — ask your doctor. Experiencing UTI symptoms? Get a urine culture test and same-day consultation at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) — our [urology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/urology)and [gynaecology teams](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/obstetrics-gynaecology) are available 7 days a week. [Book an Appointment](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us): srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 #### Can I treat a UTI without antibiotics? Mild UTI symptoms may improve with increased water intake and over-the-counter urinary analgesics, but a UTI is caused by bacteria and requires antibiotic treatment to fully clear the infection and prevent it spreading to the kidneys. #### Why do I keep getting UTIs? Recurrent UTIs (3 or more per year) in women may be due to anatomical factors, hormonal changes (especially after menopause), incomplete antibiotic courses, or resistant bacteria. A specialist evaluation including urine culture and ultrasound is recommended. #### Can a UTI affect pregnancy? Yes. UTIs during pregnancy require prompt treatment as they can lead to preterm labour and kidney infection (pyelonephritis). All pregnant women should be screened for UTIs at their first antenatal visit. #### Is it safe to take antibiotics every time I get a UTI? For occasional UTIs, a short antibiotic course (3–7 days) is appropriate. For recurrent UTIs, a longer-term approach — such as low-dose prophylactic antibiotics, post-coital antibiotics, or self-start therapy — is discussed with a specialist. Can men get UTIs? Yes, but UTIs are much rarer in men. When they occur, they are often associated with an underlying cause such as an enlarged prostate, kidney stones, or a urinary catheter, and always warrant investigation. ## C-Section Surgery: What to Expect, Recovery Timeline and Scar Healing URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/c-section-surgery-what-to-expect-recovery-timeline-and-scar-healing Summary: Complete guide to C-section surgery at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — why it's done, what happens during surgery, recovery timeline & scar healing tips. C Section Surgery What To Expect Recovery Timeline And Scar Healing A caesarean section (C-section) is a major abdominal surgery through which a baby is delivered through incisions in the abdomen and uterus. Approximately 40–50% of deliveries in Chennai's private hospitals are now by C-section. Whether planned (elective) or emergency, this surgery — while common — deserves the same preparation and care as any major procedure. This guide walks you through everything from the operation to full recovery. #### Key Takeaways - A C-section is performed under spinal anaesthesia — you are fully awake and aware during the birth. - The baby is typically delivered within 5–10 minutes of the first incision - Total surgery time is approximately 45–60 minutes - Most women are walking within 12–24 hours of surgery - Full recovery takes 6–8 weeks — patience and rest are essential #### When Is a C-Section Recommended? #### Planned (Elective) C-Section: - Placenta praevia — placenta covering the cervix, blocking vaginal delivery. - Breech position — baby positioned feet-first or bottom-first - Multiple pregnancy — twins or triplets with unfavourable presentation - Previous uterine surgeries — previous C-section(s) or myomectomy where uterine scar is at risk. - Maternal medical conditions — certain heart, lung, or neurological conditions. #### Emergency C-Section: - Fetal distress — baby's heart rate shows signs of oxygen deprivation. - Failure to progress in labour — cervix stops dilating despite adequate contractions. - Cord prolapse — umbilical cord comes out before the baby. - Placental abruption — premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall. #### What Happens During a C-Section? - Spinal anaesthesia injection numbs from the chest downward — you remain fully conscious. - A horizontal incision (Pfannenstiel incision) is made just above the pubic hairline — approximately 10–15 cm. - The uterus is opened, and the baby is gently delivered — within 5–10 minutes of the first incision. - The cord is cut, baby is shown to you. - The placenta is removed, and the uterus and abdominal layers are closed with absorbable sutures. - Skin is closed — often with absorbable stitches or staples that are removed on Day 5. #### C-Section Recovery — Week by Week - Hours 1–12: Recovery room. Spinal wears off over 2–4 hours. Catheter in place. Skin-to-skin with a baby is encouraged as soon as you are comfortable. - Day 1: Catheter removed. Sitting up, dangling legs, and first steps with physiotherapist support. - Day 2–3: Discharged home (typically). Wound checked before discharge. - Week 1–2: Rest at home. Light feeding and caring for the baby. No heavy lifting (including older children). Short walks. - Week 3–4: Increasing activity. Most women can drive at Week 4 if comfortable (check with your doctor). - Week 6: Postnatal review. Cleared for exercise, swimming, and sexual intercourse (if comfortable). - Week 8–12: Full physical recovery. Scar softening begins. #### C-Section Scar — How to Promote Healing - Keep the wound dry and clean for the first 2 weeks. Have a daily bath with soap & water. - After complete healing (2–3 weeks), start silicone scar gel — apply twice daily for 3–6 months. - Scar massage (gentle circular pressure over the scar) from Week 6 — helps prevent scar tissue adhesions and improves appearance. - Protect the scar from sun exposure for 12 months — UV radiation darkens scars significantly. - Wear high-waisted cotton underwear to avoid elastic rubbing the scar Most C-section scars become pale, flat, and barely visible within 12–18 months. #### Breastfeeding After C-Section C-section does not prevent breastfeeding. Skin-to-skin contact can begin in the operating theatre as soon as you and baby are stable. Milk may take 2–4 days to come in (slightly longer than after vaginal birth due to the absence of labour hormones). Position the baby to avoid pressure on the wound — the 'rugby hold' or 'laid-back breastfeeding' positions are recommended. Planning your delivery or have questions about C-section? Our obstetrics team at SRM Prime Hospital provides comprehensive antenatal care and personalised delivery planning. Call 044 3545 3545. Book Appointment: srmhospitals.com | Call: 044 3545 3545 | Emergency: 044 3500 3500 #### Is a C-section more painful than normal delivery? During the procedure: no — spinal anaesthesia means you feel no pain during the surgery. After surgery: C-section recovery involves more post-operative pain than uncomplicated vaginal birth and requires 6–8 weeks for full recovery. Vaginal delivery recovery is typically faster if uncomplicated. #### Can I request a C-section even if a vaginal birth is medically appropriate? A patient's preference for a C-section, after full counselling about risks and benefits, is a valid consideration at SRM Prime Hospital. However, vaginal birth remains the recommended mode of delivery for low-risk pregnancies, and a full discussion with your obstetrician is essential. #### How many C-sections can a woman safely have? Most guidelines consider up to 3 C-sections acceptable in terms of risk. Beyond 3, the risk of abnormal placentation (placenta accreta — where the placenta grows into the uterine scar) increases significantly. This is an important discussion to have with your obstetrician if you plan a large family. #### When can I try for another pregnancy after a C-section? Most obstetricians recommend waiting at least 18 months (ideally 24 months) after a C-section before the next pregnancy, to allow the uterine scar adequate time to heal and reduce the risk of uterine rupture in a subsequent pregnancy. #### Is C-section safe for the baby? C-section is very safe for babies. Babies born by C-section have slightly different respiratory adaptation in the first hours of life (they miss the hormonal changes of labour) — monitored closely by our neonatal team. Skin-to-skin contact immediately after delivery is encouraged to support the baby's microbiome and bonding. ## Fever in Children: When Parents Should Worry URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/fever-in-children-when-to-worry Summary: Learn when fever in children is normal and when it needs urgent care. Understand symptoms, warning signs, and when parents should worry. Fever in children is one of the most common reasons parents rush to the doctor. The moment the thermometer crosses 100°F, anxiety kicks in. Is it something serious? Should you give medicine right away? Do you need to visit the hospital? These questions are natural. While fever in children is often a sign that the body is fighting an infection, there are times when parents should pay closer attention. Understanding what is normal and what needs [medical care](https://srmhospitals.com/about-us/) can help you stay calm and make the right decision. ### What Is Considered a Fever? A fever is usually defined as a body temperature above 100.4°F (38°C). It is not an illness on its own. It is a symptom. In most cases, fever in children happens due to: - Viral infections (like the common cold or flu) - Bacterial infections - Ear infections - Throat infections - Urinary infections - Post-vaccination reactions - Inflammation - Post injury/ stress response. [Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/) often explain that fever is the body’s natural defence system. It helps fight germs. So, the number on the thermometer is not always the main concern. The child’s overall behaviour matters more. ### When Fever in Children Is Usually Not Dangerous In many cases, fever in children is mild and settles within 2–3 days. You may not need to panic if: - Your child is active and playing - They are drinking fluids normally - They are responding when you talk to them - The fever reduces with medication - Child passing urine regularly. Even temperatures up to 102–103°F can be common in viral infections. Paediatric experts often say that how the child looks and behaves is more important than the exact temperature reading. ### Signs That Parents Should Worry While most fevers are harmless, certain warning signs need medical attention. Fever in children becomes concerning when it is associated with: ##### Age Matters - Below 3 months: Any fever above 100.4°F needs immediate medical care. - 3–6 months: Fever above 101°F should be checked by a doctor. Young babies have weaker immune systems. In them, fever can signal a serious infection. ##### High Fever That Persists - Fever lasting more than 3 days - Fever above 104°F - Fever that keeps returning frequently Persistent fever in children may indicate bacterial infections or other underlying conditions. ##### Unusual Behaviour - Extreme sleepiness or difficulty waking up - Continuous crying confusion and irritability - Reduced urination - Refusal to eat or drink - Breathing difficulty Doctors often observe that behavioural changes are stronger indicators than the temperature itself. ##### Additional Symptoms to Watch - Severe headache - Stiff neck - Rash that does not fade on pressing - Repeated vomiting - Seizures (febrile seizures) - Dehydration (dry lips, no tears, reduced urination) If any of these appear along with fever in children, medical help should not be delayed. ### Understanding Febrile Seizures One of the most frightening experiences for parents is seeing their child have a seizure during a fever. Febrile seizures can happen in children between 6 months and 5 years. Though they look alarming, most febrile seizures are short and do not cause long-term damage. However, you should seek medical evaluation immediately after a seizure episode. Doctors usually check for the cause of fever and guide parents on prevention. ### How to Manage Fever at Home If your child has mild fever and is otherwise active, you can manage it at home with simple steps: - Keep them well hydrated with water, ORS, soups, or breast milk - Dress them in light clothing - Allow adequate rest - Use doctor-recommended fever medication in the correct dose - Sponge with lukewarm water if needed Avoid cold water baths or ice packs. They can make the child uncomfortable and cause shivering. Medical professionals often remind parents that fever is not the enemy. Treat the child, not just the number on the thermometer. ### When to Visit the Doctor Immediately Seek urgent care if fever in children is associated with: - [Difficulty breathing](https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/breathlessness-causes-when-to-get-checked) - Bluish lips - Continuous vomiting - Severe abdominal pain - Stiff neck - Non-stop crying in infants - Signs of dehydration - Fever in newborns Timely medical assessment can prevent complications and provide peace of mind. ### A Doctor’s Perspective on Fever in Children [Paediatric specialists](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/paediatrics-neonatology) often observe that most emergency visits for fever in children are due to fear rather than severity. In reality, viral infections are the most common cause and usually resolve with supportive care. However, what differentiates a mild case from a serious one is: - Age of the child - Duration of fever - Associated symptoms - Child’s activity level From a third-person medical viewpoint, careful observation at home combined with awareness of red flags helps parents avoid unnecessary panic while ensuring safety. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How long does fever in children usually last? Most viral fevers last 2–3 days. If fever continues beyond 3 days, medical consultation is advised. #### Is 102°F fever dangerous? Not always. If the child is active and drinking fluids, it may not be serious. Monitor symptoms along with temperature. #### Should I wake my child to give fever medicine? If the child is sleeping comfortably, it is usually not necessary. Rest helps recovery. However, follow your doctor’s advice. #### Can teething cause fever? Teething may cause a slight rise in temperature but not high fever. Persistent or high fever likely has another cause. #### When should I worry about dehydration? Watch for dry mouth, no tears while crying, sunken eyes, or reduced urination. These are warning signs. ### Final Thoughts Fever in children is common and often harmless. It is usually a sign that the body is fighting infection. Instead of focusing only on the temperature, observe your child’s overall behaviour, hydration, and comfort. Parents should worry when fever is persistent, very high, or accompanied by alarming symptoms. Trust your instincts. If something feels unusual, consult a doctor. For [expert paediatric evaluation](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-harish-k/) and compassionate care, families can seek guidance from experienced specialists at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/), where timely assessment ensures children receive the right treatment at the right time. Understanding fever calmly and confidently empowers parents to care better and worry less. ## Childhood Vaccination Myths vs Medical Facts URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/childhood-vaccination-myths-vs-facts Summary: Childhood vaccination explained with myths vs facts. Learn safety, benefits, risks, and why childhood vaccination protects your child’s health. Childhood vaccination is often discussed, debated, and sometimes misunderstood. For many parents, the decision to vaccinate is not just medical, it is emotional. They want to protect their child from harm. Ironically, the very tool designed to prevent serious illness is sometimes seen as risky. [Paediatricians](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/dr-harish-k/) frequently notice that hesitation does not come from carelessness but from confusion. By separating myths from medical facts, families can approach childhood vaccination with clarity and confidence. ### Why Childhood Vaccination Is a Preventive Shield Childhood vaccination works by training the immune system to recognise and fight harmful germs before real exposure happens. Instead of waiting for a child to suffer through a dangerous infection, vaccines prepare the body safely in advance. Diseases that once caused widespread suffering such as polio and measles have dramatically reduced because of strong immunisation programmes. When vaccination rates remain high, outbreaks are rare. When they fall, diseases return. This pattern has been observed globally over the years. [Doctors](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors/) often explain it simply: prevention is always safer than treatment. ### Myth vs Fact: Breaking Down Common Misunderstandings ##### Myth 1: Vaccines Are Too New to Be Trusted Some parents feel that vaccines are rushed into use. ##### Medical Fact: Vaccines go through years of research,at multiple centres worldwide testing, and monitoring before approval. Even after they are introduced, safety tracking continues. Regulatory authorities review data continuously to ensure public safety. No vaccine is released for routine use without strict evaluation. ##### Myth 2: Childhood Vaccination Weakens Natural Immunity A common concern is that vaccines interfere with the body’s natural defences. Vaccines strengthen immunity. They mimic infection in a controlled way, allowing the immune system to learn without facing the full force of disease. In daily life, children are exposed to countless bacteria and viruses through play, food, and air. The immune challenge from vaccines is very small compared to natural exposure. ##### Myth 3: If Other Children Are Vaccinated, Mine Doesn’t Need It This idea relies on herd immunity but misunderstands how it works. Herd immunity only works when most people are vaccinated. If many parents skip childhood vaccination, protection weakens. Every vaccinated child contributes to community safety, including for infants and children who cannot receive certain vaccines for medical reasons. ##### Myth 4: Side Effects Are Common and Dangerous Stories about reactions can spread quickly online, creating fear. Most side effects are mild and short-lived. These may include: - Low-grade fever - Temporary swelling at the injection site - Mild fussiness Severe reactions are extremely rare. Doctors are trained to identify and manage them immediately if they occur. The risk of complications from vaccine-preventable diseases is far greater than the risk of serious vaccine reactions. ##### Myth 5: Spacing Out Vaccines Is Safer Some parents request alternative schedules, thinking fewer vaccines at a time reduces risk. The recommended immunisation schedule is carefully designed to protect children at the earliest safe age. Delaying doses extends the time a child remains vulnerable to infection. Scientific evidence does not show added safety from spacing vaccines beyond recommended guidelines. ### The Psychology Behind Vaccine Hesitation Healthcare providers often observe that vaccine concerns are rooted in information overload. Parents today have access to endless online opinions, videos, and personal stories. Emotional narratives can feel more convincing than statistics. From a clinical perspective, paediatricians see a pattern: once parents receive clear explanations about how childhood vaccination works and understand the risks of preventable diseases, most feel reassured. Transparent conversations reduce fear more effectively than dismissing concerns. Trust grows when medical advice is patient, respectful, and evidence-based. ### Real Risks of Skipping Childhood Vaccination Choosing not to vaccinate does not simply maintain the status quo—it increases risk. Unvaccinated children are more likely to: - Contract preventable diseases - Experience severe complications - Spread infection to others - Miss school due to illness - Require hospitalisation in serious cases In regions where vaccination rates dropped, outbreaks of measles and other infections reappeared. This demonstrates how quickly progress can reverse. ### How Vaccines Are Monitored for Safety Vaccine safety is not a one-time check. It is an ongoing process that includes: - Pre-approval clinical trials - Review by regulatory health authorities - Batch quality testing - Continuous adverse event reporting systems - Periodic scientific reassessment Doctors rely on both global research data and national immunisation guidelines. This layered system ensures that childhood vaccination remains one of the most closely monitored medical interventions worldwide. ### Practical Tips for Parents Parents who want to feel more confident about childhood vaccination can: - Keep a written vaccination record - Ask their paediatrician questions before the appointment - Monitor their child for mild symptoms after vaccination - Avoid relying solely on social media health advice - Follow the nationally recommended schedule Preparation reduces anxiety. Knowing what to expect helps parents feel in control. #### Frequently Asked Questions ##### Can a child receive vaccines during mild illness? Yes. Minor conditions like a cold or mild fever usually do not prevent vaccination for most of the vaccines. However, always consult your doctor. ##### Are combination vaccines safe? Yes. Combination vaccines reduce the number of injections while maintaining safety and effectiveness. ##### What if my child misses a dose? In most cases, the schedule can continue without restarting. Your paediatrician will guide you on catch-up vaccination. ##### Do vaccines guarantee 100% protection? No vaccine offers absolute protection, but they significantly reduce the risk and severity of disease. ##### Why are boosters needed? Some vaccines require booster doses to maintain long-term immunity as the child grows. ### Making Informed Decisions Childhood vaccination is not just a medical checklist it is a long-term investment in a child’s health. While myths continue to circulate, medical facts are supported by extensive research and decades of successful disease prevention. Healthcare professionals consistently emphasize that informed decisions come from credible sources, open discussions, and scientific evidence not fear-driven narratives. Protecting children means understanding both the risks of disease and the benefits of prevention. For [expert paediatric consultation](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/paediatrics-neonatology), immunisation guidance, and evidence-based care, families can rely on [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/), where patient education and safety remain central to every healthcare decision. --- # Patient Guides: Using the Hospital ## How to Book an Appointment at SRM Prime Hospital URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/how-to-book-an-appointment-at-srm-prime-hospital Summary: Learn how to book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital, choose the right specialist, prepare medical records, and plan your consultation with confidence. How To Book An Appointment At SRM Prime Hospital When a health concern needs medical attention, seeing the appropriate specialist without unnecessary delay can make the care process easier to manage. Patients looking to [book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us) can prepare for their consultation by first identifying the department that matches their symptoms and keeping relevant medical information ready. A planned approach also helps the specialist understand the concern more efficiently during the first visit. From selecting a department to preparing previous reports, a few practical steps can make the appointment process smoother. ### How to Book an Appointment at SRM Prime Hospital with the Right Specialist Before requesting an appointment, the patient should consider what type of medical care may be required. Some symptoms clearly point towards a particular speciality, while others may need an initial assessment by a general practitioner (GP). For example, recurring chest discomfort may require evaluation by a doctor before the appropriate speciality is determined, while an existing kidney condition may require a nephrology consultation. If the patient is uncertain about which specialist to consult, it is better to describe the main symptoms rather than trying to diagnose the condition independently. The appropriate department can then be identified based on the clinical concern. ### Step 1: Identify the Relevant Department Choosing the appropriate department is an important first step. SRM Prime Hospital provides care across [multiple medical and surgical specialities](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities), allowing patients with different healthcare needs to seek specialist assessment. The choice of department may depend on: - The main symptom or health concern - A previously diagnosed medical condition - A referral from another doctor - The need for a follow-up consultation - An existing investigation or scan result that requires specialist review Patients with several symptoms or health conditions should mention them while arranging the consultation. This information can help determine where the initial assessment should begin. ### Step 2: Check the Specialist and Appointment Availability Once the department has been identified, the next step is to check the availability of an appropriate specialist. Appointment schedules can vary depending on the [doctor](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors), speciality and day. Patients may also need to consider whether the visit is for a new health problem, a second opinion or follow-up care. Providing this information while requesting an appointment can help make the consultation process more organised. Patients should use the hospital's currently available official appointment channels to confirm the doctor, date and consultation time. ### Step 3: Keep Basic Information Ready Having the necessary information available can reduce delays while arranging the visit. A patient may be asked to provide basic personal and contact details along with information related to the consultation. Before trying to book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital, it can be useful to keep the following details ready: - Patient's full name and age - Contact information - Preferred department or specialist - Main medical concern - Preferred appointment date - Details of previous consultations, when relevant For a follow-up appointment, keeping earlier hospital records or patient details available may also be helpful. ### Step 4: Confirm the Appointment Details After an appointment has been arranged, patients should check the confirmed date, consultation time, department and doctor's name. It is also useful to find out whether any preparation is required before the visit. Certain investigations or procedures may involve specific instructions. These should be followed only when advised by the hospital or treating medical team. Patients who need to change their appointment should contact the hospital through its official channels rather than simply missing the scheduled consultation. ### What Should You Carry for the Specialist Consultation? The quality of a consultation can depend partly on how much relevant medical information is available to the doctor. Patients do not need to bring every medical document they have ever received, but records connected with the current problem can be valuable. Useful documents may include previous prescriptions, laboratory reports, scan reports, discharge summaries and details of medicines currently being taken. Patients can also prepare a short timeline of their symptoms. It may include when the problem began, whether it has become better or worse, and what treatments have already been tried. #### Make a Current Medication List A written list of medicines can be particularly useful for patients taking treatment for more than one condition. The list should ideally include prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines and supplements. Patients should not stop prescribed medicines before an appointment unless specifically advised by a qualified healthcare professional. ### Arriving for the Appointment Patients should allow sufficient time for registration and other hospital formalities before the consultation. First-time visitors may require additional time compared with patients attending a routine follow-up. During the consultation, the specialist may review the patient's symptoms, medical history and existing reports before deciding whether further tests are required. An appointment does not necessarily mean that investigations or treatment will be needed immediately. The next step depends on the individual clinical assessment. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital? Patients can use the hospital's current official appointment channels to request a consultation. They should confirm the specialist or department, appointment date and consultation time before visiting. #### What if I do not know which specialist I need? Patients can explain their main symptoms or medical concerns when seeking an appointment. This can help identify the appropriate department for an initial consultation. #### Should I bring previous medical reports? Yes, relevant reports can help the specialist understand previous diagnoses, investigations and treatments. Recent prescriptions, scans and laboratory reports may be particularly useful. #### Can I book a follow-up consultation? Patients who have already consulted a specialist can request a follow-up appointment according to the treating doctor's advice and availability. #### Should I prepare questions before meeting the specialist? Yes. Writing down important questions can help patients remember what they want to discuss, particularly when the condition or treatment involves several concerns. #### What happens during the first specialist appointment? The specialist may discuss symptoms, review medical history, examine the patient when appropriate and assess available reports. Further investigations or treatment may be recommended depending on the findings. ### Conclusion Knowing how to book an appointment at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) and preparing before the consultation can make the overall process more organised. Patients should begin by identifying the relevant department, confirm their appointment details and carry medical records connected with their current concern. A clear description of symptoms, previous treatment and current medicines can also help the specialist obtain a more complete clinical picture. At SRM Prime Hospital, patients can consult the appropriate medical or surgical speciality according to their healthcare needs and the specialist's availability. ## How to Choose the Right Specialist at SRM Prime Hospital URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/how-to-choose-srm-prime-hospital-doctors Summary: Learn how to choose the right SRM Prime Hospital specialist doctors based on symptoms, diagnosis, medical history and the specialist care you may need. How To Choose SRM Prime Hospital Doctors Choosing the right medical specialist can make it easier to understand a health concern and receive appropriate care. SRM Prime Hospital doctors work across [different medical specialities](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities), helping patients find care based on their symptoms, diagnosis and individual health needs. However, deciding which specialist to consult may not always be straightforward. The same symptom can sometimes be linked to different conditions. Looking at the type of symptoms, how long they have been present, existing medical conditions and previous test results can help patients identify an appropriate specialist. ### Why Choosing the Right Specialist Matters [Medical specialists](https://srmhospitals.com/doctors) have focused training in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting particular organs or body systems. Choosing an appropriate doctor allows the patient's symptoms to be assessed from the relevant clinical perspective. For example, heart-related symptoms may require a cardiologist, while joint or bone problems may need an orthopaedic specialist. When symptoms are general or their cause is unclear, a general physician can provide an initial assessment and recommend further specialist evaluation if necessary. Selecting from SRM Prime Hospital doctors should therefore begin with understanding the patient's main health concern. ### How to Choose Between SRM Prime Hospital Doctors Several factors can help patients decide which medical speciality is suitable. #### Start With the Main Symptom Consider the symptom causing the greatest concern. Note when it started, whether it is getting worse and whether it occurs alongside other symptoms. If there is no obvious connection to a particular speciality, consulting a general physician may be a suitable starting point. #### Consider an Existing Diagnosis Patients who already have a confirmed diagnosis can usually identify the relevant speciality more easily. A person diagnosed with a kidney condition, for example, may need nephrology care, while someone with a neurological disorder may require a neurologist. Previous prescriptions, blood test results, scans and discharge records can help SRM Prime Hospital doctors understand the patient's medical history. #### Check the Doctor's Area of Specialisation Doctors working within the same broad speciality can have different areas of clinical interest. Patients should consider whether a doctor's expertise is relevant to their condition, particularly when specialised treatment, surgery or long-term disease management may be required. ### Which Medical Specialist Should You Consult? Understanding what different medical departments manage can make specialist selection easier. - [Cardiology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/cardiac-sciences): Heart and cardiovascular conditions, including certain types of chest discomfort and abnormal heart rhythms. - [Neurology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/neuroscience): Conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord and nerves. - [Orthopaedics](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/orthopaedics): Bone, joint, muscle, ligament, fracture and mobility-related conditions. - [Gastroenterology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/medical-gastro): Conditions involving the stomach, intestines, liver and digestive system. - [Nephrology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/nephrology): Kidney disease, reduced kidney function and related conditions. - [Dermatology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/dermatology): Conditions affecting the skin, hair and nails. - [Paediatrics](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/paediatrics-neonatology): Healthcare for infants, children and adolescents. - [Obstetrics and Gynaecology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/obstetrics-gynaecology): Pregnancy care and conditions affecting the female reproductive system. - [Oncology](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/oncology): Diagnosis, assessment and treatment planning for cancer. - [General Medicine](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/general-medicine-diabetology): Common illnesses, chronic medical conditions and symptoms that do not clearly indicate one speciality. When patients remain uncertain, an initial medical assessment can help determine which of the SRM Prime Hospital doctors or departments may be appropriate for further evaluation. ### When More Than One Specialist May Be Required Some medical conditions involve several organs or require different forms of treatment. In these situations, care may involve more than one specialist. For example, cancer care can involve medical oncologists, surgical oncologists, radiologists, pathologists and other specialists depending on the diagnosis and treatment plan. A patient with diabetes and kidney complications may require input from different medical departments. Coordinated care allows SRM Prime Hospital doctors from relevant specialities to contribute to diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up when required. ### What Should You Prepare Before Your Appointment? Preparing relevant information can help make a specialist consultation more useful. Patients should consider bringing: - Previous prescriptions and medical records - Blood test and laboratory reports - X-rays, scans or other investigation results - Details of existing medical conditions - A list of current prescribed medicines - Information about previous operations or hospital admissions - A referral letter, if available Patients can also prepare questions about their symptoms, diagnosis, investigations, treatment choices and follow-up care. This helps them have a clearer discussion with SRM Prime Hospital doctors during the consultation. ### When Should You Seek Urgent Medical Attention? Not every symptom should wait for a routine specialist appointment. Severe chest pain, major breathing difficulty, sudden weakness, loss of consciousness, uncontrolled bleeding, serious injuries or rapidly worsening symptoms may require urgent medical attention. In these situations, patients should seek emergency medical care rather than waiting to identify a particular outpatient specialist. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How do I know which specialist I should consult? Start with the main symptom or an existing diagnosis. If the correct speciality is unclear, a general physician can perform an initial assessment and recommend further care. #### Can I consult a specialist directly? Yes. Patients with a known condition may approach the relevant speciality directly. Further referrals can be made after clinical assessment when necessary. #### Should I bring previous medical reports? Yes. Previous prescriptions, test reports, scans and treatment records can provide useful information to SRM Prime Hospital doctors. #### Can one medical condition require several specialists? Yes. Complex conditions may require coordinated assessment and treatment involving doctors from different specialities. #### Which doctor should I consult for unexplained symptoms? A general physician is often an appropriate first point of contact when symptoms do not clearly indicate a specific medical speciality. #### How should I prepare for my consultation? Note your symptoms, their duration, current medicines and relevant medical history. Bring previous test reports and prepare any questions you want to discuss. ### Choosing the Appropriate Specialist for Your Health Needs Choosing a specialist starts with understanding the health concern, rather than selecting a doctor based only on a department name. Symptoms, medical history, existing diagnoses and investigation results can all help determine which speciality may be appropriate. [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/) provides access to medical professionals across multiple specialities. Consulting the appropriate SRM Prime Hospital doctors and sharing complete medical information can support accurate assessment, informed treatment planning and better coordination of care according to each patient's individual health needs. ## Health Insurance & Cashless Treatment: A Complete Guide for Patients URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/cashless-treatment-hospital-health-insurance-guide Summary: Learn how a cashless treatment hospital works, from insurance eligibility and pre-authorisation to covered costs, exclusions and reimbursement claims. Health insurance can make planned and emergency hospitalisation easier to manage financially. A cashless treatment hospital allows eligible patients to receive covered treatment without paying the entire approved hospital bill upfront. Instead, the insurer or Third-Party Administrator (TPA) settles the approved amount directly with the hospital. However, cashless treatment does not mean that every hospital expense is covered. Understanding the process, eligibility and possible out-of-pocket costs can help patients make informed decisions before admission. ### What Is a Cashless Treatment Hospital? A cashless treatment hospital is generally a hospital that has an arrangement with an insurance company or TPA to provide cashless claim services to eligible policyholders. Patients can receive treatment and the insurer settles the approved portion of the bill directly with the hospital. The amount covered depends on the patient's health insurance policy. Factors such as the sum insured, waiting periods, exclusions, deductibles, co-payment and treatment limits can affect the final claim. Before admission, patients should check whether their policy covers the planned treatment and whether the hospital is part of the insurer's current network. ### How Does Cashless Treatment Work? The process may vary between insurers, but it usually follows a few important steps. #### 1. Verify Your Insurance Coverage Before planned hospitalisation, confirm that the cashless treatment hospital is included in your insurer's network. Check the policy for waiting periods, room-rent limits, exclusions and co-payment requirements. For [emergency treatment](https://srmhospitals.com/specialities/emergency-medicine), medical care should take priority. Insurance formalities can generally be initiated once the patient has been admitted. #### 2. Submit the Required Documents The hospital's insurance or TPA desk may ask for your insurance card, identification documents, policy details and medical records. For planned procedures, the hospital usually submits a pre-authorisation request to the insurer. Keeping these documents ready can help reduce delays. #### 3. Wait for Pre-authorisation The insurer reviews the treatment details and decides whether the proposed care is covered under the policy. The approval may specify an authorised amount rather than the complete estimated hospital bill. If the treatment cost changes, the hospital may request an enhancement of the approved amount, subject to the insurer's decision. #### 4. Treatment and Final Settlement After treatment, the hospital submits the final documents and bill for processing. The insurer then settles the approved amount directly with the cashless treatment hospital. The patient remains responsible for expenses that are not covered under the policy. ### What Expenses May You Still Need to Pay? One of the most common misunderstandings about cashless insurance is that patients do not have to pay anything. In reality, some expenses may remain payable even when treatment has been approved. These may include: - Policy exclusions - Deductibles - Co-payment - Non-medical expenses - Costs above room-rent limits - Treatment expenses exceeding the approved amount - Expenses outside the policy's coverage For this reason, patients should ask the cashless treatment hospital about expected out-of-pocket expenses before planned admission. ### What If Cashless Treatment Is Rejected? A cashless request may not always be approved. Reasons can include inadequate coverage, policy exclusions, waiting periods, insufficient information or treatment that does not meet the policy conditions. However, rejection of cashless treatment does not necessarily mean that the treatment cannot be claimed. Depending on the policy, patients may be able to pay the hospital and later submit a reimbursement claim. Patients should ask their insurer or TPA for the reason behind the decision and understand whether another claim route is available. ### Planned and Emergency Hospitalisation For planned treatment, patients have more time to confirm whether the cashless treatment hospital is included in their insurance network. They can also discuss estimated costs, documentation and pre-authorisation requirements with the hospital's insurance desk. An emergency situation requires a different approach. The immediate priority is appropriate medical care. Once admission takes place, the hospital team can begin the necessary insurance formalities. Patients should keep their insurance details and identification documents accessible, particularly if they have a known medical procedure planned. ### Questions to Ask Before Admission Before choosing a cashless treatment hospital, patients can ask: - Is my insurance policy accepted for cashless treatment? - Is the hospital currently part of my insurer's network? - Has pre-authorisation been submitted? - What amount has been approved? - Are there room-rent restrictions? - Will I have to pay a deductible or co-payment? - Which expenses are excluded? - What documents are needed at discharge? - What happens if the final bill exceeds the approved amount? Getting clear answers beforehand can reduce confusion during discharge. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Is treatment at a cashless treatment hospital completely free? No. Cashless treatment means the insurer settles the approved amount directly with the hospital. The patient may still need to pay deductibles, co-payment, exclusions and other non-covered expenses. #### Can I receive cashless treatment at any hospital? Not necessarily. Cashless services are generally available at hospitals within an insurer's network, subject to the policy terms and claim approval. #### What happens if my cashless request is rejected? You may need to pay the hospital directly. If your policy permits reimbursement, you can submit the required documents to your insurer after treatment. #### Should I check my policy before planned hospitalisation? Yes. Checking coverage, exclusions, waiting periods, limits and network status beforehand can help you understand your financial responsibility. #### Can the approved amount change? Yes. If the treatment requirements or estimated costs change, the hospital may submit a request for an increased authorisation. Approval depends on the insurer and the policy terms. ### Conclusion Understanding how a cashless treatment hospital works can help patients approach hospitalisation with greater financial clarity. Cashless insurance can reduce the need to arrange the entire treatment cost upfront, but patients should still understand their policy limits and possible personal expenses. If you are planning treatment at [SRM Prime Hospital](https://srmhospitals.com/), speak with the hospital's insurance or billing team before admission. They can help you understand the cashless process, required documents, insurer formalities and expenses that may need to be paid separately. Being prepared in advance can make the administrative and financial aspects of hospitalisation easier to manage. ## Why Preventive Health Checkup Is Important at Every Age URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/preventive-health-checkup-importance-every-age-guide Summary: Learn why preventive health checkup is important at every age. Discover its benefits and how preventive health checkup supports lifelong wellness. A preventive health checkup is one of the smartest decisions a person can make for long-term wellness. It is not just about testing; it is about staying ahead of potential risks. Many serious conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and thyroid disorders develop silently. A [preventive health checkup](https://srmhospitals.com/contact-us/) helps detect early warning signs before symptoms appear. Instead of reacting to illness, it allows people to respond early, make lifestyle changes, and avoid major complications. Health needs evolve with age. That is why preventive care should not be limited to one stage of life. It should grow with you. ### What Is a Preventive Health Checkup? A preventive health checkup is a structured medical screening designed to evaluate overall health and identify hidden risks. It usually includes: - Physical examination - Blood pressure monitoring - Blood sugar testing - Lipid profile - Liver and kidney function tests - Age-specific screenings The goal of a preventive health checkup is simple: detect early, act early, and prevent long-term damage. Rather than waiting for symptoms, preventive care gives clarity about your current health status. ### Preventive Health Checkup in Your 20s and 30s Young adults often feel invincible. But lifestyle patterns today tell a different story. Long working hours, processed food, lack of sleep, and stress can quietly affect health. A preventive health checkup during your 20s and 30s helps to: - Establish baseline health numbers - Identify vitamin and mineral deficiencies - Monitor thyroid levels - Track cholesterol trends - Detect early metabolic changes Starting a preventive health checkup routine early builds awareness. From a broader perspective, individuals who monitor their health in their younger years are more likely to maintain healthy habits later. Prevention becomes a mindset, not a reaction. ### Why Preventive Health Checkup Becomes Essential After 40 After 40, the risk of chronic illness increases. Blood pressure may rise gradually. Blood sugar levels may shift. Hormonal balance changes. At this stage, a preventive health checkup becomes more detailed and focused. It may include: - Comprehensive cardiac screening - Advanced lipid profile - Diabetes evaluation - Thyroid assessment - Cancer screening based on risk factors A regular preventive health checkup during midlife often prevents emergency situations. Early detection allows doctors to recommend medication, dietary changes, or lifestyle adjustments before complications occur. Experts often notice that people who commit to annual screening after 40 experience fewer unexpected health crises. Prevention reduces uncertainty. ### Preventive Health Checkup After 50: Protecting Quality of Life Health priorities shift after 50. The focus moves from early detection to maintaining function, mobility, and independence. A preventive health checkup in this stage may include: - 60 Bone density scan - Detailed cardiac evaluation - Cancer screening - Kidney function monitoring - Vision and hearing tests Routine preventive health checkup appointments help seniors stay active and confident. Instead of fearing hidden illness, they gain reassurance from regular monitoring. From a third-person perspective, older adults who prioritize preventive screening often show greater emotional stability. Knowing their health status gives them peace of mind. ### Financial Benefits of Preventive Health Checkup Healthcare expenses can be overwhelming when diseases are diagnosed late. Hospital admissions, surgeries, and long-term medications increase financial strain. A preventive health checkup helps reduce costs by: - Detecting disease in early stages - Lowering hospitalisation risk - Reducing need for complex procedures - Minimizing productivity loss Investing in a preventive health checkup today can prevent major expenses tomorrow. Prevention is not an added cost; it is cost control. ### Mental Health and Preventive Health Checkup Preventive care is not limited to physical tests. Stress, anxiety, and burnout are increasingly common across age groups. Many preventive health checkup packages now include mental health assessments. Early recognition can: - Improve sleep quality - Reduce chronic stress impact - Strengthen coping ability - Support emotional balance A comprehensive preventive health checkup considers both body and mind. ### How Often Should You Schedule a Preventive Health Checkup? Frequency depends on age and personal risk factors: - Every 1–2 years in your 30s to 40s - Annually after 40 - More frequent testing if chronic conditions exist Consistency is key. A single preventive health checkup provides insight, but regular screening provides protection. ### Signs You Should Not Delay a Preventive Health Checkup Even without symptoms, certain signs call for immediate evaluation: - Family history of heart disease or diabetes - Sudden weight changes - Persistent fatigue - High stress levels - Sedentary lifestyle A timely preventive health checkup can reveal hidden imbalances before they become serious. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### Is a preventive health checkup necessary if I feel healthy? Yes. Many conditions do not show symptoms in early stages. #### At what age should preventive screening begin? Basic screening can start in early adulthood and should become more comprehensive with age. #### Can a preventive health checkup prevent disease completely? It may not eliminate all risk, but its early diagnosis & treatment may significantly reduce complications and severity. #### How long does a preventive health checkup take? Most complete screenings are finished within a few hours. #### Does insurance cover preventive health checkup packages? Many policies include annual health screening benefits. It is best to confirm with your provider. ### Conclusion A preventive health checkup is not just a medical routine. It is a long-term health strategy that evolves with every decade of life. In your younger years, it builds awareness. In midlife, it prevents complications. In later years, it protects independence and quality of life. Those who prioritize preventive care often experience fewer medical surprises and greater confidence in their health decisions. Knowledge reduces fear, and early action reduces risk. Choosing a trusted healthcare partner makes a significant difference. Institutions like [SRM Prime Hospitals](https://srmhospitals.com/) emphasize the importance of preventive health checkup programmes across all age groups, helping individuals take control of their health before illness takes control of them. Prevention is not about expecting problems. It is about preparing wisely for a healthier future. ## SRM PRIME Zone: Free Healthcare Benefits for Families Within 5 km of Ramapuram URL: https://srmhospitals.com/blog-and-articles/srm-prime-zone-card-benefits-ramapuram Summary: SRM PRIME Zone: Get your free SRM PRIME Card if you live within 5 km of Ramapuram. 2 free specialist consults, 20% off lab tests, free ambulance and more. Community Health SRM Prime Zone Card Benefits Ramapuram SRM PRIME Zone is a neighbourhood healthcare programme by SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai. Families living within about 5 km of the hospital can get a complimentary SRM PRIME Card. It gives two free specialist consultations, free OP registration for up to six family members, 20% off blood tests, 10% off pharmacy bills and free emergency ambulance pickup. When a parent has chest pain at midnight or a child runs a high fever, every minute matters. SRM PRIME Zone is built on one simple idea: "Where Care Is Closer To You!" It brings preventive check-ups, specialist doctors and emergency support right to the families who live around the hospital. In this guide, you'll learn what SRM PRIME Zone is, which areas are covered, every benefit of the SRM PRIME Card, and how to register your family for free. ### What is SRM PRIME Zone? SRM PRIME Zone is a community healthcare programme for residents living within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram. It combines four things: preventive health screening, emergency support, easy access to specialists, and money-saving benefits through the SRM PRIME Card. The programme has four headline offers: - Free emergency pickup within 5 km of the hospital - A complimentary SRM PRIME Card for your household - Family healthcare benefits for up to six members - Free health screening for the first 10,000 residents through community medical camps #### Which areas are covered under SRM PRIME Zone? If your home is within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, you can apply. Covered areas include: - Ramapuram - Manapakkam - Mugalivakkam - Porur - Valasaravakkam - KK Nagar - Ashok Nagar - Nesapakkam Not sure if your address qualifies? Enter your address and pincode on the [SRM PRIME Zone registration page](https://srmhospitals.com/srm-prime-zone) and the Prime Zone team will confirm your eligibility. ### SRM PRIME Card benefits: what your family gets The SRM PRIME Card is a free privilege card for households in SRM PRIME Zone. One card covers the cardholder plus up to five family members, and it is valid until 31 July 2027. - 2 free specialist consultations (OP) for the cardholder - Free OP registration for the cardholder and up to 5 family members - 2 free diet consultations per year - Free ambulance pickup within 5 km (subject to availability) - 20% off eligible blood investigations - 10% off eligible pharmacy bills - 10% off room/bed charges - Buy 1, Get 1 Free on eligible health check packages #### Important things to know - Benefits apply only to patients paying directly (cash/self-pay). - The card cannot be combined with insurance, TPA, corporate tie-ups, CGHS, ECHS or other offers. - Family members must be registered when you apply to use the OP registration benefit. - The 10% bed discount covers room/bed charges only. It does not cover ICU, doctor fees, procedures, nursing, consumables or package treatments. - Buy 1, Get 1 packages must be booked together in one transaction. The lower-value package is free. - The SRM PRIME Card is a privilege card, not a payment or credit card. ### How to register for your free SRM PRIME Card Registration is online and takes about two minutes: - Check eligibility. Confirm your home is within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram. - Fill the form. On the [SRM PRIME Zone page](https://srmhospitals.com/srm-prime-zone), enter your full name, mobile number, email, full address and pincode. - Add family members. Add up to five family members so they can use the free OP registration benefit. - Receive your card. The Prime Zone team verifies your details and issues your SRM PRIME Card. - Start using your benefits. Show your card at the hospital to use your discounts and free services. #### Free health screening for 10,000 residents SRM PRIME Zone offers free health screening to the first 10,000 eligible residents through community medical camps across the zone. These camps help families catch silent problems like high BP, diabetes and fatty liver early. Are you an RWA or apartment association member? Contact the Prime Zone team to bring a free medical camp to your community. ### Why SRM PRIME Zone matters for your family Many health problems show no signs in the early stages. Regular check-ups catch them early, when treatment is simpler and costs less. SRM PRIME Zone helps your family: - Catch problems early with free screening at camps near your home - Save on everyday care with 20% off blood tests and 10% off pharmacy bills - Get help fast in emergencies with free ambulance pickup within 5 km - Eat healthier with two free diet consultations every year - Look after elders with specialist care just minutes away #### Advanced care, right in your neighbourhood SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, is a 300-bed quaternary care multispeciality hospital with: - 30+ clinical specialities - 24×7 emergency and trauma care - Advanced critical care and ICU facilities - Da Vinci Xi robotic surgical system - South India's most advanced MRI system - A dedicated endoscopy suite - Experienced specialists across disciplines ### Frequently asked questions about SRM PRIME Zone #### What is SRM PRIME Zone? SRM PRIME Zone is a neighbourhood healthcare programme by SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai. Residents within about 5 km of the hospital get a free SRM PRIME Card, free health screening through medical camps, and free emergency ambulance pickup. #### Is the SRM PRIME Card free? Yes. The SRM PRIME Card is complimentary for eligible households living within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram. Ramapuram, Manapakkam, Mugalivakkam, Porur, Valasaravakkam, KK Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Nesapakkam and nearby localities within about 5 km of the hospital. #### What are the benefits of the SRM PRIME Card? Two free specialist consultations, free OP registration for up to six family members, two free diet consultations a year, free ambulance pickup within 5 km, 20% off blood tests, 10% off pharmacy bills, 10% off bed charges, and Buy 1, Get 1 Free on health check packages. #### How many family members can use one SRM PRIME Card? One card covers up to six people: the cardholder plus five family members, for free OP registration. Family members must be registered when you apply. The two free specialist consultations are for the cardholder only. #### Can I use the SRM PRIME Card with my health insurance? No. Card benefits apply only to patients paying directly. They cannot be combined with insurance, TPA, corporate tie-ups, CGHS, ECHS or other offers. #### Is the ambulance pickup really free? Yes. Free ambulance pickup is available within 5 km of the hospital, subject to availability and emergency priority. #### How long is the SRM PRIME Card valid? The card is valid until 31 July 2027, or the expiry date printed on the card. #### How do I register for the SRM PRIME Card? Fill the online form on the SRM PRIME Zone page with your name, mobile number, email, address and pincode, and add your family members. The Prime Zone team verifies your details and issues the card. ### Register for your free SRM PRIME Card today If you live in Ramapuram, Porur, Valasaravakkam, KK Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Manapakkam, Mugalivakkam, Nesapakkam or nearby, your family's health benefits are waiting. --- # More ## Videos URL: https://srmhospitals.com/videos Summary: Watch our consultants explain symptoms, treatments and recovery in short videos, so you can make informed decisions about your care. Expert-led videos sharing medical insights, treatment guidance and patient education to help you make informed healthcare decisions. ### Patient Information Videos Choose a consultant to watch their videos on symptoms, procedures and recovery, explained in plain language. ###### Dr. Balamurugan K Senior Consultant – ENT ###### Dr. Dheeraj C H Consultant – Medical Oncology ###### Dr. Harish K Consultant – Paediatrics & Neonatology ###### Dr. Kapali Neelamekam Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Surgical Gastro, HPB, MAS, Multiorgan Transplant ###### Dr. Keerthana Rajasekaran Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology ###### Dr. Vignesh Palaniappan A Head of Department & Senior Consultant – Emergency & Trauma ###### Dr. Mohan K C Senior Consultant – Orthopaedics ###### Dr. Nikhil Jawaharlal Nahar Consultant – Orthopaedics ###### Dr. Ravindra Kumar Senior Consultant – Anaesthesiology, Anaesthesiology/Surgical & Transplant ICU ###### Dr. Tarun George J Senior Consultant – Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology ###### Dr. Nandhini Elumalai Senior Consultant – Obstetrics & Gynaecology ###### Dr. Narayanan A Consultant – Dermatology Select a doctor to view their specialised insights. ### Frequently Asked Questions #### How can I book an appointment at SRM Prime Hospital? You can book an appointment online through our website, use the Find Doctors feature, call our appointment helpline, or visit the hospital directly. Our team will help you schedule a consultation with the right specialist. #### Can I consult a specialist directly at SRM Prime Hospital? Yes. Patients can directly book an appointment with a specialist without a referral. Our team will guide you in choosing the appropriate doctor based on your condition. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide online consultations or second opinions? Yes. We offer online consultations and second opinion services for patients who prefer to consult from home or want expert guidance before starting treatment. #### What medical specialities are available at SRM Prime Hospital? SRM Prime Hospital offers a wide range of specialities including Cardiac Sciences, Neuroscience, Orthopaedics, Medical & Surgical Gastroenterology, Dermatology, General Medicine and advanced surgical care. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital accept health insurance? Yes. We work with leading insurance providers and offer cashless hospitalisation for eligible policies. Our insurance desk will assist you with the process. #### What are the visiting hours for patient attendants and family members? Visiting hours vary depending on the department and patient condition. Please contact the hospital reception or nursing station for the latest visiting schedule. #### Does SRM Prime Hospital provide emergency services? Yes. Our emergency department operates 24/7 with experienced doctors and advanced medical support to handle urgent medical situations. #### How do I find the right doctor at SRM Prime Hospital? You can use our Find Doctors feature on the website to search by speciality, doctor name or medical condition. #### Will I receive an estimate of treatment cost before admission? Yes. Our team provides a transparent treatment estimate and expected hospital stay duration before admission whenever possible. #### Where is SRM Prime Hospital located and how can I reach it? SRM Prime Hospital is located at No. 50, Bharathi Salai, Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600089. The hospital is easily accessible by road from all parts of Chennai. ## Media URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media News, awards and press coverage from SRM PRIME Hospital. ### SRM PRIME Video Highlights Watch curated video content featuring expert talks, patient education, medical awareness initiatives, and key moments from SRM PRIME Hospital. Image Gallery ### SRM PRIME in the Spotlight A glimpse of our doctors’ presence across media, events, and medical platforms. ### Featured In Recognised by leading national and regional media outlets, SRM PRIME Hospital continues to be featured for its medical excellence, advanced treatments, and commitment to patient-centred care. ## Media Articles URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles Summary: Read the latest newspaper and magazine articles featuring SRM PRIME Hospital. Read the latest newspaper and magazine articles featuring SRM PRIME Hospital. [### SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch SRM PRIME Zone is a neighbourhood healthcare programme by SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, for residents living within 5 km of the hospital. Eligible families get a free SRM PRIME Card with 2 free specialist consultations, free OP registration for up to 6 family members, 20% off blood tests, 10% off pharmacy and bed charges, and free emergency ambulance pickup. Register online today. Where Care Is Closer To You! 26 Aug 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch)[### Heart Valve Milestone 23 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone)[### Surgical Milestone 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone)[### Advanced Colon Surgery Success 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success)[Multiple Print, Digital & Television MediaChennai ### PR Activity Summary – February 2026 SRM Prime Hospital’s PR Activity Summary for February 2026 highlights extensive media coverage, expert interviews, healthcare awareness initiatives, and television appearances across print, digital, and broadcast platforms. 25 May 2026 • Multiple Publications](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/pr-activity-summary-february-2026)[Multiple Leading PublicationsChennai ### SRM Prime Opens GI and Liver Institute with South India’s Most Advanced Endoscopy Unit SRM Prime Hospital launches South India’s most advanced endoscopy unit with next-generation imaging and minimally invasive gastrointestinal and liver care facilities. 23 May 2026 • Medical Coverage / Press Release](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-gi-liver-institute-advanced-endoscopy-unit)[Multiple Leading PublicationsChennai ### SRM Prime Hospital Uses Bovine Pericardial Patch in Novel Endoscopic Procedure to Stop Stool Leakage Through Neovagina SRM Prime Hospital successfully performed a first-of-its-kind endoscopic procedure in Tamil Nadu using a bovine pericardial patch to treat a rare recto-neovaginal fistula in a transgender patient, avoiding major open surgery. 22 May 2026 • Medical Coverage / Press Release](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-bovine-pericardial-patch-endoscopic-procedure) ## SRM Prime Opens GI and Liver Institute with South India’s Most Advanced Endoscopy Unit URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-gi-liver-institute-advanced-endoscopy-unit Summary: SRM Prime Hospital launched the Institute of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases, featuring South India's most advanced endoscopy unit for digestive care. ### Media Articles Multiple Leading Publications Media Articles Chennai, November 03, 2025: SRM Prime Hospital, Ramapuram, launched the SRM Prime Institute of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, featuring South India’s most advanced endoscopy unit designed to provide comprehensive gastroenterology services and precision-driven digestive care for patients across all age groups. The institute was inaugurated by renowned Tamil actor and director R. Parthiban in the presence of Mr. P. Siva, Chief Executive Officer, Dr. Arulprakash, Clinical Lead & Senior Consultant – Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Dr. Tharun J George, Senior Consultant – Gastroenterology and Hepatology, SRM Prime Hospital. The newly launched institute is equipped with next-generation technologies including the Arietta 750 and EP-8000 endoscopic ultrasound systems integrated with the Olympus X1 platform, enabling high-resolution imaging and precision-guided minimally invasive procedures for gastrointestinal and liver diseases. The institute also features the Slim Therapeutic Endoscope EG-840TP, enhancing procedural manoeuvrability for accurate diagnosis, advanced therapeutic procedures, and faster patient recovery. Speaking on the occasion, Mr. P. Siva said that SRM Prime Hospital’s vision is to provide comprehensive digestive care under one roof by combining advanced technology with a highly skilled team of gastroenterologists and trained nursing professionals. He added that the institute strengthens the hospital’s position as a centre of excellence in gastroenterology, offering advanced imaging, minimally invasive procedures, and 24/7 emergency gastrointestinal care. Dr. Arulprakash stated that the institute provides complete gastroenterology and liver care covering diseases related to the esophagus, stomach, intestine, gallbladder, pancreas, and liver. He further highlighted that the advanced endoscopic ultrasound system — the first of its kind in Tamil Nadu — enables detailed imaging and targeted interventions for complex pancreatic and biliary disorders. The institute specialises in advanced endoscopic procedures including: - Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) - ERCP - Small bowel endoscopy - GERD endoscopic treatment - Early GI cancer detection - Advanced non-surgical tumour removal techniques such as ESD, EMR, and EFTRD The SRM Prime Institute of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases also offers: - Acid reflux management - Swallowing therapy - Bariatric endoscopy - Endoscopic Sleeve Gastroplasty (ESG) - Intragastric Balloon therapy - Advanced cholangioscopy and laser stone fragmentation procedures The institute provides 24/7 gastrointestinal emergency and critical care services for conditions including GI bleeding, acute pancreatitis, liver-related emergencies, and foreign body removal. ### Print Coverage - The Hindu - Deccan Chronicle - The New Indian Express - Dinamani - Dinakaran - Theekkathir - Andhra Jyothi - Sakshi - Southern Mail - Dina Kural - Dakshin Bharat - Telugu News Times - Hello Madras - Tamil Sudar - Maalai Deepam - Dina Kathir - Dina Yugam - Tamilaka News - Virtual Times - Afternoon - Tamizhaga Voice - Trinity Mirror - Maalai Yugam ### TV & Online Coverage - [Polimer News](https://www.facebook.com/reel/1908020940073015?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [News Tamil 24x7](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LUeO91SZph0&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - Puthiya Thalaimurai - News 18 Tamil Nadu - Thanthi TV - Zee Tamil - [Sathiyam TV](https://www.facebook.com/reel/621009614341257?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - Raj News - [Malai Murasu TV](https://www.youtube.com/live/cJeGLKS7dZc?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Tamilan TV](https://www.youtube.com/live/cJeGLKS7dZc?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Galatta](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/XW761UqJMRg?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Behindwoods](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9suWjtm_vLs&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Thi Cinemas](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lu7iXiFoLiI&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Non Stop News](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S5eF0ekx-FM&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - Chennai Glitz - [View 7 Media](https://view7media.in/2025/11/03/1641/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Dina Malar YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RXJ29xWI8NU&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Twinkle News](https://www.youtube.com/shorts/pL4eBNUSlTk?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [DT News](https://dtnewstv.com/?p=63296&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Live On](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=abKZnu4tyA8&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Pocket News](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jO5K4Qbtvw&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Chennai Online](https://www.chennaionline.com/news/srm-prime-opens-gi-and-liver-institute-with-south-indias-most-advanced-endoscopy-unit/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) ### More Articles [### SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch 26 Aug 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch)[### Heart Valve Milestone 23 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone)[### Surgical Milestone 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone)[### Advanced Colon Surgery Success 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success) ## SRM Prime Hospital Uses Bovine Pericardial Patch in Novel Endoscopic Procedure to Stop Stool Leakage Through Neovagina URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-bovine-pericardial-patch-endoscopic-procedure Summary: Rare endoscopic closure of a gastro-oesophageal defect using a bovine pericardial patch at SRM Prime Hospital, Chennai — a first-of-its-kind advanced GI procedure. ### Media Articles Multiple Leading Publications Media Articles Chennai, November 25, 2025: In a first for Tamil Nadu, SRM Prime Hospital successfully used a bovine pericardial patch to close a neovaginal fistula — an abnormal connection between the rectum and neovagina — in a 22-year-old transgender patient who had previously undergone male-to-female gender-affirming surgery elsewhere. The condition had caused the passage of flatus and faecal matter through the neovagina. The minimally invasive endoscopic day-care procedure helped the patient avoid major open-abdominal surgery and prolonged hospitalisation. The procedure was performed by Dr. Arulprakash S., Clinical Lead and Senior Consultant, and Dr. Tarun J. George, Senior Consultant – Medical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, under the guidance of Dr. C. Paul Dilip Kumar, Director – Medical Services, SRM Prime Hospital. According to Dr. Arulprakash, recto-neovaginal fistulas are rare complications occurring in nearly 1% of gender-affirming surgeries. Earlier treatment attempts elsewhere using endoscopic clipping provided only temporary relief, making this a rare and challenging clinical situation. The SRM Prime Hospital team opted for an advanced endoscopic closure using a bovine pericardial patch — the first such procedure performed in Tamil Nadu. The biological patch acted as a scaffold to support tissue healing and close the fistula without open surgery. The complex procedure involved two endoscopists working simultaneously from both sides of the fistula tract to position and secure the patch using a 14 mm over-the-scope clip. Dr. Tarun J. George explained that the team performed a contrast CT scan to assess the fistula before proceeding with argon plasma coagulation to prepare the tissue surface. The bovine pericardial patch was then placed and secured successfully using the clip system. The patient was discharged on the same day and advised one week of rest, short-term antibiotics, and stool softeners during recovery. ### Print Coverage - The Hindu - The New Indian Express - The Times of India - Deccan Chronicle - Dinakaran - Dinamani - Dinamalar - And other leading regional publications. ### TV & Online Coverage - [News 7 Tamil](https://youtu.be/1SpDJjA_p9s?si=Q-qjO9tKHdscrDIK&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - Gem TV - [The Hindu Coverage](https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/srm-prime-hospital-performs-rare-endoscopic-closure-with-bovine-pericardial-patch/article70321846.ece?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Times of India Coverage](https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/gender-affirming-surgery-cow-tissue-used-to-fix-leak/articleshow/125571451.cms?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Express News](https://expressnews.asia/2025/11/srm-prime-hospital-uses-bovine-pericardial-patch-in-novel-endoscopic-procedure-to-stop-stool-leakage-through-neovagina/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [News 360D](https://www.news360d.com/archives/9005?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Chennai Views (YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GOVIvS91-go&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - Chennai Views - PNI News - [Neerthirai](https://youtu.be/uSPkG-thVV0?si=de4tvDAL79mpClqG&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - Talk4City - VTV 24x7 - NxtPix - [Live On (YouTube)](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X-B4eEkaPbI&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - Metro Focus - TN Mirror News - Chennai Mail - [Navjeevan Express](https://navjeevanexpress.com/srm-prime-hospital-achieves-breakthrough-in-transgender-health-care/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Head News TV](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIwP0AMV9BU&utm_source=chatgpt.com) ### More Articles [### SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch 26 Aug 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch)[### Heart Valve Milestone 23 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone)[### Surgical Milestone 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone)[### Advanced Colon Surgery Success 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success) ## Heart Valve Milestone URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone Summary: SRM Prime Hospital achieves a heart valve milestone in Chennai, highlighting its cardiac team's expertise in advanced valve replacement surgery and care. ### Media Articles Media Articles ### More Articles [### SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch 26 Aug 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch)[### Surgical Milestone 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone)[### Advanced Colon Surgery Success 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success)[### PR Activity Summary – February 2026 Multiple Print, Digital & Television Media • 25 May 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/pr-activity-summary-february-2026) ## Advanced Colon Surgery Success URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success Summary: SRM Prime Hospital achieves advanced colon surgery success in Chennai, showcasing expert surgical skill and improved outcomes for complex GI conditions. ### Media Articles Media Articles ### More Articles [### SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch 26 Aug 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch)[### Heart Valve Milestone 23 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone)[### Surgical Milestone 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone)[### PR Activity Summary – February 2026 Multiple Print, Digital & Television Media • 25 May 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/pr-activity-summary-february-2026) ## Surgical Milestone URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone Summary: SRM Prime Hospital marks a major surgical milestone in Chennai, reflecting its expert surgical team's dedication to advanced, patient-first medical care. ### Media Articles Media Articles ### More Articles [### SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch 26 Aug 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch)[### Heart Valve Milestone 23 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone)[### Advanced Colon Surgery Success 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success)[### PR Activity Summary – February 2026 Multiple Print, Digital & Television Media • 25 May 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/pr-activity-summary-february-2026) ## SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch Summary: SRM Prime Hospital launches 'SRM Prime Zone' in Chennai, expanding advanced healthcare access & services for patients across the region. Read more here. ### Media Articles Media Articles SRM PRIME Zone is a neighbourhood healthcare programme by SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai. Families living within about 5 km of the hospital can get a complimentary SRM PRIME Card. It gives two free specialist consultations, free OP registration for up to six family members, 20% off blood tests, 10% off pharmacy bills and free emergency ambulance pickup. When a parent has chest pain at midnight or a child runs a high fever, every minute matters. SRM PRIME Zone is built on one simple idea: "Where Care Is Closer To You!" It brings preventive check-ups, specialist doctors and emergency support right to the families who live around the hospital. In this guide, you'll learn what SRM PRIME Zone is, which areas are covered, every benefit of the SRM PRIME Card, and how to register your family for free. ### What is SRM PRIME Zone? SRM PRIME Zone is a community healthcare programme for residents living within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram. It combines four things: preventive health screening, emergency support, easy access to specialists, and money-saving benefits through the SRM PRIME Card. The programme has four headline offers: - Free emergency pickup within 5 km of the hospital - A complimentary SRM PRIME Card for your household - Family healthcare benefits for up to six members - Free health screening for the first 10,000 residents through community medical camps #### Which areas are covered under SRM PRIME Zone? If your home is within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, you can apply. Covered areas include: - Ramapuram - Manapakkam - Mugalivakkam - Porur - Valasaravakkam - KK Nagar - Ashok Nagar - Nesapakkam Not sure if your address qualifies? Enter your address and pincode on the [SRM PRIME Zone registration page](https://srmhospitals.com/srm-prime-zone) and the Prime Zone team will confirm your eligibility. ### SRM PRIME Card benefits: what your family gets The SRM PRIME Card is a free privilege card for households in SRM PRIME Zone. One card covers the cardholder plus up to five family members, and it is valid until 31 July 2027. - 2 free specialist consultations (OP) for the cardholder - Free OP registration for the cardholder and up to 5 family members - 2 free diet consultations per year - Free ambulance pickup within 5 km (subject to availability) - 20% off eligible blood investigations - 10% off eligible pharmacy bills - 10% off room/bed charges - Buy 1, Get 1 Free on eligible health check packages #### Important things to know - Benefits apply only to patients paying directly (cash/self-pay). - The card cannot be combined with insurance, TPA, corporate tie-ups, CGHS, ECHS or other offers. - Family members must be registered when you apply to use the OP registration benefit. - The 10% bed discount covers room/bed charges only. It does not cover ICU, doctor fees, procedures, nursing, consumables or package treatments. - Buy 1, Get 1 packages must be booked together in one transaction. The lower-value package is free. - The SRM PRIME Card is a privilege card, not a payment or credit card. ### How to register for your free SRM PRIME Card Registration is online and takes about two minutes: - Check eligibility. Confirm your home is within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram. - Fill the form. On the [SRM PRIME Zone page](https://srmhospitals.com/srm-prime-zone), enter your full name, mobile number, email, full address and pincode. - Add family members. Add up to five family members so they can use the free OP registration benefit. - Receive your card. The Prime Zone team verifies your details and issues your SRM PRIME Card. - Start using your benefits. Show your card at the hospital to use your discounts and free services. #### Free health screening for 10,000 residents SRM PRIME Zone offers free health screening to the first 10,000 eligible residents through community medical camps across the zone. These camps help families catch silent problems like high BP, diabetes and fatty liver early. Are you an RWA or apartment association member? Contact the Prime Zone team to bring a free medical camp to your community. ### Why SRM PRIME Zone matters for your family Many health problems show no signs in the early stages. Regular check-ups catch them early, when treatment is simpler and costs less. SRM PRIME Zone helps your family: - Catch problems early with free screening at camps near your home - Save on everyday care with 20% off blood tests and 10% off pharmacy bills - Get help fast in emergencies with free ambulance pickup within 5 km - Eat healthier with two free diet consultations every year - Look after elders with specialist care just minutes away #### Advanced care, right in your neighbourhood SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, is a 300-bed quaternary care multispeciality hospital with: - 30+ clinical specialities - 24×7 emergency and trauma care - Advanced critical care and ICU facilities - Da Vinci Xi robotic surgical system - South India's most advanced MRI system - A dedicated endoscopy suite - Experienced specialists across disciplines ### Frequently asked questions about SRM PRIME Zone #### What is SRM PRIME Zone? SRM PRIME Zone is a neighbourhood healthcare programme by SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram, Chennai. Residents within about 5 km of the hospital get a free SRM PRIME Card, free health screening through medical camps, and free emergency ambulance pickup. #### Is the SRM PRIME Card free? Yes. The SRM PRIME Card is complimentary for eligible households living within about 5 km of SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram. Ramapuram, Manapakkam, Mugalivakkam, Porur, Valasaravakkam, KK Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Nesapakkam and nearby localities within about 5 km of the hospital. #### What are the benefits of the SRM PRIME Card? Two free specialist consultations, free OP registration for up to six family members, two free diet consultations a year, free ambulance pickup within 5 km, 20% off blood tests, 10% off pharmacy bills, 10% off bed charges, and Buy 1, Get 1 Free on health check packages. #### How many family members can use one SRM PRIME Card? One card covers up to six people: the cardholder plus five family members, for free OP registration. Family members must be registered when you apply. The two free specialist consultations are for the cardholder only. #### Can I use the SRM PRIME Card with my health insurance? No. Card benefits apply only to patients paying directly. They cannot be combined with insurance, TPA, corporate tie-ups, CGHS, ECHS or other offers. #### Is the ambulance pickup really free? Yes. Free ambulance pickup is available within 5 km of the hospital, subject to availability and emergency priority. #### How long is the SRM PRIME Card valid? The card is valid until 31 July 2027, or the expiry date printed on the card. #### How do I register for the SRM PRIME Card? Fill the online form on the SRM PRIME Zone page with your name, mobile number, email, address and pincode, and add your family members. The Prime Zone team verifies your details and issues the card. ### Register for your free SRM PRIME Card today If you live in Ramapuram, Porur, Valasaravakkam, KK Nagar, Ashok Nagar, Manapakkam, Mugalivakkam, Nesapakkam or nearby, your family's health benefits are waiting. ### More Articles [### Heart Valve Milestone 23 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone)[### Surgical Milestone 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone)[### Advanced Colon Surgery Success 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success)[### PR Activity Summary – February 2026 Multiple Print, Digital & Television Media • 25 May 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/pr-activity-summary-february-2026) ## PR Activity Summary – February 2026 URL: https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/pr-activity-summary-february-2026 Summary: SRM Prime Hospital's February 2026 PR summary highlights extensive print, digital & TV media coverage featuring expert interviews & healthcare campaigns. ### Media Articles Multiple Print, Digital & Television Media Media Articles The timeline saw a total of 35 clips across print, online, television, and electronic media. PR activities during February 2026 focused on expert healthcare awareness, trending medical discussions, and specialist interviews by doctors from SRM Prime Hospital. Topics covered included mental health of medical professionals, orthopaedic problems, early cancer screening, spine health, rare diseases, PCOS/PCOD, paralysis, probiotics, protein intake, GLP-1 drugs, stroke awareness, and lifestyle-related health concerns. The overall PR value for the month ran into several lakhs. The media engagements focused on: - Mental health among medical professionals - Orthopedic health and spinal problems - Early cancer screening awareness - Women’s health, PCOS & PCOD - Fertility and reproductive health - Stroke awareness and paralysis - Rare diseases and early diagnosis - Protein intake and nutrition - Probiotics and digestive health - GLP-1 drugs and weight management - Lifestyle-related health disorders The PR activities generated more than 35 media clips across print, digital, television, and online platforms. ### Print Coverage - Vaartha - Sakshi - Telugu News Times - Doctor Kungumam Magazine - The Hindu - Federal News - South First - NDTV - BBC Tamil - The Week ### Featured Interviews - Dr. C H Dheeraj - Dr. K. C Mohan - Dr. Vivian - Dr. Neelamegam Thoppa Kapali - Prof. Dr. K. Subramaniyan - Dr. Nandhini Elumalai - Dr. Arulprakash S. - Dr. Balamurugan - Dr. Harish K - Dr. Narayanan A - Dr. P. Praveen Kumar Reddy - Dr. Vivian Kapil - Ms. Vandhana Gowthaman - Dr. Arulalan Mathialagan ### TV & Online Coverage - Medical Dialogues - [The Hindu Digital](https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/health/when-do-you-really-need-probiotic-supplements-and-crucially-when-dont-you-experts-explain/article70631628.ece?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Federal News](https://thefederal.com/category/news/protein-intake-indians-right-amount-supplements-diet-what-experts-say-228982?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [South First – Baby Care Kit Initiative](https://thesouthfirst.com/health/paediatricians-welcome-tamil-nadus-baby-care-kit-thaimai-app-initiatives/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [NDTV Digital](https://www.ndtv.com/health/widely-used-natural-hair-extensions-have-toxic-chemicals-says-study-6-health-impacts-explained-11013491?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [BBC Tamil](https://www.bbc.com/tamil/articles/cq57465zne6o?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [The Week Digital](https://www.theweek.in/news/health/2026/02/24/how-a-52-year-old-uk-woman-lost-her-limbs-after-a-harmless-dog-lick-caused-sepsis-or-explained.html?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [South First – GLP-1 Drugs Coverage](https://thesouthfirst.com/bold/glp-1-drugs-move-beyond-diabetes-and-weight-loss-to-multi-organ-protection/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [South First – Meal Timing & Weight Loss](https://thesouthfirst.com/bold/sf-campaign-struggling-to-lose-weight-your-meal-timings-may-matter/?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Malai Murasu TV](https://youtu.be/QAvzw9MXxsA?si=rnByunnmONqQ_F9j&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Maalai Murasu TV Live](https://www.youtube.com/live/uXuh15qCgGo?si=xOknX561aZt5NomW&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Tamil Janam News](https://youtu.be/sGO3-VvhncU?si=872jeb_UkifYGy1n&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [News Tamil 24x7 – Dr. Mohan](https://youtu.be/xpgdo0NKBwo?si=BLBaJXrkybz3J9Df&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [News Tamil 24x7 – Dr. Subramaniyan](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQBT050ayP4&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Maalai Murasu TV – Dr. Arun](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJHY3On1_FM&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Federal News YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-ZTDJrVnmM&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Federal News Shorts](https://youtube.com/shorts/nJHMjJeJetU?feature=share&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Tamil Janam News Live](https://www.youtube.com/live/8OtZsm0_2vA?utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Zee Tamil News](https://youtu.be/znPhp9zi0lM?si=K4Vxt_QdsrKbWPT3&utm_source=chatgpt.com) - [Polimer News](https://youtu.be/-QWPh2xJNOs?si=fCIFUuXugSqrZMej&utm_source=chatgpt.com) ### More Articles [### SRM Prime Hospital - 'SRM Prime Zone' Launch 26 Aug 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/srm-prime-hospital-srm-prime-zone-launch)[### Heart Valve Milestone 23 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/heart-valve-milestone)[### Surgical Milestone 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/surgical-milestone)[### Advanced Colon Surgery Success 22 Jun 2026](https://srmhospitals.com/media/articles/advanced-colon-surgery-success) ## Privacy Policy URL: https://srmhospitals.com/privacy-policy Summary: How SRM PRIME Hospital, Ramapuram collects, uses, stores and protects the personal and medical information you share with us. Your privacy and security are our priority. ##### Privacy Policy At SRM PRIME Hospital, we respect your privacy. Any personal information you provide—such as your name, email, or contact details—will only be collected with your knowledge and will not be shared with third parties without your permission. We may disclose your information only under the following conditions: - If required by law (e.g., court order or legal investigation), - If required for any purpose during the service rendered by the hospital, - If your activity violates our terms or policies, - To protect the hospital’s rights, property, or safety, - To prevent or respond to fraud, misuse, or security threats. ##### 1. User Registration By agreeing to our terms, you may register and use our online services through the hospital website. ##### 2. Compliance with Laws All transactions are subject to Indian laws and regulations. We may provide user information to authorities if legally required. ##### 3. Validity of Terms If any part of these terms is found invalid, the rest will remain in effect. ##### 4. Transaction Records Records maintained by SRM PRIME Hospital and its payment service providers are final and will be considered accurate. ##### 5. Payment Issues (Timeouts/Delays) If your session times out or the payment page fails: - Check if your account was charged. If charged, don’t pay again—contact us. - If not charged, you may retry the transaction. ###### Limitation of Liability - SRM PRIME Hospital provides online services for your convenience. - We are not responsible for any technical issues, delays, or losses caused during use of these services. - The hospital and its service providers are not liable for any damages related to data errors, unauthorised access, or payment interruptions. ##### Security & Account Responsibility - You are responsible for maintaining the confidentiality of your User ID and Password. - Always log out after using shared or public computers. - SRM PRIME Hospital will never ask for your password through email or phone. ##### Payment Information - You must use only valid, authorised debit/credit cards or bank accounts. - Ensure accurate payment details and sufficient funds before initiating a transaction. ##### Use of Personal Data - We may collect, use, or share your information only if required by law or for security investigations. - By submitting personal information to us, you consent to its use in accordance with our privacy policy. ##### Payment Gateway Disclaimer The online payment service is provided to make your experience easier. SRM PRIME Hospital and its payment partners do not guarantee uninterrupted service and are not responsible for delays, errors, or losses resulting from the use of the payment system. By using our services, you accept these terms and assume full responsibility for your transactions. ## Terms & Conditions URL: https://srmhospitals.com/terms-and-conditions Summary: The terms that govern your use of the SRM PRIME Hospital website, appointment booking and online services. The terms that govern your use of this website and our online services. ##### SMS, WhatsApp, RCS, and Email Communication By sharing your contact details and opting in, you agree to receive communication from SRM PRIME Hospital and its affiliated entities through SMS, WhatsApp, RCS (Rich Communication Services), and Email for the purposes listed below: ##### 1. Purpose of Communication ##### Healthcare Communication - Appointment confirmations, reminders, and follow-ups - Lab and diagnostic test status updates - Prescription or medication notifications - Vaccination alerts or periodic health updates ##### Health Tips and Awareness - Preventive care advice - Doctor-authored blogs and seasonal health alerts - Wellness programmes and health campaigns ##### Promotions and Service Announcements - New service or facility launches - Special health packages and limited-time offers - Festive or seasonal discounts on diagnostics and treatments ##### Patient Engagement and Feedback - Post-visit feedback or surveys - Service experience ratings - Notifications related to grievance redressal or support resolution ##### 2. Consent and Data Privacy - Your personal data (including mobile number and email ID) will be used solely for authorised communication purposes by SRM Prime Hospital and its authorised partners (e.g., IT service providers, marketing platforms). - We do not sell your personal information to third parties. - All communication will adhere to applicable data protection laws and guidelines. ##### 3. Opt-Out Option You may opt out of promotional messages at any time by: - Replying “STOP” to SMS or WhatsApp - Clicking the unsubscribe link in our emails - Messaging “STOP” in RCS chat (if supported) After opting out, you may still receive essential communications (e.g., appointment reminders, reports, patient care updates). ##### 4. General Disclaimer SRM PRIME Hospital is not liable for communication delivery failures due to telecom provider restrictions, spam filters, or technical disruptions. ## Cancellation & Refund Policy URL: https://srmhospitals.com/cancellation-refund-policy Summary: SRM PRIME Hospital's policy on cancelling appointments, products and services, and how refunds are assessed and processed. The Hospital reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to accept or decline any request for cancellation of appointments or product/service orders. ### Cancellation & Refund Policy The Hospital reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to accept or decline any request for cancellation of appointments or product/service orders. In cases where a cancellation is accepted, a cancellation fee of 15% of the applicable service or product cost may be levied. The Hospital also retains the discretion to waive this fee, in whole or in part. Refunds, where applicable, will be processed within a reasonable timeframe, based on the specific circumstances of each case. All refunds will be made exclusively via electronic transfer (including UPI or direct bank transfer) to the original payer’s account. Cash refunds are strictly prohibited. The Hospital reserves the right to decline refund requests where the authenticity of the claim is deemed insufficient.